Beyond the Bottle: Introducing Anthropological Debate to Research into Aboriginal Alcohol Use

This paper selectively identifies two recurring misconceptions of theory present in the existing research literature on Aboriginal alcohol use which may impede future research and prevention activities: the denial of contemporary Aboriginal cultures, particularly in urban areas, and the consequent failure to conceive of Aboriginal drinking as socially, culturally and politically meaningful behaviour; and an emphasis on rural/remote communities in research initiatives which reflects outdated conceptual paradigms which have been brought to bear on the prevention of alcohol-related problems and has hindered innovation in program design for urban areas. Evidence from recent anthropological studies of both Aboriginal society and culture and Aboriginal alcohol use is presented which conflicts with the identified misconceptions and a case is made for the value of such analyses. Following an examination of these conflicting viewpoints, suggestions are made with respect to future research.     

Death Does Not Become Us

Abstract

The social issues of death, dying and bereavement represent important but neglected research areas, and such issues need attention both for practical reform and for deciphering what living with intellectual disability entails. The difficulties which life poses for people with intellectual disabilities may well persist in the times before and after death. As research issues they offer not only potential practical significance, but also a means of determining the social status and value of people with intellectual disabilities. This paper reviews the issues of death and dying from the viewpoint of sociological research and seeks to identify the ways death and dying have been treated within the research literature on living with intellectual disability. It is suggested that these issues have been discounted with some important consequences for the way intellectual disability is perceived. Important areas for research in this area are highlighted.     

我国城乡环境污染转移探析

我国工业化和城市化的高速发展导致了工业废弃物迅猛增长,同时城市生活垃圾和生活废水的产生量也迅速增加。由于城市污染物处理系统跟不上废弃物的增长速度,大量的污染物被转移到农村。当前我国农村环境问题日益突出,表现之一就是城市污染向农村转移加速。因此,研究我国城乡环境污染转移具有重要的现实意义。     

Research,Macro Practice and Aging in the Social Work Education Curriculum

Summary

This paper presents a model that used a macro emphasis for teaching research using older adults. Faculty developed the teaching model to address three key areas of concern in the education of Bachelor of Social Work (BSW) students for generalist practice: (1) research, (2) macro-level practice, and (3) aging. The paper explores the nature of these concerns and draws upon previous literature to delineate a teaching model designed to strengthen these areas of generalist practice by integrating content on macro-level concerns and aging into the curriculum of a research course. The development and evaluation of the research course within the context of a community and college project are described, as are the benefits for students, the social work program and the community. Preliminary findings indicate some support for the use of such a model.     

Biological Research on Women's Sexual Orientations: Evaluating the Scientific Evidence

The importance of biological influences on sexual orientation is hotly debated. This article summarizes public opinions about the causes of sexual orientations and documents shifts over time toward greater endorsement of biological rather than environmental explanations. Next, empirical evidence concerning neuroendocrine and genetic explanations of women's sexual orientation is reviewed. Currently, there is no convincing evidence that biological factors are a determining influence on women's sexual orientations. In some research areas, the data on women are incomplete. In areas where adequate research is available, studies on women do not conclusively support biological hypotheses. Implications of these findings are considered.     

Research, macro practice and aging in the social work education curriculum

This paper presents a model that used a macro emphasis for teaching research using older adults. Faculty developed the teaching model to address three key areas of concern in the education of Bachelor of Social Work (BSW) students for generalist practice: (1) research, (2) macro-level practice, and (3) aging. The paper explores the nature of these concerns and draws upon previous literature to delineate a teaching model designed to strengthen these areas of generalist practice by integrating content on macro-level concerns and aging into the curriculum of a research course. The development and evaluation of the research course within the context of a community and college project are described, as are the benefits for students, the social work program and the community. Preliminary findings indicate some support for the use of such a model.     

Biomedical Research and the Commercialization Agenda: A Review of main Considerations for Neuroscience

This article reviews a range of issues associated with the commercialization of biomedical research and speculates on how these issues might apply to the neuroscience context. Drawing on existing studies of the impact of research commercialization activities on various areas of biotechnology research, the authors explore normative benchmarks for assessing and resolving issues likely to arise from the commercialization of neuroscientific research, including such topics as patenting, marketing pressures, and representations of research prospects.     

广西城乡地区基本公共服务均等化问题特征及政策建议

广西地处西部少数民族地区,基本公共服务不均等现象较为突出,选择广西基本公共服务均等化问题进行研究具有典型意义。本文在探讨基本公共服务均等化内涵和意义基础上,分析广西基本公共服务均等化问题特征,并对实现广西城乡地区基本公共服务均等化途径提出政策建议。     

广西城乡地区基本公共服务均等化问题特征及政策建议

广西地处西部少数民族地区,基本公共服务不均等现象较为突出,选择广西基本公共服务均等化问题进行研究具有典型意义。本文在探讨基本公共服务均等化内涵和意义基础上,分析广西基本公共服务均等化问题特征,并对实现广西城乡地区基本公共服务均等化途径提出政策建议。     

Biomedical research and the commercialization agenda: a review of main considerations for neuroscience

This article reviews a range of issues associated with the commercialization of biomedical research and speculates on how these issues might apply to the neuroscience context. Drawing on existing studies of the impact of research commercialization activities on various areas of biotechnology research, the authors explore normative benchmarks for assessing and resolving issues likely to arise from the commercialization of neuroscientific research, including such topics as patenting, marketing pressures, and representations of research prospects.     

新制度主义： 理论评述及其对组织研究的贡献

制度研究是当前国际社会科学界研究的热点，其主要研究领域涉及到政治学、社会学、心理学和管理学等。在20世纪70年代，组织被引入制度研究领域，并且获得了学术界广泛的关注。本文系统回顾了制度研究的发展历程，对新制度主义及其对组织研究的贡献进行评述。     

Assessing the educational literature in the responsible conduct of research for core content

To determine core content for RCR instruction, content analysis was conducted using key instructional resources for ORI's nine RCR "core instructional areas". Topics discussed in these key RCR resources were identified and their frequency across resources was tabulated. Topics covered most frequently were judged to be core content. Although key educational resources cited a variety of references, specific topics and issues addressed were generally consistent across the materials examined. Nonetheless, key resources varied in organization and depth of coverage for core instructional areas. Recent resources were more systematic and comprehensive than earlier works. This was particularly evident in materials about human participant research, conflicts of interest, and data management and sharing. Key resources presented additional "non-core" issues, such as scientific values, ethical principles, creativity and objectivity, moral reasoning, genetics, epidemiological issues, and scientists' societal roles, suggesting that ORI's core instructional areas should be reconfigured or expanded. Because educational material available on RCR and professionalism was so comprehensive, we recommend that ORI consider research integrity, not research misconduct, as one core instructional area. We also recommend that compliance with research regulations be restored as a core instructional area to accentuate ethical, financial and legal requirements related to acceptance of federal funding.     

Recent trends in border economics

Greater cross-border integration is reflected in U.S.-Mexico border-related economic research. Some of the areas in which substantial work is being done include population, business cycle transmission, exchange rates, industrial development, labor markets, and natural resources. This paper examines research undertaken in these fields.     

Does Anything Work?

This paper reviews the results of effectiveness research in five areas of professional practice: social work, psychotherapy and counseling, corrections, psychiatric hospitalization, and education. In all these areas the research indicates that, at best, professionals are operating with little or no empirical evidence validating their efforts, since lack of effectiveness was the rule rather than the exception. In addition, a pattern of deterioration was found in which clients of professionals frequently were found to do less well than people with similar problems who received no professional services whatsoever. Some hypotheses are presented that may account for this situation, and a number of suggestions are offered for enhancing the effectiveness of professionals in all five areas. To the extent that professionals are unable or unwilling to make substantial changes in their practice, the paper concludes that such changes may be imposed from outside the professions in the form of governmentally mandated standards and regulations.     

试论20世纪老舍资料研究的成就

20世纪的老舍资料研究取得了辉煌的成就 ,它既表现在老舍生平资料的发掘考证与传记资料的系统整理上 ,也表现在研究资料的综合汇编与工具书的编撰出版上 ,更表现在散佚作品的收集与文本的编辑上。 2 1世纪的老舍资料研究的任务也是十分繁重的 :有些散佚作品亟待去发现 ,《老舍全集》更需要修订再版。老舍资料研究面临着新的机遇与挑战。     

International Standards for Research Integrity: An Idea Whose Time has Come?

A movement to promulgate international ethics standards covering areas of conduct other than research with human subjects has now begun to gain momentum. This commentary explains why it is important to develop international research integrity standards and some of the problems that must be overcome to bring them to fruition.     

When nature pushes back: environmental impact and the spatial redistribution of socially vulnerable populations

Objectives. This research investigates the spatial redistribution of socially vulnerable subpopulations during long-term recovery from natural disaster. We hypothesize that the local environmental impact of a disaster influences this redistribution process and that how it does so varies by the urban or rural context in which the disaster occurs.Methods. To test these hypotheses, we use a novel research design that combines the natural experiment offered by Hurricane Andrew with GIS technology and local census data.Results. Findings indicate that in a more urbanized disaster zone (Miami), long-term recovery displaces socially disadvantaged residents from harder-hit areas; yet, in a more rural disaster zone (southwestern Louisiana), long-term recovery concentrates socially disadvantaged residents within these harder-hit areas.Conclusion. These findings bridge classic and contemporary research on postdisaster recovery and open new terrain for thinking about how environmental and social forces intersect to transform regions in different settlement contexts.     

灾区可持续生计资产现状分析——基于5·12地震三个重灾区的个案研究

5·12地震给受灾地区带来重大创伤,对当地人民生产、生活和地区的可持续发展构成了重大挑战。对自然灾害以及灾民灾后恢复情况的研究,具有重要的理论和政策意义。本研究正是基于汶川地震极重灾区进行的大规模走访调查,用统一的研究框架,分析目前灾区可持续生计现状。可持续生计框架的核心是5种生计资产,分别为自然资本、物质资本、金融资本、人力资本和社会资本。     

Evaluating research misconduct policies at major research universities: a pilot study

This pilot study evaluates the accessibility and usefulness of the research misconduct (RM) policies at the top-25 universities as ranked by NIH and NSF grant awards. Measuring accessibility demonstrates how readily-available policies are to the people they affect. Evaluating the range of policy content indicates whether policies and procedures on research misconduct are "useful" as opposed to merely "minimal" (Rhoades, 2003). On average, it took five clicks to get from a university's home page to its RM policies. Only nine policies were accessed within three or fewer clicks. Policy information was coded into categories comprising a total of 20 topic areas, which were then grouped into five content domains. The policies reveal a broad range of usefulness. Some provide relevant details on almost every topic area, while others leave most questions unanswered. Three of the 20 topic areas are almost universally covered in the policies analyzed. In contrast, five other topic areas average less than half of the information which could have been included. These policies, from elite U.S. research universities, may serve as role models; as such they should perhaps be held to the highest standards. If the message sent by a policy lacks clarity and precision, it should be revised to include an appropriate level of detail.     

Ethics in population-based genetic research

Population-based genetic research, including genetic epidemiology, shows tremendous potential to elucidate the role of genes as causal factors in complex and common human diseases. Like all research with human subjects, full realization of these benefits requires careful attention to its ethical conduct, establishing an appropriate balance between individual protections and the advancement of scientific and medical knowledge. This article reviews the growing literature on genetics research and ethics to describe some of the fundamental ethical issues in population-based genetics research, including research design, recruitment and informed consent, and dealing with research results. Its focus is on areas where consensus is forming and where future work is needed.