道德社会学

道德社会学是一种专业社会学理论,它研究道德发挥功能的规律和不同社会层次上的道德实践.它的研究客体是个人、集体和其他社会同一性.道德社会学的方法论基础是认识道德过程的和道德现象的辩证唯物论原则、对待道德生活现象的具体历史方法、阶级方法、系统方法和综合方法.道德社会学研究道德系统的形成及其功能的发挥,道德过程以及对这一过程进行管理的条件的形成、建立和发展;它详细分析集体和其他社会集团的道德状况的最佳模式,揭示个人、集体和其他社会同一性的道德文化的状况及其完善途径.道德社会学的一个重要任务就     

社会道德调控应注意把握的几个问题

道德调控作为维持社会秩序、实现社会稳定的社会管理行为,它具有恒常性和广泛性、层次性和递进性、正面性和自觉性的特点,并同人类社会共始终。因此,道德调控对个体道德行为、道德心理的形成和发展、道德人格的塑造具有重要的规范作用。鉴于我国目前正处于社会转型期,应客观评价道德调控的功能和作用,消除泛道德主义的影响;努力构建良性的社会道德保障机制;准确把握“应当”、“正当”和“不应当”的维度,给道德以正确的社会定位;道德调控应以“官德”为先,才能真正实现道德平等。     

整合营销传播的价值定位

整合营销传播的功能是将企业的信息传递给消费者,并使其从中描述企业形象、开始认知、决定消费的过程。从价值论的基础上给整合营销传播以科学的定位,包括价值体系构成定位、价值评价定位、价值实践基础定位,能使企业在对整合营销传播充分认知的基础上,发挥各种传播战略技能有机整合的功能以及自组织机制的作用,保持传播信息持续和效果的最大化。鉴于我国相当一部分企业在整合营销传播实践中存在的价值观念缺位、协同价值失衡和价值选择上的盲目性,为实现理想的传播效果,应进一步明确整合营销传播的目的、要求和检验标准;结合企业实际,逐步提高整合的档次。     

艺术能拯救我们吗?——关于伽达默尔的沉思

一众所周知,西方文化已面临道德的危机。传统道德体系崩溃后,出现了社会功能角色的空缺。有鉴于此,有人提出了补救的方案:以审美(艺术经验)来代替从前的道德体系。这一方案的独特之处在于,它不是从超道德的源泉中寻找道德价值。这并不是说,审美价值能解决一切问题,而是说,审美本身可以作为道德价值的一个价值之源。     

论道德图式

本文认为,道德图式是个体参与社会道德生活的内在制约机制,研究道德图式能揭示个体领悟道德内涵的心理基础和升华道德境界的运行轨迹。本文把道德图式界定为若干具有价值向性的道德意识单元的有机组合,各个道德意识单元以一个统一的整体存在于人的意识中,道德图式具有过滤功能、解释功能和定向功能。道德图式的演化有历时性和共时性两种类型,从历时性角度看,道德图式的发展要经历完全他律、低级自律和高级自律三个阶段。从共时性角度看,道德图式的转换可以是部分的、非根本性的、也可以是整体的、根本性的。     

感恩教育——加强和改进未成年人思想道德教育的有效载体

感恩教育载体,即"以感恩教育为载体"之意,也就是指教育者通过对未成年人进行感恩教育这一途径,向来成年人传播丰富、正确、生动的思想道德教育信息,引导未成年人发现生活中人、事、物的美好和价值,唤起未成年人对自然、社会和他人的一种认同和感激,形成和提高未成年人的道德认知、情感和行为的一种思想道德教育形式.本文就感恩教育载体的基本内涵、特征及其运用谈一点个人的拙见.     

论信息传播的道德过滤

通过互联网进行的信息传播 ,较之以往的信息传播具有更大的自由性。虽然不能再像以往那样实行过于严厉的信息传播管制 ,但仍然有必要对信息传播予以一定的道德限制。道德过滤是公共信息通道中的外在道德限制 ,尽管它由于具有外在性、他律性而不同于信息传播主体的自我道德限制 ,但却可以弥补信息传播主体的道德自律之不足 ,并能够促进道德自律的形成。构建道德过滤的一般模式 ,应当充分考虑分级、分类、分圈这三方面的要求     

马克思主义教育创新的时代坐标

从高等教育培育人才、传承文明和服务社会的三维功能结构出发,论析了马克思主义教育创新的时代坐标,进而指出培育创新人才是马克思主义教育创新的主体定位,高扬时代精神是马克思主义教育创新的文化定位,关注社会生活是马克思主义教育创新的实践定位。培育创新人才、高扬时代精神和关注社会生活,构成了马克思主义教育创新的三维坐标,也展示了全面推进马克思主义教育创新的三大维度。     

当代社会伦理生活种种疏离现象的现场拷问——清明世界与正派社会本真性道德生存之思

一个多种文化与价值差异化并存的转型化社会,共同体的道德生活因不同道德生活理念和主张共在、共生所造成的复杂博弈化现实,必然会出现程度不同的＂道德疏离＂现象。此种疏离反映的是非成熟性、非规范性、非健全性市场社会真实的社群共同体严重阙如的情况下,制度道德理性存在和功能自身所固有之有限现实表现。属人社会中的种种非道德现象、反道德现象以及逆道德现象的出现,根源在于社会肌体自身,在于组成这一有机体的每一个个体德性的严重不足自身。社会本真性道德存在,吁求并遵循的是现代清明世界与＂正派社会＂的生命伦理与个体生存至上的道德价值逻辑。     

论人在道德发展中的主体作用

本文通过对道德的本质、人与道德的关系以及人在道德发展中的作用的阐述,指出道德的本质不是外在于人的,它是围绕人来旋转的,与人同在,道德永远把人看成主体和目的。作者认为,道德作为人的创造,一旦产生,便同人形成了对立统一关系。作为道德的创造者,人当然是主体;但它一经产生并形成道德律令体系后又有相对独立性,以此规范人的行为,人又变成客体。这一现象就掩盖了一些人对道德的本质的认识,仿佛人不是道德的主体和目的,人在道德面前不是自我肯定,而是不断否定,不是自律而只能是他律。古往今来这种把道德本质仅仅归结为规范的认识实际上是理智的迷误。人是道德主体,人的道德最终指向是个性全面自由的发展,于是人就以个性发展为坐标不断地摒弃旧道德,创造新道德。这种道德心理制约着人类道德的进步与发展,一直伴随着人类进入理想社会。     

“新闻是如何可能的”：现代新闻话语生产的形式与逻辑

作为普遍观念中的权利“载体”,新闻话语的功能价值研究受到学界的格外关注,却遮蔽了对其生产形式的澄清。实际上,“新闻话语”与“话语”关系紧密相连,从社会生产的角度看,新闻话语提供日常生活事实上的意义架构与实践批判,通过职业报道和非职业形式维系了民主制度下的信息流通;从话语历史的角度看,新闻生产表征“权力与权利”在启蒙与技术社会的直接博弈,渗透了不同社会情境下媒介组织规则与人的主体性的控制与反制。深入新闻话语生产的构成形式,观察它的生产主体和内在要素,对于反思和延展“新闻是如何可能的”这一理论命题将有着重要的分析价值。     

Journalists as first responders

ABSTRACT

Covering terrorist attacks has posed numerous challenges to mainstream media across the world. Bringing information to the public quickly remains a primary goal for news media, but the journalistic duty to tell the truth comes with an increased responsibility for the accuracy of reports. When news is broken by civilian eyewitnesses and is posted by social media before it has even gone through the barest of verification checks, news media editors struggle to fulfil the task of informing the public while reporting on stories that hold the potential to alarm the audience. This paper offers some insights into the ways the New Zealand news media organised reporting on the March 15th terrorist attack in Christchurch. Based on face-to-face interviews with selected editors of major news organisations in New Zealand, it investigates the ways they operated in this situation. It explores key moments in editorial decision making on 15 March 2019, the first day of coverage of the terrorist attack. It focuses on the ‘first responder’ elements of news media work – speed and accuracy in providing information about the mosque attacks – to identify how journalistic norms are adapted and changed to report this breaking news.     

媒体如何体现人文关怀——以《北京青年报》的报导为例

报道新闻是媒体的第一要义。提倡以人为本的人文关怀精神是提升媒体亲和力的重要手段之一。在新闻报道中渗透人文关怀是传媒成为社会系统中良性粘合剂的内在要求。只有将人文关怀渗透到报道的各个层面,才能最终达到增强媒体亲和力的目的。本文将以《北京青年报》的报道为例,探索媒体人文关怀现状与发展的原因和媒体加强人文关怀的手段等。     

略论慈善事业的道德功能

慈善事业的道德性表现在:从本义看,追求善良是慈善事业的核心价值;从文化根源看,慈善蕴含着丰富的道德思想;从内容和特征看,慈善事业彰显人类的高尚道德情怀。慈善事业具有多维道德功能,从协调和激励两个角度看,基于爱和社会责任的慈善事业,不仅具有调节社会收入分配差距,调节人际关系的功能,而且具有提升个人境界与社会风尚的功能。当前,充分发挥慈善事业的道德功能的主要途径是培育现代慈善意识,扩大爱心容量;鼓励富豪慈善,发挥调节功能;引导全民慈善,发挥提升功能。     

An Experimental Test of the Effects of Fictional Framing on Attitudes*

Objectives. Most studies of media effects in political communication focus on news media. A smaller body of work extends theories of news media effects to fictional entertainment media. Just as news media engage in priming and agenda setting, these studies suggest that fictional media do as well. In this study, we deal with fictional media's framing of issues. No research has sought to test the effects of framing in explicitly fictional media on political opinions. We develop the outlines of a theory we call “fictional framing” and test it in an experiment. Methods. Participants in our treatment group watched the film Cider House Rules. The movie frames the issue of abortion in the case of incest in a pro‐choice way, and frames morality in terms of following one's own conscience. Results. The film influenced opinions in ways consistent with the framing of these issues. Conclusions. Since abortion opinions and moral values tend to be entrenched, we consider this a strong first test of the effects of fictional framing.     

论公民道德建设与社会控制机制

公民道德建设不但是贯彻以德治国的具体举措,而且是社会转型期维护社会稳定的重要手段。道德控制是与制度化控制相辅相成的有利的社会控制手段,它在社会控制中的作用是由其不同于制度化控制的特点决定的:它是“人类精神的自律”、重在引导激励人们的行为、直接关注行为者的精神世界,可起到消除违规观念、防止越轨行为发生的作用。运用道德建设方式加强社会控制,必须从基础道德建设入手、消除妨碍公民道德建设的不利因素、创造良好的社会和社区氛围。     

News media and the Muslim identity after the Christchurch mosque massacres

ABSTRACT

This article discusses news about Muslims via one researcher’s social media news feeds after the Christchurch tragedy. Using intercultural and Islamic communication theories, the contents of several news stories are analysed for their contribution to the Muslim person’s identity. Findings reveal four main categories: Muslim women and hijab; religion and terrorism; media, government, democracy and the politics of oppression; and representation of the Muslim voice. Substantial news content also depicts peace, love and forgiveness in its presentation of the human angle in New Zealand media. There is a significant shift from the negative othering rhetoric of international media to an inclusive national approach in the tone of the New Zealand press. However, Muslim narratives reveal that structural discrimination and systemic oppression do exist and pose safety and identity challenges. While news continues to divide and unite people depending on the press agenda, their depictions of Islam and Muslims have potentially major influences and serious consequences on the Muslim person’s identity within the local and global Muslim communities.     

Moral dialogs

Moral dialogs are social processes through which people form new shared moral understandings. They differ from reasoned deliberations because they are focused on values and not on facts, logic or reason. They differ from irrational passions because value statements require moral justifications. Such dialogs take place not just in families and communities, but often on national levels and sometimes even on transnational ones. They played a core role in major societal changes brought about by social movements, such as those that advanced civil rights, women's rights, and the protection of the environment. Most importantly, when successfully concluded, moral dialogs affect not just attitudes and values, but also voluntary behavior as well as laws. Although dialogs may differ greatly in their normative content, they have the same basic sociological format and follow the same basic ‘natural history.’ The article introduces the author's conception of what constitutes moral dialogs by drawing on available evidence, and provides a framework for additional research on the subject at hand.     

Social Work and the News Media: A Hopeless Case?

Correspondence to Meryl Aldridge, Department of Social Policy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD. Summary The belief that the profession gets unusually poor news mediatreatment is entrenched among social workers. As a result, thesocial work press regularly prints articles discussing the issueand suggesting solutions. This paper outlines the main sociologicalapproaches to theorizing about the media and locates the majorityof the profession's own accounts of its coverage within an idealist/pluralistmodel. Examples of positive presentation of social work arethen considered, but it is argued that many of these come fromlocal media. Approving items in the national press have beenlinked mainly with disasters and with the work of voluntaryagencies. Given the search for profit in a consumption-led society,it is unlikely that national news media, particularly the press,will fully endorse social work as it delivers state welfare.Attempts by social work agencies and professional institutionsto re-educate the media can have only limited success and shouldbe more carefully targeted.     

试论现代新闻中的平民精神

在现代新闻中,平民精神日益突出.即老百姓日渐成为新闻的主要采写对象,新闻越来越多地在为老百姓说话.对新闻媒体而言,平民精神使其更加深入人心.对于新闻工作者而言,要使新闻回归生活,平民精神是最重要的体现.新闻工作者只有敏锐地观察生活,才能采写出深受老百姓欢迎的新闻作品.