“She Is Not Acting,She Is”

This essay examines the popular television show RuPaul's Drag Race to reveal the ways drag performance provides an ambivalent, contradictory space for wrestling with contentious issues surrounding cultural identity and authenticity in reality TV. Focusing on the show's controversial season three, the authors demonstrate how drag queens subvert and play with ideas of gender “realness” but find an impasse in open discussions of race. The racial minstrelsy of some contestants we observe created antagonisms between black/brown characters and their white/Asian counterparts, exposing a rift in ideas about racial play despite the general acceptance of flexibility in gender bending. Recognizing that reality TV exploits and uncovers these tensions, we demonstrate that while drag performance enacts a subversive mode of queer performance, it provides a contested site and complex semiotic space for dealing with sensitive matters of race/ethnicity, especially when certain forms of stereotyping are rewarded over others.     

Empowering Members,Not Overpowering Them: The National Organization for Women,Calls for Lesbian Inclusion,and California Influence, 1960s–1980s

Standard accounts of the National Organization for Women (NOW) seriously underplay the duration of tensions between heterosexual and lesbian NOW members and the ways those tensions included both racialized analogies and tactical concerns. Based on personal papers, archival sources, interviews, and a re-evaluation of printed sources, I argue that by considering the perspective of national, state, and local lesbian feminist NOW members, we see tensions from the 1960s through the 1980s that have been missed by studies that focus either on NOW or on the growth of lesbian feminism or on second-wave feminist development generally. To legitimize their position, White lesbian feminists analogized their oppression with that of racial minorities while claiming to be better feminists than heterosexual women. Their approach is significant to conceptualizing the scope of feminist issues and tactics, the ways White women's discussion of race exacerbated racial divisions, and the fate of the Equal Rights Amendment.     

Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night: The Effect of Retirement on Subsequent Mortality of U.S. Supreme Court Justices, 1801–2006

Mortality hazard and length of time until death are widely used as health outcome measures and are themselves of fundamental demographic interest. Considerable research has asked whether labor force retirement reduces subsequent health and its mortality measures. Previous studies have reported positive, negative, and null effects of retirement on subsequent longevity and mortality hazard, but inconsistent findings are difficult to resolve because (1) nearly all data confound retirement with unemployment of older workers, and often, (2) endogeneity bias is rarely addressed analytically. To avoid these problems, albeit at loss of generalizability to the entire labor force, I examine data from an exceptional subgroup that is of interest in its own right: U.S. Supreme Court justices of 1801–2006. Using discrete-time event history methods, I estimate retirement effects on mortality hazard and years-left-alive. Some substantive and methodological considerations suggest models that specify endogenous effects estimated by instrumental variables (IV) probit, IV Tobit, and IV regression methods. Other considerations suggest estimation by endogenous switching (ES) probit and ES regression. Estimates by all these methods are consistent with the hypothesis that, on average, retirement decreases health, as indicated by elevated mortality hazard and diminished years-left-alive. These findings may apply to other occupational groups characterized by high levels of work autonomy, job satisfaction, and financial security.     

“It Really Is Not Just Gay,but African American Gay”: The Impact of Community and Church on the Experiences of Black Lesbians Living in North Central Florida

ABSTRACT

The experiences of Black lesbians highlight the unique circumstance found at the intersection of sexuality, race, and gender. However, most sexuality research tends to focus on White lesbians and White gay men, and most race research tends to focus on Black heterosexuals. Furthermore, research on the Black gay community tends to focus on those living in the Northeast or on the West Coast, neglecting experiences of those living in the more politically, socially, and religiously conservative South. This article draws on data obtained from semistructured interviews with 12 Black lesbians living in north central Florida, exploring their perspectives as they negotiate a social world of intersecting oppressions. Participants especially highlight how they contextualized their sexuality in racialized terms and negotiated it in racially defined communities.     

“Tolerated One Way but Not the Other”: Levels and Determinants of Social and Political Tolerance in Hong Kong

Social Indicators Research - Tolerance constitutes one of the core elements of a democratic political culture and an indicator of social cohesion. While the concepts of social tolerance and...     

抓住机遇,开拓进取,再创辉煌

一元复始,万象更新。在辞旧迎新之际,2006年全国人口和计划生育工作会议在北京召开,总结“十五”, 部署“十一五”,安排2006年的工作,奏响了进军“十一五”开局之年,再创事业辉煌的战斗号角。回眸“十五”,在党中央国务院的正确领导下,人口计生全系统抓大事,谋发展,事业取得新的发展,硕果累累,令人欣慰。中共中央国务院颁布了《关于加强人口与计划生育工作稳定低生育水平的决定》,为新时期人口计生工作指明了方向;《人口与计划生育法》及其配套法规的制定和地方条例的修订,使人口计生工作进入依法管理、优质服务的发展阶段;全系统机构更名和职能拓展,促进了人口问题的综合治理;人口发展战略研究取得阶段性重要成果,制定人口发展“十一五”和2020年规划,深化了对科学发展观统领人口发展全局的认识;组织实施“奖励扶助”和“少生快富”两项制度,完善了计划生育利益导向机制,初步实现了由“惩罚为主”向“奖惩并举”的     

理性分析,认真总结,不断深化,推进关爱女孩行动

关爱女孩行动,是国家人口计生委更名和扩大职能后,在全国范围内开展的第一个活动。自2003年试点工作启动以来,在党中央、国务院领导同志关心下,在国家人口计生委党组和地方各级党委、政府的正确领导下,各级人口计生委积极发挥参谋助手作用,相关部门齐抓共管,关爱女孩行动在全国各省全面展开,试点县工作进展顺利,成效显著。一、关爱女孩行动取得阶段性成果1.各级党政领导重视,为关爱女孩行动顺利推进提供了组织保障。在2005年5月召开的研究《人口“十一五”规划和2020年发展思路》的中央政治局常委会议和国务院常务会议上,中央和国务院领导同…     

立足服务,注重实效,促进精神文明建设

我们青山区是随着武汉钢铁公司的兴建发展而发展起来的工业城区。全区有十条街,一百八十个居委会,五百一十四个中央、省、市和区属单位。总人口32万多人,其中育龄妇女95000多人。     

培训骨干,建立网点,服务群众,做好避孕药具发放工作

吴川县计划生育服务站在贯彻中央〔1984〕七号文件后,对避孕药具发放工作的重要性、必要性和迫切性的认识逐步提高,把这项工作真正列入服务站的主要任务之一来抓,思想上提高认识,组织上培训了骨干,机构上建立了发放网点,管理上健全了制度。     

Remarriage,Delayed Marriage,and Black/White Intermarriage, 1968–1995

How have changes in marriage order and marriage timing affected 1968–1995 trends in United States Black/White intermarriage? Researchers usually follow a one-sex perspective on the effects of timing and marriage order on marital selection, arguing that delayed marriages and remarriages will be more heterogamous than early or first marriages. This paper shows that a one-sex perspective is oversimplified and that assortative marriage with respect to race depends on the interaction of both husband’s and wife’s characteristics. Marriages that match with respect to age or marriage order tend to also match with respect to race. First marriages and remarriages for both partners are more likely to be same-race marriages. Marriages that are intermarriages with respect to marriage order are more likely to also be intermarriages with respect to race. Marriages that are usual age combinations (husband and wife similar in age or husband slightly older) are also usual race combinations (husband and wife same race). Marriages that are unusual age combinations are more likely to be racial intermarriages. This paper also shows that trends in remarriage patterns do not account for the increasing trend in racial intermarriage and that trends in marriage timing have actually slowed increases in racial intermarriage.     

Statement by the State Family Planning Commission of China on US Decision Not to Grant Funding to UNFPA and EU Strengthening Its Support for UNFPA

(July 26, 2002) We have learned that the government of the United States of America has decided that the United States will not pay its $34 million annual contribution to the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA). We regret such a decision and believe it will no doubt produce a negative impact on international cooperation in the population and development arena. During the first half of this year, we received a delegation from the British Parliament and also a team from the U.S. St…     

两度春秋,精诚合作 一衣带水,友谊长存

<正> 1986年3月,日本亚洲经济研究所的研究人员早濑保子先生,带着她年幼的儿子早濑彻,风尘仆仆,来到中国东北,参加吉林大学人口研究所有关科研项目的研究。两年来,她与中国的同行们共同学习、一道工作,建立了深厚的友谊。她那勤奋进取、顽强拚搏的精神,给人们留下了深刻的印象。刚来时,她不懂汉语,仅会说“谢谢”、“再见”。两年后,她巳能操较流利的汉语与人交谈、写文章。在长春,她与一个中国妇女一样,要跑市场、买食品、洗衣、做饭、带孩子……但从未因此而影响研究项目。她善于利用一切机会与人交谈、接触、学习汉语、了解人口研究等方面的情况。     

书记挂帅,全党动手,进一步搞好计划生育

最近,国务院召开了计划生育领导小组会议,着重讨论了如何实现华主席提出的争取在三年内把我国人口自然增长率降到百分之一以下的任务。国务院还决定在明年适当的时候召开全国计划生育工作先进集体、先进个人代表会议。这对于当前的计划生育工作,将是一个很大的促进。     

Family Size,Cognitive Outcomes,and Familial Interaction in Stable,Two-Parent Families: United States, 1997–2002

Measures of children’s time use, particularly with parents and siblings, are used to evaluate three hypotheses in relation to the vocabulary and mathematical skills development: (1) the resource dilution hypothesis, which argues that parental and household resources are diluted in larger families; (2) the confluence hypothesis, which suggests that the intellectual milieu of families is lowered with additional children; and (3) the admixture (“no effect”) hypothesis, which suggests that the negative relationship between family size and achievement is an artifact of cross-sectional research resulting from unobserved heterogeneity. Each hypothesis is tested using within-child estimates of change in cognitive scores over time with the addition of new children to families.     

控制人口,节约资源,保护环境——可持续发展之路

控制人口，节约资源，保护环境———可持续发展之路孙嘉丰（华东师范大学人口所上海２０００６２）一、中国正以前所未有的规模接受着可持续发展的挑战１９９５年２月１５日，中国迎来了她的“１２亿人口日”。由于计划生育的成功开展，使这一天的到来推迟了整整九年。据...     

High Fertility,High Emigration,Low Nuptiality: Adjustment Processes in Scotland's Demographic Experience, 1861–1914, Part II

In Part I of this paper (published in the previous issue) we outlined the major contrasts in demographic experience between almost all areas of Scotland and most of England during the later nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. We also demonstrated the existence of significant regional differences within Scotland. In Part II, interpretations are offered for these various contrasts in experience. Four Scottish regional case studies are examined, each of which shows a different combination of nuptiality, marital fertility and out-migration. In studying each case, stress is laid on the ways in which the prevailing demographic regime, if it is examined as an interrelated whole, can be seen as involving highly appropriate adjustments to the ecological, economic, and institutional contexts of the region. In this approach, ‘innovation’ aspects of the fertility decline are therefore played down; instead, for some parts of the country in particular, continued very high fertility among those who married is seen as a highly rational response to particular local social and economic situations which also encouraged very low nuptiality, and moderate or high levels of out-migration. The much lower nuptiality in Scotland compared to England is explained in part by reference to constraints on access to housing and the very limited availability of any support from the Poor Law, and in part through limited economic opportunities in a more slowly growing economy.     

Malthus to modernity: wealth,status, and fertility in England, 1500–1879

A key challenge to theories of long-run economic growth has been linking the onset of modern growth with the move to modern fertility limitation. A notable puzzle for these theories is that modern growth in England began around 1780, 100 years before there was seemingly any movement to limit fertility. Here we show that the aggregate data on fertility in England before 1880 conceals significant declines in the fertility of the middle and upper classes earlier. These declines coincide with the Industrial Revolution and are of the character predicted by some recent theories of long-run growth.     

Marital Status and Mothers’ Time Use: Childcare,Housework, Leisure,and Sleep

Assumptions that single mothers are “time poor” compared with married mothers are ubiquitous. We tested theorized associations derived from the time poverty thesis and the gender perspective using the 2003–2012 American Time Use Surveys (ATUS). We found marital status differentiated housework, leisure, and sleep time, but did not influence the amount of time that mothers provided childcare. Net of the number of employment hours, married mothers did more housework and slept less than never-married and divorced mothers, counter to expectations of the time poverty thesis. Never-married and cohabiting mothers reported more total and more sedentary leisure time than married mothers. We assessed the influence of demographic differences among mothers to account for variation in their time use by marital status. Compositional differences explained more than two-thirds of the variance in sedentary leisure time between married and never-married mothers, but only one-third of the variance between married and cohabiting mothers. The larger unexplained gap in leisure quality between cohabiting and married mothers is consistent with the gender perspective.     

与时俱进,改革创新,开拓人口和计划生育工作新局面

实践证明,与时俱进、改革创新是人口和计划生育工作不断发展的不竭动力。要在四川这个人口多、素质不高、结构不甚合理的西部欠发达省份开拓人口和计划生育工作新局面,为全面建设小康社会创造良好的人口环境,就必须解放思想、实事求是、继往开来、与时俱进、开拓创新,“自觉地把思想认识从那些不合时宜的观念、做法和体制中解放出来”,树立新观念,构建新平台,营造新环境,真正实现人口和计划生育工作思路和方法的“两个转变”。