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1.
Miller NV Currie SR 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2008,24(3):257-274
Using population data (N = 11,562) drawn from five Canadian gambling prevalence surveys conducted between 2000 and 2005, the current study investigated
the relationship between irrational gambling cognitions and risky gambling practices upon (a) gambling intensity, as measured
by percent of income spent on gambling and (b) tolerance, a diagnostic indicator of pathological gambling. First, we found
irrational gambling cognitions and risky gambling practices to be positively related. Second, irrational gambling cognitions
moderated the relationship between risky gambling practices and gambling intensity. Specifically, people engaging in risky
practices, spent less of their income on gambling when they had fewer irrational gambling cognitions compared to those with
more irrational cognitions. Third, irrational gambling cognitions moderated the relationship between risky gambling practices
and tolerance. Of the people engaging in risky practices, those with no irrational cognitions reported lower levels of tolerance
than those with at least one irrational cognition. Interactions with gender are reported and discussed. These findings demonstrate
the importance of both gambling cognitions and gambling practices upon the intensity of gambling and pathological gambling.
相似文献
Shawn R. CurrieEmail: |
2.
Lakey CE Goodie AS Campbell WK 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2007,23(3):285-297
The current investigation examined performance on two laboratory-based gambling tasks, the Georgia Gambling Task (GGT; Goodie,
2003. The effects of control on betting: Paradoxical betting on items of high confidence with low value. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 29, 598–610) and the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT; Bechara, Damasio, Damasio, & Anderson, 1994. Insensitivity to future consequences
following damage to human prefrontal cortex. Cognition, 50, 7–15), as well as self-reported markers of gambling pathology using the Diagnostic Interview for Gambling Severity (DIGS;
Winters, Specker, & Stinchfield, 2002. The downside: Problem and pathological gambling (pp. 143–148). Reno, NV: University of Nevada, Reno) among a sample of undergraduate students who are frequent card players.
Two hundred twenty-one participants (55 female and 166 male; mean age 19.21 years) who self-classified as playing cards at
least once per month completed these measures. Performance on GGT and IGT systematically related to gambling-related pathology
in several ways. Overconfidence and bet acceptance on the GGT, and myopic focus on reward on the IGT, predicted gambling related
pathology. GGT and IGT performance correlated with each other, but both contributed independently to predicting gambling pathology.
Card playing frequency predicted gambling pathology but not GGT or IGT performance. Discussion focuses on the role of biases
of judgment and risky decision making in pathological gambling. 相似文献
3.
Lakey CE Goodie AS Lance CE Stinchfield R Winters KC 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2007,23(4):479-498
We examined the DSM-IV criteria for pathological gambling as assessed with the DSM-IV-based Diagnostic Interview for Gambling Severity (DIGS; Winters, Specker, & Stinchfield, 2002). We first analyzed the psychometric properties of the DIGS, and then assessed the extent to which performance on two judgment and decision-making tasks, the Georgia Gambling Task (Goodie, 2003) and the Iowa Gambling Task (Bechara, Damasio, Damasio, & Anderson, 1994), related to higher reports of gambling pathology. In a sample of frequent gamblers, we found strong psychometric support for the DSM-IV conception of pathological gambling as measured by the DIGS, predictive relationships between DIGS scores and all cognitive performance measures, and significant differences in performance measures between individuals with and without pathological gambling. Analyses using suggested revisions to the pathological gambling threshold (Stinchfield, 2003) revealed that individuals meeting four of the DSM-IV criteria aligned significantly more with pathological gamblers than with non-pathological gamblers, supporting the suggested change in the cutoff score from five to four symptoms. Discussion focuses on the validity of the DSM-IV criteria as assessed by the DIGS and the role of cognitive biases in pathological gambling. 相似文献
4.
LaBrie RA LaPlante DA Nelson SE Schumann A Shaffer HJ 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2007,23(3):347-362
Internet gambling is growing rapidly, as is concern about its possible effect on the public’s health. This paper reports the
results of the first prospective longitudinal study of actual Internet sports gambling behavior during eight study months.
Data include recorded fixed-odds bets on the outcome of sporting contests and live-action bets on the outcome of events within
contests for 40,499 Internet sports gambling service subscribers who enrolled during February 2005. We tracked the following
primary gambling behaviors: daily totals of the number of bets made, money bet, and money won. We transformed these variables
into measures of gambling involvement. We analyzed behavior for both fixed-odds and live-action bets. The median betting behavior
of the 39,719 fixed-odds bettors was to place 2.5 bets of €4 (approximately $5.3 US) every fourth day during the median 4 months
from first to last bet. This typical pattern incurred a loss of 29% of the amount wagered. The median betting behavior of
the 24,794 live-action bettors was to place 2.8 wagers of €4 every fourth day during the median duration of 6 weeks at a loss
of 18% of the amount wagered. We also examined the behavior of empirically determined groups of heavily involved bettors whose
activity exceeded that of 99% of the sample. 相似文献
5.
Nicki Dowling David Smith Trang Thomas 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2009,25(2):201-214
The current study aimed to provide a preliminary evaluation of the differential efficacy of a cognitive-behavioural treatment
program for female pathological gamblers delivered with the goals of abstinence or controlled gambling. The findings were
based on the comparison of pathological gamblers selecting abstinence and pathological gamblers selecting controlled gambling
on measures of gambling behaviour and psychological functioning. The findings revealed that pathological gamblers selecting
controlled gambling displayed comparable levels of improvement to those displayed by gamblers selecting abstinence. Using
a treatment completer approach, 89% of the gamblers selecting abstinence compared with 82% selecting controlled gambling no
longer satisfied the diagnostic criteria for pathological gambling by the completion of the 6-month follow-up period. Although
further scientific demonstration is required, the findings of this study provide preliminary support for the practice of offering
controlled gambling as an alternative goal in the treatment of pathological gambling. 相似文献
6.
Dowling N Smith D Thomas T 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2006,22(4):355-372
Given that a substantial proportion of current pathological gamblers are female, it is evident that women are underrepresented in the treatment outcome literature. The current study was designed to redress the limited information on the treatment of female pathological gambling. Although the use of cognitive-behavioural therapy is the most highly recommended approach as ‘best practice’ for the treatment of pathological gambling, no attempt to date has been made to evaluate the efficacy of this approach for female pathological gambling. Nineteen female pathological gamblers with electronic gaming machine problems were treated with a cognitive-behavioural program. While pathological gamblers placed on a waiting list did not show significant improvement on gambling behaviour and psychological functioning measures, the female pathological gamblers showed significant improvement on these measures over the treatment period, and maintained this improvement at the 6-month follow-up evaluation. By the completion of the follow-up period, 89% of participants no longer met diagnostic criteria for pathological gambling. Although further scientific demonstration and replication are required, the outcomes of this study indicate that the therapy that is considered ‘best practice’ in the treatment of pathological gambling is effective for female pathological gambling. 相似文献
7.
Lam D 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2006,22(3):305-320
Gambling is now a popular legal activity among people around the world. Despite numerous studies on individuals’ gambling behavior, few researchers examine the influence of religiosity on gambling participation. This study investigated the effect of religiosity, measured in terms of frequency of religious participation and importance of faith, on gambling participation across four different types of games: casino, track, lottery, and bingo. Using data collected by the National Gambling Impact Study Commission in 1999, the study found that there was indeed a significant difference in the frequency of religious participation between gamblers and non-gamblers. Moreover, it seemed like the more types of games one played, the lower was their frequency of religious participation. The importance of faith, however, did not seem to have a significant impact on gambling participation. The implications of these findings to businesses and public policy makers were discussed. 相似文献
8.
Stucki S Rihs-Middel M 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2007,23(3):245-257
Background Excessive gambling is a prominent Public Health problem with high prevalence rates in many countries. Substance abuse and
other co-morbidities often constitute a major health hazard for the person which gambles with a loss of material and social
resources, as well as being a major concern for his or her significant others. The present study updates and extends prevalence
data to include work published between 2000 and 2005 in English and other European languages.
Methods In a three-step search and exclusion process, studies with current adult prevalence rates were gathered.
Results Almost all studies fulfil basic research standards. The weighted mean prevalence rates for excessive gambling (problem and
pathological) are 3.0% for the South Oaks Gambling Survey (problem 1.2%; pathological 1.8%), 3.3% for the Canadian Problem
Gambling Index (problem 2.4%; pathological 0.8%) and 3.1% for the DSM-IV (problem 1.9%; pathological 1.2%).
Conclusion The prevalence rates are comparable and relatively stable between countries and across survey instruments, and do not differ
from earlier reviews. The regular epidemiological monitoring of excessive gambling remains a major Public Health issue although
the distinction between pathological and problem gambling is not appropriate for epidemiological research. Further studies
are needed with respect to concomitant lifestyle characteristics. 相似文献
9.
Wiebke Sander Anne Peters 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2009,25(2):253-262
The aim of this study is to understand the influence of psychological distress and quality of life on the maintenance of therapy
success during a 1 year follow-up in pathological gamblers after inpatient cognitive-behavioral treatment. In a sample of
281 pathological gamblers (247 men, 34 women) the following measures were taken: psychological distress (beginning and end
of treatment, and follow up), quality of life and abstinence from gambling. The results showed that relapsed pathological
gamblers suffer of higher psychological distress at discharge and of lower quality of life during follow-up than abstinent
gamblers. In a mediator analysis the causal relations between the three variables could be clarified: psychological distress
has an impact on abstinence during follow-up, and quality of life can be considered a mediator variable for the relation between
psychological distress and abstinence from pathological gambling. 相似文献
10.
Kaur I Schutte NS Thorsteinsson EB 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2006,22(4):405-411
This study investigated whether lower emotional intelligence would be related to less self-efficacy to control gambling and more problem gambling and whether gambling self-efficacy would mediate the relationship between emotional intelligence and problem gambling. A total of 117 participants, including 49 women and 68 men, with an average age of 39.93 (SD = 13.87), completed an emotional intelligence inventory, a gambling control self-efficacy scale, and a measure of problem gambling. Lower emotional intelligence was related to lower gambling self-efficacy and more problem gambling. Gambling control self-efficacy partially mediated the relationship between emotional intelligence and problem gambling. 相似文献
11.
Claude Boutin Nicole Tremblay Robert Ladouceur 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2009,25(3):317-330
At the beginning of 2000, some educational initiatives in the field of responsible gambling resulted in the implementation
of Onsite Casino Information Centres (OCICs). However, no study has yet empirically evaluated the impact of visiting an OCIC.
This paper includes two studies evaluating the OCIC Au Centre du Hasard, located in Montreal, Quebec. The goal of the first study was to identify the profile of the visitors and to assess their
appreciation. After a visit, 336 patrons accepted to complete a pen and paper questionnaire. The goal of the second study
was to evaluate the impact of a visit on the perceptions about randomness and the gambling behaviours of the visitors. For
this study, 67 visitors were evaluated before, after, and 3 months following a visit and their results were compared to a
control group. Data showed that most visitors were seniors, occasional slot machine gamblers, and in control of their gambling
activities. The majority of guests greatly appreciated their visit. A visit to Au Centre du Hasard seemed to modify the misconceptions towards the notion of randomness but not the gambling behaviours. These gains were maintained
at 3-month follow-up. Results with respect to other prevention programs are discussed, and future research avenues are suggested.
相似文献
Claude BoutinEmail: |
12.
Pille-Riin Kaare René Mõttus Kenn Konstabel 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2009,25(3):377-390
Due to changes in gambling accessibility during the last decade gambling has become more widespread in Estonia and the prevalence
of pathological gambling has sharply increased. The present study attempts to identify psychological characteristics of Estonian
pathological gamblers. It has been shown that a wide range of social, economic, and individual factors (e.g. personality traits
and emotional states) predict the likelihood of becoming a pathological gambler. In the present study, pathological gamblers’
(N = 33) personality traits, self-esteem, self-reported emotional states and cognitive ability were compared to the respective
characteristics in a non-gambling control group (N = 42) matched for age, gender and educational level. It was found that compared to controls, pathological gamblers had higher
scores on Neuroticism (especially on its immoderation facet) and lower scores on Conscientiousness (especially on its dutifulness
and cautiousness facets) and on self-esteem scale. They reported more negative emotional states during the previous month
(especially depression and anxiety). Finally, pathological gamblers had lower general cognitive ability. In a logistic regression
model, the likelihood of being a pathological gambler was best predicted by high immoderation score and low cognitive ability.
相似文献
Pille-Riin KaareEmail: |
13.
Jeffrey L. Derevensky Rina Gupta Hayley R. Baboushkin 《International Gambling Studies》2013,13(3):281-298
Research examining cognitive perceptions among children has suggested the importance of perceived skill and luck in initiating and maintaining gambling behavior. Using an experimentally manipulated gambling paradigm modifying rates of reinforcement the results suggest, in general, that one can modify these cognitions. More importantly, the results from the gambling task were found to generalize to multiple forms of gambling and were maintained over a relatively short period of time. The modifications of these perceptions appear to be easier for younger children (age 10 vs 12), with differential effects being found for boys and girls. The results are discussed in light of our current prevention initiatives and programs. 相似文献
14.
The Proxy Effect: Gender and Gambling Problem Trajectories of Iowa Gambling Treatment Program Participants 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Nelson SE Laplante DA Labrie RA Shaffer HJ 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2006,22(2):221-240
Recent research has found that men and women who end up in gambling treatment tend to follow different trajectories to that endpoint: women generally begin gambling later in life, but progress to problems and seek treatment more quickly. With women’s prevalence rates of gambling and disordered gambling increasing, it has become important to identify the causes and consequences of these trajectory differences. The current study used a sample of 2,256 gamblers enrolled in the Iowa Gambling Treatment Program to examine the relationship of gender and other demographic, economic and health-related (i.e., psychosocial) factors to empirically-identified gambling problem trajectories. The results indicated that gender made a statistically significant contribution to the prediction of trajectory, but increased predictive accuracy by only 1–2% beyond a model with psychosocial predictors. Gender’s contribution was limited to its relationship to age of initiation; men and women’s problem progression did not differ meaningfully once age of gambling initiation was taken into account. Gender is a unique contributor to the development of gambling problems among treatment seekers, but it is only one small part of the myriad psychosocial characteristics that influence gambling problem development.
相似文献
Sarah E. NelsonEmail: |
15.
Ziming Xuan Howard Shaffer 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2009,25(2):239-252
Objective: To examine behavioral patterns of actual Internet gamblers who experienced gambling-related problems and voluntarily closed
their accounts. Design: A nested case–control design was used to compare gamblers who closed their accounts because of gambling problems to those
who maintained open accounts. Setting: Actual play patterns of in vivo Internet gamblers who subscribed to an Internet gambling site. Participants: 226 gamblers who closed accounts due to gambling problems were selected from a cohort of 47,603 Internet gamblers who subscribed
to an Internet gambling site during February 2005; 226 matched-case controls were selected from the group of gamblers who
did not close their accounts. Daily aggregates of behavioral data were collected during an 18-month study period. Main outcome measures: Main outcomes of interest were daily aggregates of stake, odds, and net loss, which were standardized by the daily aggregate
number of bets. We also examined the number of bets to measure trajectory of gambling frequency. Results: Account closers due to gambling problems experienced increasing monetary loss as the time to closure approached; they also
increased their stake per bet. Yet they did not chase longer odds; their choices of wagers were more probabilistically conservative
(i.e., short odds) compared with the controls. The changes of monetary involvement and risk preference occurred concurrently
during the last few days prior to voluntary closing. Conclusions: Our finding of an involvement-seeking yet risk-averse tendency among self-identified problem gamblers challenges the notion
that problem gamblers seek “long odds” during “chasing.” 相似文献
16.
Lee HS Lemanski JL Jun JW 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2008,24(1):25-37
In the study, a model of the relationship between mass media depictions of gambling and subsequent gambling attitudes and
behavioral intentions of college students was developed. A survey was conducted with 229 undergraduate students (79.5% female,
mean age = 20.5, SD = 2.04) enrolled in three different communication courses at a large southeastern university. Through structural equation
analysis, the six hypotheses of this study were analyzed using the method of maximum likelihood with AMOS 6. The model was
consistent with the hypotheses that media exposure impacts gambling attitudes and behavioral intentions both positively and
negatively, depending on the valence of the gambling depiction. Theoretical and practical implications of mass media exposure
and gambling behaviors are discussed, and future research directions are outlined. 相似文献
17.
Boughton R Falenchuk O 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2007,23(3):323-334
This study helps to address a deficiency of gender-specific research into problem gambling. It focuses on the gambling behaviors,
family and personal histories and comorbid psychological disorders of 365 female gamblers from across Ontario, Canada, who
responded to a mail-in survey. Specifically, this study looks at rates of depression and anxiety, concurrent struggles with
other behaviors (such as alcohol and drug use, disordered eating, overspending and criminal activity) and abuse history reported
by female gamblers. The reported rates are considerably higher than for the general female population. The findings of this
study agree with previous research. They suggest that prevention strategies and treatment practices for female problem gamblers
should take into account women’s mental health, addiction and trauma history as contributing factors in the development of
problematic gambling. 相似文献
18.
Adolescent Gambling: Understanding the Role of Stress and Coping 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
Bergevin T Gupta R Derevensky J Kaufman F 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2006,22(2):195-208
The central variables of stress, coping, and gambling severity were examined along three lines of inquiry. The first addressed whether adolescents with gambling problems reported a greater number of minor or major stressful (i.e., negative) life events relative to others. The second examined whether more with gambling problems employed less-effective coping styles, such as those characterized as less task- or solution-focused, and more emotion- or avoidance-focused coping. Finally, the third question explored whether adolescents’ coping styles mediated the association between stress and gambling severity. Ranging from 11 to 20 years of age, 2,156 high-school students completed instruments assessing gambling involvement, gambling severity, stressful life events, and coping styles. Results indicated that, overall, adolescents with gambling-related problems reported more negative life events relative to social gamblers and non-gamblers. When negative life events were further separated into major and minor events, results revealed that problem gamblers reported more major negative life events but not more minor negative life events relative to others. Results indicated that adolescents with gambling-related problems used less task-focused coping, and more avoidance-focused coping. Males, but not females, who experience gambling-related problems reported using more emotion-focused coping strategies. Finally, emotion-oriented coping was found to mediate the relationship between negative life events and gambling severity. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.
相似文献
Jeffrey DerevenskyEmail: |
19.
Jessie L. Breyer Andria M. Botzet Ken C. Winters Randy D. Stinchfield Gerald August George Realmuto 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2009,25(2):227-238
Young adulthood is a period renowned for engagement in impulsive and risky behaviors, including gambling. There are some indications
that young adults exhibit higher gambling rates in comparison to older adults. Problem gambling has also been linked to ADHD.
This longitudinal study examines the relationship between gambling and ADHD among an epidemiological sample of young adults
(n = 235; males = 179, females = 56) aged 18-24. Results indicate that individuals who report childhood ADHD symptoms which
persist into young adulthood experience greater gambling problem severity than participants with no ADHD or those with non-persistent
ADHD. 相似文献
20.
González-Ibáñez A Rosel P Moreno I 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2005,21(1):35-42
The aim of this article was to describe a model for evaluating and implementing cognitive-behavioral treatment for pathological gambling. The model takes into account the fact that pathological gamblers form a heterogeneous group with varied biopsychosocial characteristics. 相似文献