志愿服务:和谐社会的集体意识——试析志愿服务意识及其成长模型

文章认为,志愿者精神是中国社会转型过程中产生的一种新的用来增强社会整合的集体意识。志愿服务意识的形成能对公众的行为起到有效的导向作用,但意识的深浅将导致行为走势的连锁反映,而有我利他的深层志愿服务意识更有利于志愿者行动的持久化。本文在对志愿服务意识的含义和类型进行分析的基础上,建构了志愿服务意识的成长模型。     

大学生志愿者社区服务的实践与反思

大学生志愿者社区服务是目前社区精神文明建设的重要途径。这一活动的深入开展,无论对大学生自身综合素质的提高还是社区功能的开发和利用都将有着十分重要的意义。当然,要使大学生志愿者社区服务在实践中产生应有的效果,就必须在实践活动过程中进行不断的总结和反思,以促进大学生个人、学校、社区与社会四者的协调运作。     

志愿服务:和谐社会的集体意识——试析志愿服务意识及其成长模型

文章认为,志愿者精神是中国社会转型过程中产生的一种新的用来增强社会整合的集体意识。志愿服务意识的形成能对公众的行为起到有效的导向作用,但意识的深浅将导致行为走势的连锁反映,而有我利他的深层志愿服务意识更有利于志愿者行动的持久化。本文在对志愿服务意识的含义和类型进行分析的基础上,建构了志愿服务意识的成长模型。     

Demographic and Welfare State Predictors of Out-of-Pocket Health Expenditures: A Path Analytic Model

ABSTRACT

Out-of-pocket (OOP) payments are principal components of financing healthcare and have a significant effect on poverty in numerous developing countries. The present study seeks to ascertain the relation among demographic, welfare state, and OOP health expenditure indicators using a path analysis. National representative household budget data from the Turkish Statistical Institute for 2015 were used. To test the goodness of fit of the model, multiple fit indices were utilized. The model fit for redefined path analytic model data was good (X²/df = 70.20/9 = 7.8; RMSEA = 0.032; GFI = 1.00; AGFI = 0.99; CFI = 0.99). The results of the analysis revealed that demographic and welfare indicators are causally related to OOP health expenditures, and income was a mediating factor for this interrelationship. Designing of socially inclusive policies on the basis of the values of equity is essential to combat poverty due to OOP health expenditures in developing countries.     

School and College Students' Attitudes Toward Military Service

Efforts to do away with the old conformity and uniformity in the organization of the educational process and to develop pedagogical creativity broadly have fostered the formation of didactic innovations in the mass practice of instruction. Among the most important conditions of effectiveness in pedagogical innovations we include that of enhancing the concern and preparedness of instructors to change their activities, selecting didactic innovations, and providing teachers and school administrators with information about new tools for transforming practice and about experience in their use. The realization of these conditions is within the powers of any pedagogical collective that is concerned for improving teaching-upbringing work.     

探讨西宁社区志愿服务的支持性因素

社区志愿服务是社区服务的重要组成部分,是构建和谐社会的重要内容,是加强公民道德建设,提高公民社会责任感的重要途径。对西宁社区志愿服务现状进行问题分析,尝试依托社会支持网络理论寻找社区志愿服务的支持性因素,以期构建起坚实有效的支援网络系统。     

志愿养老服务可持续发展内涵与实现路径

完善志愿养老服务发展机制是助力社会化养老服务体系建设的重要内容。本文在梳理志愿养老服务可持续发展内涵,分析志愿养老服务可持续发展内外部影响因素的基础上,从培育精神、落实意愿、完善制度、健全管理四方面提出了攻克瓶颈,促进志愿养老服务可持续发展的路径思考。     

Predictors of Children's Rights Attitudes and Psychological Well‐being Among Rural and Urban Mainland Chinese Adolescents

This study examined rural and urban Chinese adolescents’ (13–19 years, N = 395) attitudes toward children's self‐determination and nurturance rights, and how these attitudes relate to various dimensions of socialization in their family and school environments, including perceptions of parental and teacher autonomy support and responsiveness and family and school democratic climate. Relations between these variables and psychological well‐being also were examined. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that maternal responsiveness and teacher autonomy support predicted higher levels of endorsement of nurturance rights. Maternal autonomy support and tolerance of dissent at home predicted greater endorsement of self‐determination rights. Democratic climate in the home predicted higher life‐satisfaction and fewer depressive symptoms, even when parent and teacher autonomy support and responsiveness were controlled. Our findings suggest that environments that are structured more democratically and that are more responsive to children's autonomy needs are associated with higher levels of endorsement of children's rights and contribute to adolescents’ psychological health and well‐being in a non‐Western culture.     

志愿服务与强化高职院校学生学习内驱力的关系研究

志愿服务与强化高职院校学生学习内驱力关系密切,志愿服务能够深化思想引领、强化实践技能、促进职业认同,对于提升高职院校学生学习内驱力效果显著。因此高职院校应该格外注重学生志愿服务水平的提升,加强学生志愿服务育人体系的建设。可以将志愿服务融入高职院校思想引领、实践育人、文化育人、网络育人四项工程,致力于培养出满足社会需求、高素质、专业强的复合型人才。     

"一带一路"背景下开展留学生志愿服务活动的实践与探索

习近平总书记提出"一带一路"倡议后,"一带一路"沿线国家的来华留学生人数逐年增加.引导和组织留学生参加志愿服务活动不仅可以推动留学生自身的素质发展,更是为建立跨国培养和跨境流动的人才培养新机制,培养具有国际视野的高素质国际人才打下坚实的思想基础.该文在分析留学生参加志愿服务活动必要性的基础上,指出留学生参与志愿服务活动面临的问题,并就未来如何有效开展留学生志愿服务活动提出建议.     

Institutional Violations,Costs and Attitudes

The paper proposes an alternative approach to the ontology of social institutions by systematizing various normative institutional influences and identifying processes that distinguish between conforming and violating behaviour. The prevailing – cost-based model – suggests that an agent's conformity to a specific institutional rule can be represented by a single measure – cost. The model is limited in its explanatory potential since it accounts for varieties of institutional behaviour in terms of single parametrical changes in the agents' utilities. The central argument shows that normative attitudes represent a distinctive normative structure capable of explaining crucial aspects of institutional behaviour. These attitudinal aspects provide the structure necessary for understanding institutional normativity and its violations.     

Age,Tenure, Resources for Control,and Organizational Commitment*

Objectives. A higher level of organizational commitment for older and more experienced workers has primarily been explained via exchange theory or a cohort effect. We use an agency‐structure framework to explain that higher levels of commitment result from feelings of control in the workplace. Methods. We examine this framework using data from a survey of 400 unionized factory workers in the Midwest. Results. The relationship between organizational commitment and predictors is affected by worker career stage. Most significantly, the commitment for older and more experienced workers increases with high levels of autonomy, while the opposite is true for younger and less experienced workers. Conclusions. When workers experience greater control at the point of production, they express greater organizational commitment. Although empowering for older and experienced workers, having freedom at work can be threatening or destabilizing for the younger workers, who may prefer more guidance.     

Hypothesis, Faith, and Commitment: William James' Critique of Science

William James is remembered as the philosopher of pragmatism, but he was principally the founder of modern scientific psychology. During the period of his most intense scientific involvement James developed a trenchant critique of science. This was not a rejection of science but an attempt to identify limitations of the contemporary conceptualization of science. In particular, James emphasized the failure of science to understand its basis in human emotions. James developed a scientific theory of emotions in which the importance of emotion in cognition and decision-making is central. James' appreciation of the significance of emotions in science has continuing value. Nevertheless, his characterization of science in terms of its method introduces tensions in his account that an emphasis on the social dimensions of science, which he implicitly acknowledged, tends to resolve.     

Housing,Demographic Change and the Private Rental Sector

Housing policy and provision in Australia are primarily oriented towards meeting the needs of the traditional nuclear family household. Households who cannot afford to buy their own home and are not eligible for public housing have no alternative but to rent in the private sector. Many of these households are single headed, groups, unemployed or on low-incomes. However, even in the private rental sector family households are favoured by landlords and estate agents and gain access to the better standard accommodation. Flexible and innovative policies in the public sector are urgently needed to meet the housing needs of the growing number of non-nuclear family households.     

Demographic Transition,Developmentalism and Social Security in China

This article studies the current demographic transition in China and its implications on the country's social welfare reform, particularly its Old Age Social Security (OASS) development. The developmental approach is analyzed to examine how developmentalism affects China's social welfare reform. Reviewing the historical development of the OASS system after the 1980s, this article discusses the major issues and concerns under the current system and the challenges it faces for future development. Further studies are called upon to address these issues in order to build a financially sound and socially equitable welfare system in China.     

Contemporary Music,Drug Attitudes and Drug Behaviour

Over 400 secondary school students and 50 contemporary musicians were interviewed or tested in a study of the relationship between ‘pop’ and drug attitudes and practices. In an analysis of students' musical preferences, ‘Blues’, ‘Folk’ and ‘Country’ factors were identifiable. Students—and also musicians—who preferred ‘Blues’ tended to be more attracted by such drugs as LSD, speed and tobacco than did the other students. There was little agreement between students as to the meaning of particular pop numbers.     

Reconsidering the Marielito Legacy: Race/Ethnicity,Nativity, and Homicide Motives*

Objective. This article investigates how race/ethnicity is associated with specific types of violent crime such as killings between intimates, robbery homicide, or drug‐related killings. We extend the study of the role of race and ethnicity for violence by examining five ethnic/immigrant groups, including the Mariel Cubans—a group singled out by many as particularly drug‐crime‐prone. Methods. Using 1980 through 1990 homicide data for the City of Miami, we use multinomial logistic regression to examine the association between race/ethnicity, nativity, and several types of homicide motives. Results. Contrary to popular expectations, ethnicity and immigration status rarely play a role in the types of homicide involvement of victims or violators. Incident characteristics, such as multiple offenders, or gender and age, were consistently more important influences in shaping homicide circumstances. Conclusions. The analyses revealed few significant relationships between immigration status and homicide motives, suggesting that immigrant groups like the Marielitos have more in common with native groups' experiences of criminal violence than is commonly assumed.