Management support organizations and university partnership in nonprofit education,training and consultation

Over the last decade there has been a tremendous growth in the nonprofit sector. Local community centers and foundations are developing Leadership Institutes to educate and assist the burgeoning nonprofit sectors needs for education and consultation. Universities and colleges are also responding to the call for nonprofit education. Since 1990 there has been a 300% growth in universities offering concentrations in nonprofit education. This paper documents how Florida Gulf Coast University, the nation’s newest university, partnered with the Center for Leadership of the local community foundation to conduct a needs assessment of demand for graduate education, training, and consultation in the area of nonprofit management. The partnership began with three focus groups of key administrative personnel from local nonprofit organizations. The survey documented a preponderance of interest in marketing, fund raising and strategic planning across all agencies, regardless of size. Smaller agencies, with budgets of less than $500,000 (52% of the sample) tended to be primarily interested in education, training, and consultation activities involving fund raising and marketing. Comparatively larger agencies tended to be interested in assistance with computer technology, legal and ethical issues, and cooperation among nonprofit organizations. The survey also indicated that that was a high interest among agency staff and board members for a nonprofit management track within an academic degree program or a graduate certificate program in nonprofit management.     

Population education: a new strategy for India

Hamstrung by excessive population growth which has absorbed economic gains and faced with the prospect of even greater population gains due to the fact that 45% of her people are under 15 years of age, India must take bold steps to change fertility patterns. The best way of achieving this is to adopt a strong program of population education to convince young people to have small families out of a concern for the threat to the quality of life posed by excessive population. The objectives of population education, as defined by the National Seminar of Population Education in 1969, "should be to enable the students to understand that family size is controllable, that population limitation can facilitate the development of a higher quality of life in the nation and that a small family size can contribute materially to the quality of living for the individual family." The improvement in the health and welfare of individual family members was also emphasized. 3 major elements of population education are 1) determinants of population growth; 2) demography; and 3) consequences of population growth. 2 other aspects, generally called "sex education," can be added: human reproduction and family planning policies and programs. Inclusion of the latter items is highly controversial. Some maintain that the passions aroused by sex education can destroy the entire education program before it has a chance. Before launching an extensive program, the author recommends studying the social norms and constraints of the community, ensuring that the program is in competent hands, and instituting and evaluating pilot programs.     

社区教育扩延：家庭综合服务中心特色项目资源的整合与利用

在社会管理创新背景下催生的家庭综合服务中心的蓬勃发展为广州社区教育带来了前所未有的机遇。家综为社区居民提供多元化的社区公共服务,其中包括社区教育服务。家综在向社区居民提供社区教育服务有着天然的优势。找准整合切入点,完善制度建设,健全社区教育工作网络,引导家综积极融入社区教育发展大局,整合、利用以家综为代表的社区民间组织力量,为社区教育增添新动力。     

Which Champions,Which People? Public and User Involvement in Health Care as a Technology of Legitimation

This paper concerns two practices, public consultation and user involvement, whose adoption has been urged upon the UK National Health Service in recent years. Public consultation is a local attempt to seek the views of a broad constituency of persons. User involvement is a local attempt to include organized groups of service users in the planning, and occasionally the management, of such services. The paper has four objectives. First, it locates the topic in the context of several related current debates. Second, it outlines the main findings of a recent empirical study of public consultation as they relate to the above debates. Third, it summarizes the relevant findings of an empirical study of user involvement. Finally, it examines these two practices as "technologies of legitimation" which can be seen as a means by which managerial legitimacy is maintained in the context of an increasingly pluralistic policy arena.     

社区教育在完善公共文化服务体系中的作用

随着经济的发展,人民群众的生活水平逐步提高,大众对享受更多、更好的公共文化提出了新的、更高要求。社区教育以其基层性、全员性、全面性、服务性、公益性、丰富性受到广大人民群众的欢迎,也成为促进我国公共文化服务体系完善的重要组成部分。社区教育通过构建和谐社区、充实群众文化生活、整合社区教育资源、传播先进文化四个途径,为建立覆盖全社会的公共文化服务体系做出贡献。     

论大学生劳动实践德育工程的角色定位与发展思路

大学生劳动实践德育工程是一种德育范式。从马克思到中共历代领导人都高度重视劳动实践德育的价值观培养,并根据实际从不同角度进行阐述。大学生在劳动实践德育工程中是:大学、社区、政府合作的示范者,社会主义核心价值观的传播者,社区公共服务的补位者,社区治理的帮助者。大学生劳动实践德育工程的发展思路是:以实践德育文化的动力功能为核心,扩大大学生和社会公众参与;对大学生劳动实践德育工程加强引导和管理,联合志愿服务组织,丰富社会组织资源;优化大学生劳动实践德育工程的政策和保障;以大学生劳动实践德育工程为载体,健全社会支持结构。     

Factors associated with the preventive healthcare service use among older adults in Korea: Focusing on age variation

The importance of preventive health examinations for older adults has been well emphasized due to an increase in chronic diseases associated with age. In this study, we estimated the preventive health examination participation rate and its associated factors among the elderly with specific focuses on the moderating effects between age and socioeconomic status. We used data drawn from the first to sixth waves (4164 people) of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging for the elderly aged 65 and over. A generalized linear model was used to address research questions. The results showed that the participation rate decreased as older adults age. The interaction between age and education was also significant, indicating that older adults with higher education were more likely to use a preventive health examination compared to those with lower education. There were no significant interaction effects between income and age. Based on the findings, implications for theory and practice were discussed with specific focuses on age‐specific approaches in preventive healthcare services for older adults.     

Social work in South Africa at the dawn of the new millennium

The article examines recent developments in social policy and its implications for social work education and practice in South Africa. It traces the changes from the birth of democracy in South Africa to the dawn of the new millennium as these crucial years marked the beginning of a new era in South Africa's welfare history. It examines the challenges to social work and provides an example of the integrated, holistic developmental interventions, which are needed to combat social problems such as crime, AIDS and poverty. It ends with an examination of the implications of developmental welfare policy for social–work education as social workers are called to address mass poverty, unemployment and social deprivation through greater use of diverse social work methods, such as advocacy, community development, empowerment, consultation, networking, action research and policy analysis.     

Collaboration between Health and Local Authorities: Why is it necessary?

In contrast with current proposals, collaboration with local government was a dominant factor in the 1974 reorganisation of the NHS. Four categories of such collaboration are identified in this paper: the sharing of services; coordination of service delivery; joint planning; and joint prevention. The need for each is discussed in the context of the reorganisation debate and of subsequent events. In essence, the DHSS case for collaboration — and in particular, its emphasis on joint planning — is seen as both a cause of reorganisation and a consequence of the form which that reorganisation eventually took. Emphasis is placed upon the potential role of collaboration as a vehicle for a preventive health strategy and as an important instrument for the development and implementation of major central government policy objectives. Finally prospects for the continuing evolution of joint working are considered in relation to NHS restructuring. It is concluded that the present government's approach to the structure and management of the NHS is likely to undermine its substantive policy objectives especially in the field of community care.     

浅谈社区公共服务的概念

社区公共服务是社区服务主体,在以人为本理念指导下,为了满足社区的公共需求,为全体社区居民提供的社会公共服务。对社区公共服务的含义进行探讨,不仅有利于社区公共服务实践的发展,也能够在一定意义上推动社区公共服务理论的发展;同时,社区公共服务概念的提出及其理论研究的发展,是在社会学、社会政策、社会工作、社区发展、公共管理等学科或理论界域内的本土化理论成果的具体体现。     

广州社区规划的探索与实践

社区规划是城市规划的重要内容。社区是城市的基本单元，社区发展直接影响到城市经济、社会的发展，因此城市规划要充分考虑社区的因素。本文探讨了城市规划与社区规划的关系，分析了社区规划的基本原则，并从宏观层面、巾观层面、微观层面、技术层面介绍了广州社区规划的特点。     

Psychosocial Assistance for Youth: Toward Reconstruction for Peace in Angola

Following decades of war, Angolan youth are at risk of continuing cycles of violence and need support in developing positive behaviors and social roles. Accordingly, a community-based program, conducted in Angola 1998–2001, taught youth life skills, provided peer support and peace education, educated adults about youth, and engaged youth as workers on community development projects. The main results included increased adult awareness of the situation and needs of youth, improved youth-adult relations, reduced perceptions of youth as troublemakers, reduced fighting between youth, increased community planning, and increased perceptions that youth make a positive contribution to the community. The results suggest that a dual focus on youth and community development contributes to peacebuilding and the disruption of cycles of violence.     

Changing society's DNA codes: Democracy and the global movement for community progress measures

This paper examines some critical issues and opportunities for democracy and public policy posed by the growth of the global progress measurement movement. From the democratic perspective, these include: citizen progress measurement as a form of democratic re‐engagement; the re‐examination of democracy and the development of new indicators to define and measure a ‘healthy’ democracy; and the demonstration of clear linkages between healthy regimes, and broader individual and societal wellbeing. In public policy, the global movement challenges two long dominant assumptions: the primacy of continuous economic growth as the key driver of wellbeing; and the ‘inevitability of progress‘. In their place, it offers a more holistic, integrated and nuanced model that recognises the interdependence of economic, social, cultural, environmental and democratic dimensions for genuine wellbeing, progress and sustainability. The paper reviews work in Australia over the past decade at both local community and national levels as examples of these trends, including the development of citizen‐engaged community planning and neighbourhood renewal schemes in which progress and wellbeing indicators play a central role; the development of state‐wide local progress measurement frameworks as part of a commitment to devolved planning and stronger local democracy; and the evolution of national progress measurement systems. The paper concludes with a proposal for a broad community engaged National Development Index (NDI) for Australia.     

论社区工作三大模式在我国的适应性

社区工作模式是社区工作实务的提炼和总结。目前社区发展、社会策划、社会行动三大社区工作模式广受关注的同时也被不断延用。但由于这三大模式来自于美国学者罗斯曼1979年对美国的社区工作实践经验的总结,并不是一套可以应用于不同场合及环境的固定模式,而是一套供工作者灵活运用的工作技巧。社区工作者如何针对我国的实际状况运用不同模式,有必要对社区三大工作模式进行比较和分析。     

民初北京“教育救济”述论

民国初年,北京社会各界开办了公众补习学校、半日学校和露天学校,以"教育救济"的方式,向失学民众提供文化教育。这些教育救济活动为失学民众开辟了一条接受知识的新途径,在提高民众素质、促进社会发展方面做出了有益的探索。     

协商民主视域下的政策议程设定

在目前中国的体制下,阻碍社会问题进入政策议程的因素主要有以下几个方面：政府主导型的议程设置模式、特殊利益集团对政策议程的不公平的干预、片面追求GDP的经济发展模式。这些因素只能导致社会问题的积蓄和扩大,不利于矛盾的解决。而作为决策形式的协商民主理论,强调公民参与的议程设定模式,体现公民参与的公平、效率、自由和安全,以保证公共政策所应有的价值和目标取向。     

新时期西安市社区发展规划初探

城市是一种人类聚居形态,城市住区规划也是城市规划中最重要的工作内容之一。随着我国社会主义市场经济体制的不断深化,社区建设成为近年来蓬勃兴起的一个新课题,但社区规划在我国缺乏系统的理论与方法指导。基于国内外社区规划的理论研究与实践的基础,初步构建了社区规划的技术路线与理论体系,并以西安市为目标进行实际调研,得出了一定结论及需要深入研究的问题。     

The influence of organizational and personal characteristics on community planning activity

The authors identify the influence of organizational and personal characteristics on the tendencies of community organizational workers in Israel to implement planning activities. The research examines these factors in relation to two planning styles, rational and organizational-political, and also distinguishes among factors influencing the tendency for implementation of each style. The principal findings indicate that the tendency of workers to implement rational activities is influenced by mechanical characteristics of the organization. On the other hand, the tendency of the workers to implement organizational-political activities is influenced significantly by organic characteristics--variety and conflict--with the organization. The frequency of use of both styles is influenced by professional education in community organization.     

社区教育经费投入的问题与原因分析

目前我国社区教育经费投入存在投入总量不足、人均经费较低、总体效率不高和投入不平衡等问题,其原因是多方面的.文章认为,建立与社区发展相协调的多元化投入渠道和保障机制,是确保社区教育稳定、持续发展的必由之路.     

Social development strategies of a non-governmental grassroots women's organisation in Nigeria

Social development initiatives of rural and poor urban women in Africa are efforts that redress the post-colonial economic development planning oversights of many African nations. Grass roots movements are responsive initiatives that have provided rural women with bottom-up management and planning opportunities focused on quality of life issues for themselves, their families, the community, and, ultimately, the nation. Since 1982, Country Women's Association of Nigeria (COWAN), a non-governmental organisation, has addressed the needs of rural and urban poor women through economic activities that have empowered them and increased their levels of self-sufficiency. With COWAN's emphasis on popular participation and indigenous leadership, macro-community development practices are employed, as is the recognition of individual and collective skills and talents. Social workers of today should be aware of commonalities that exists in the struggles of these and other Third World women, for their struggles are not unlike those of oppressed groups found in the USA and other developed countries.