建立企业竞争优势的知识管理框架

从知识的角度以及基于知识的企业理论出发,分析和论述了企业如何建立持续竞争优势的知识管理框架.同时分析和论述了为什么成功的企业知识管理需要一个知识共享型的文化以及企业建立和实施知识管理的步骤和如何确保知识管理战略成为企业长期持续竞争优势的基础.     

基于知识的企业竞争优势的形成

本文基于知识理论来解析企业竞争优势的源泉。通过对企业竞争优势理论的探源,并从知识与经济租金和核心竞争力方面分析了知识与企业持续竞争优势形成之间的关系,论证了知识是企业获取持续竞争优势的最终基础,构建了基于知识的企业竞争优势模型。     

企业持续竞争优势的资源观阐释

资源、能力、知识是三个内涵不完全相同的概念,但它们是紧密相连的,在企业价值(租金)创造的过程中它们同时起了决定性的作用。企业竞争优势的获取依赖于资源、能力和知识,但它们并不必然地促使竞争优势持续下去。为此,本文归纳了与持续竞争优势相关的若干资源特性及条件。文章最后指出资源观正将资源的内涵外延扩大化,这从一定程度上进一步丰富和完善了持续竞争优势模型。     

将知识管理纳入企业战略

分析了知识管理的渊源,论述了将知识管理纳入企业战略的可能性,提出了基于知识的企业持续竞争优势框架。     

企业知识流管理的价值及对策研究

在知识经济时代下,知识成为企业保持持续竞争力的重要资源.由于知识的更新速度不断加快,企业自身所拥有的知识有限,为保持竞争优势,企业通过知识流动,不断吸纳和创造新知识.企业实施知识流管理日益成为企业提高竞争力的重要手段和途径.     

论企业战略联盟的知识转移

知识是企业持续竞争优势的重要来源,而战略联盟的出现为企业提供了知识获得和转移的有效途径。通过对企业战略联盟的演化和企业知识的特点论述,说明知识转移对于企业战略联盟的重要性,并分析了知识转移的过程和转移中的障碍因素,同时给出了若干促进联盟内知识转移的有效措施。     

企业核心能力的内涵与本质

本文从知识观、资源观、技术观、组织与系统观、文化观等角度探讨了企业核心能力的内涵。在此基础上,分析了企业核心能力的本质。提出企业要获取持续竞争优势,应通过不断的知识的积累和激活,提高企业核心能力     

连锁董事在企业集团知识扩散中的作用分析

在科学技术取得巨大进步的推动下,社会经济形态已经过渡到知识经济时代,知识成为企业最重要的战略性资源,企业的竞争性优势已不再仅仅通过充足的自然资源和产品生产来衡量.知识成为企业持续竞争优势的唯一源泉,而在知识扩散中,连锁董事起到了举足轻重的作用,他们为企业带来了先进的经验和值得借鉴的教训,让企业集团能够更快更好地发展壮大.本文在借鉴相关研究成果的基础上,致力于分析连锁董事在企业集团知识扩散中所起的作用,并试图给出一定的路径分析.     

企业知识整合力模型构建及内在机制分析

知识高效整合是企业获得持续竞争优势的关键,是实现企业知识创造和技术创新的核心环节.本文在较系统地分析了企业知识整合的内涵、特征和主要构成要素的基础上,构建了知识整合力与相关影响因素之间的关系模型,并对其进行剖析,进而较深刻地揭示了企业知识整合力的内在机制.     

基于知识管理的企业创新能力思考

当今社会已进入信息时代,随着科学技术的迅猛发展,各行各业的竞争日益加剧,而企业能否在激烈的竞争中获取一席之地,关乎到自身能否进一步发展和更好地生存。企业如果想在竞争中立于不败之地就离不开创新,只有创新才能形成自身的竞争优势,而要保持长期的竞争优势就需要坚持持续创新。从世界上取得成功的企业的经验可以知道,他们成功的奥秘除了具有很强的创新能力外,同时还十分重视并认真实施了对企业的知识管理。     

Leveraging tacit knowledge in alliances: The importance of using relational capabilities to build and leverage relational capital

Effectively managing existing tacit knowledge stocks and transferring knowledge between partners contributes to firm capabilities that allow them to differentiate their goods and services from those of their competitors. Because it also helps them to provide greater value to customers, it contributes to the development of a competitive advantage. In highly competitive industries, firms need to focus on proactively managing their knowledge resources to ensure survival. However, the knowledge management process is at times complex especially because of the difficulty involved in conveying tacit knowledge. Due to its latent potential for enabling firms to achieve potential competitive advantage, how firms utilize and transfer stocks of tacit knowledge requires enhanced understanding. In specific, we explain how firms use relational capabilities to build relational capital with partners. In turn, relational capital facilitates the transfer of tacit knowledge between collaborating partners. We develop several propositions regarding the factors likely to influence the transfer of a firm's tacit knowledge resources in strategic alliances. The importance of social capital's relational dimension, relational capital, in this process is highlighted.     

知识管理战略、组织能力与绩效的关系实证研究

本文在文献研究的基础上归纳出描述和测量知识管理战略的六个主要维度:外部导向、内部导向、显性导向、隐性导向、探索导向和利用导向.基于397家中国企业的问卷调查所得数据,本文检验了知识管理战略、组织能力和企业绩效三者的关系,发现知识管理战略能显著地提升组织能力,而组织能力对企业绩效有显著的促进作用,组织能力在知识管理战略与企业绩效的关系中起完全中介作用.     

The Learning Square: Four Domains that Impact on Strategy

In the search for strategic competitive advantage, the importance of learning and knowledge is increasingly recognized. In this paper, we identify four domains synthesized from the literature – multi-dimensional goals, using tacit knowledge, continual learning, and shared vision – that impact upon and provide a framework for developing strategy. Three themes are drawn from learning organization literature linking to a fourth from strategy literature. These domains are brought together in a holistic model proposed for use by managers in evaluating and developing strategy –'The Learning Square'.     

Communities, alliances, networks and knowledge in multinational firms: A micro-analytic framework

We develop a model of the micro-process of knowledge acquisition, dissemination, and application in the networks of alliances that have become important sources of external knowledge for multinational firms. Based on the concept of communities of practice as sources of highly tacit know-how, this model addresses the use of alliances with local partners to acquire tacit knowledge on a sub-unit level and to then share this knowledge throughout the firm via an internal network of community-level alliances. We suggest that the supposed advantage of multinational firms in accessing and reconstituting knowledge from widely spread sources is composed of multiple micro-processes at sub-unit levels, and therefore much more complex than usually presented.     

Learning How and Learning What: Effects of Tacit and Codified Knowledge on Performance Improvement Following Technology Adoption

This paper examines effects of tacit and codified knowledge on performance improvement as organizations gain experience with a new technology. We draw from knowledge management and learning curve research to predict improvement rate heterogeneity across organizations. We first note that the same technology can present opportunities for improvement along more than one dimension, such as efficiency and breadth of use. We compare improvement for two dimensions: one in which the acquisition of codified knowledge leads to improvement and another in which improvement requires tacit knowledge. We hypothesize that improvement rates across organizations will be more heterogeneous for dimensions of performance that rely on tacit knowledge than for those that rely on codified knowledge (H1), and that group membership stability predicts improvement rates for dimensions relying on tacit knowledge (H2). We further hypothesize that when performance relies on codified knowledge, later adopters should improve more quickly than earlier adopters (H3). All three hypotheses are supported in a study of 15 hospitals learning to use a new surgical technology. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.     

Uncertainty,pluralism, and the knowledge-based theory of the firm: From J.-C. Spender’s contribution to a socio-cognitive approach

J.-C. Spender’s award-winning, knowledge-based theory of the firm is based on four premises: (1) The firm can be sufficiently understood as a system of knowledge, (2) explicit and implicit knowing can be clearly dissociated, (3) organizations are conceived as cognizing entities, and (4) intuition shaped by shared cultural practices is a superior source of managerial knowledge. This line of reasoning represents a social constructionist view of the enactment, transfer, and storage of knowledge according to which managerial knowledge is largely tacitly shaped by industry recipes and the firm’s socio-cultural conventions and other social processes. Although comprehensive in scope, we argue that a knowledge-based theory of the firm needs to integrate a cognitivist approach that includes the synergetic production of tacit and explicit knowledge, the role of reflective thinking in resolving strategic uncertainties, and the interaction between the individual and the social. This socio-cognitive theory of the firm posits that sustained competitive advantage of a firm is founded on the ability to align knowledge internally within the firm as well as externally with its stakeholders through the individual sense-making of feedback from other individuals.     

组织网络隐性知识扩散及学习策略分析

知识主要以显性知识和隐性知识两种方式存在,隐性知识是组织获得竞争优势的主要源泉.隐性知识为组织个体所拥有,这种私有性的特征使其在组织内部的扩散需要通过组织个体之间的交互才能完成.组织网络连接强度对扩散具有影响,可利用具有边权重的组织网络研究隐性知识的扩散行为.在分析隐性知识和相关扩散特点的基础上,基于组织成员之间的关系网络和小世界网络模型,建立组织网络上的知识扩散模型.根据认识论的观点,提出个体3种知识学习策略,结合知识扩散模型进行计算仿真实验.仿真结果显示,综合考虑关系和知识差别的知识学习策略最有效,不考虑连接强度下的各种策略都具有较快的知识学习速率,并且连接强度对组织内隐性知识扩散具有明显的作用.     

网络经济时代的商务模式变革与知识管理

企业组织基于信息的竞争优势正向基于知识创造的优势转移,如何根据商务环境的变化调整战略和商务模式是所有企业组织在跨入网络经济必然面对的课题。分析了近几十年来商务模式的发展和变革,指出了其最新形式--知识管理认识和实践上的误区,并综合阐述了如何根据电子商务战略实施知识管理,通过结合数据、信息技术的处理能力和人的创造、创新能力来提高组织在非连续性变化环境中的生存能力、创新能力和竞争能力。     

Rethinking Knowledge: A Bergsonian Critique of the Notion of Tacit Knowledge*

The recent focus on the intangible resources of the organization in general, and specifically the notion of knowledge, has problematized the notion of organization. Rather than seeing organizations as systems that integrate the use of all kinds of physical, financial and human resources, the knowledge‐based view (KBV) of the firm and knowledge management literature emphasize the organization as a site for the development, use of and dissemination of knowledge and other forms of intellectual resources and assets. KBV and knowledge management literature also address the notion of knowledge as such; is knowledge what can be represented by concepts, figures, and statistics, or are there qualities inherent in knowledge that cannot easily be described, disseminated, or procured? The notion of tacit knowledge has been used to denote all forms of knowledge that cannot be represented: knowledge that cannot be fully articulated, expressed in formulas or described in documents. This paper aims to provide a critique of the notion of tacit knowledge as it is used in KBV and knowledge management literature. It examines the notion of tacit knowledge through the philosophy of Henri Bergson and concludes that the notion of tacit knowledge is little more than an umbrella term for unrepresentable knowledge. Thus, the notion of tacit knowledge should be used with care rather than being a residual category of knowledge.