机构照料青少年社工介入案例分析

机构照料中的青少年是社会中常见的特殊群体,他们一方面由于特殊的生活经历,在行为模式、感情认知、心理倾向等方面存在偏差;另一方面机构照料存在一些缺陷,很难保证他们的健康成长。为使他们正常成长,社工的介入在此显得十分重要。本文作为社工介入该群体的一个案例,运用团体社会工作的方法,从优势视角出发,帮助T市康教中心来自不完整家庭的的七名青少年,发掘潜能,提高能力,以此实现"助人自助"。     

心理—社会模式下对我国青少年犯罪的思考

心理—社会模式是社会工作中的一种模式,将其运用于分析我国青少年犯罪这一社会问题具有理论指导意义。从心理—社会模式考察,则青少年自身的心理发展特征与其成长的社会环境的交叉影响是导致青少年犯罪的原因,并且心理—社会模式对于治疗和预防青少年犯罪具有借鉴价值。     

社会工作成长小组模式建构——青少年社会工作实践的新领域

成长小组是社会工作的一种重要手段,因其具有特殊的优势,与青少年群体自身所具有的特点紧密结合。本文从这一潜在契合点出发,首先对成长小组相关知识进行概述,其次分析了当前青少年群体的心理——社会特征,进而阐述了成长小组运用于青少年社会工作中所具有的优势,最后探索了一条开展青少年社会工作成长小组的实践模式和策略,以期对相关领域提供参考和借鉴。     

线上舞动团体缓解大学生求职压力的实践研究

"线上舞动团体"是2020年以来新冠肺炎疫情防控背景下的产物,是针对"宅家"的大学生保持心理健康的线上团体心理辅导活动.关注新冠肺炎疫情对大学毕业生求职就业造成的压力,以网络的形式进行舞动团体活动模式的探索.研究显示,线上舞动团体是符合当前需要的、行之有效的应急心理辅导方式,也是线下心理辅导的有效补充以及疏导缓解大学毕业生求职压力的良好途径.     

优势视角下中学生团体心理辅导的思考

学校团体心理辅导是青少年心理健康教育的重要方法之一,能做到对心理问题的积极预防。本文论述的是在优势视角下,采用参与式方法对中学生展开团体心理辅导,关注学生抗逆力的提升,主要从对朋辈群体的归属感、内在优势因素以及自我效能感的培养三方面展开论述。     

优势视角下中学生团体心理辅导的思考

学校团体心理辅导是青少年心理健康教育的重要方法之一,能做到对心理问题的积极预防。本文论述的是在优势视角下,采用参与式方法对中学生展开团体心理辅导,关注学生抗逆力的提升,主要从对朋辈群体的归属感、内在优势因素以及自我效能感的培养三方面展开论述。     

扬帆成长小组的社会工作实践研究

南京大学的扬帆成长小组立足于团体工作方法的本土化研究,把团体工作的教育融合进了扬帆成长小组实践过程。在对成长小组实践的文献研究的基础上,本文总结扬帆成长小组8年来的社会工作实践经验,讨论了扬帆成长小组的实践过程、实践模式以及实践功能,以期对于推动本土社会工作实践研究起到一定的影响作用。     

论"儿童青少年与家庭专业工作"立法的思想基础

本文以社会工作领域中的"儿童青少年与家庭专业工作"为例,以中国和德国为观察视角,分析和思考"儿童青少年与家庭专业工作"立法的社会教育学思想基础."社会教育学"作为家庭教育和学校教育之外的第三个独立的教育领域,是应对儿童青少年自身的"教育"、"成长与发展"、"社会化"问题以及支持和辅助其核心成长环境(家庭)的重要专业领域."儿童青少年与家庭专业工作"领域的立法首先需要建立社会教育学思想体系.     

青少年工作中人与环境介入模式可行性浅析

青少年面临的问题是多种社会因素共同作用的结果。目前国内的青少年工作存在一些缺失,难以满足青少年成长和发展的需要。人与环境介入模式为青少年工作的开展提供了非常有益的启示。     

从自我同一性视角探讨青少年的心理健康发展

关于青少年的心理健康问题,埃里克森提出的自我同一性理论为我们理解青少年的心理成长提供了一种经典的分析视角。本文在简要介绍自我同一性相关理论的基础上,分析了青少年自我意识和人格形成过程中的种种表现和特点,并提出了该理论对指导我国当前青少年心理健康工作所具有的重要意义。     

Considering Improvisation: Play,Transitional Space,and Discovery

This article explores the concept of improvisation in the therapeutic setting as a complex construction when elaborated in the idiom of jazz music. A composite clinical case is offered that illustrates an impasse and how improvisational thinking offers a way forward. Improvisation has recently been conceptualized through the metaphor of theater improvisation, dance, and rhythm. The therapeutic hour is considered an improvisational dialogue with the main theme (melody) and counter melodies, and harmonic possibilities that underlie the rhythmic pulse of the hour. Improvisation requires a reflective/interpretive process that draws on patterns, structures, and experiences reformulated in the relational field of the participants. The client initiates the call and response pattern, from which improvisation emerges as a mutual process of discovery. A more relaxed, receptive, and reflective posture extends Winnicott’s 1971 notion of play to integrate classic understanding and relational interaction.     

Objective Tests versus Subjective tests

objective test has only one correct answer, while subjective test has a range of possible answers. Because of this feature, reliability will not be difficult to achieve in the marking of the objective item, while the marking of the subjective items is reliable. On the whole, a good test must contain both subjective and objective test items.     

Comments on the National College English Test

College English Test is an important national test for Chinese college students, this paper introduces the distribution of scores, time of examination, and analyses the four parts in CET ,such as listening comprehension, reading comprehension, integrated testing, and writing based on testing theories.     

Abstracts of theses: Smith College School for Social Work,July 1954

Abstract

Many clients relate in ways that elicit emotional responses in practitioners and may also feel pressure to intervene when appropriate action is not yet clear. Practitioners must develop sufficient self-awareness so their own reactions do not interfere with the work they do with clients. Educators exhort their students to be self-aware, but locating methods that foster the capacity can be difficult. Infant observation is an elegant training model that helps to develop self-awareness. The method described here makes use of regular observation, supportive small groups, and repeated detailed examination of what is seen in training both generalist and specialized practitioners. It has become a prototype for the observational study of several kinds of specific populations. Because it attends to people in their own environments and demonstrates a flexible, reflective, multi-modal manner of information-gathering, infant observation is particularly useful in the education of social work practitioners.     

India's Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Act: Assessing the quality of access and adequacy of benefits in MGNREGS public works

The extension of social protection to all has become a central policy objective, both nationally and internationally. A considerable number of middle‐ and low‐income countries have undertaken substantial efforts to extend social protection, while the international community reaffirmed its commitment to the extension of social protection through the adoption of the ILO Recommendation concerning National Floors of Social Protection, No. 202 (2012). This article reviews the legal provisions and the implementation of the Indian Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), legislated in 2005, and does so in the light of the more recent provisions of ILO Recommendation No. 202. Since its introduction ten years ago, MGNREGA has provided a source of income to rural workers, increased wage rates, achieved high female participation rates and created durable assets. India's local governance bodies, Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRI), have been empowered and involved in the processes of planning and monitoring. However, despite successes, there have been considerable shortcomings in implementation. This article highlights two central themes: first, the innovative policy framework of the Act, which brings together rights‐based entitlements, demand‐driven employment, and citizen‐centred monitoring. Second, it assesses the accessibility and adequacy of benefits in the implementation of MGNREGA. We conclude that MGNREGA offers potential for South‐South learning, both in terms of policy‐design and implementation.     

From “Either‐Or” to “When and How”: A Context‐Dependent Model of Culture in Action

In this article, I outline a framework for the sociological study of culture that connects three intertwined elements of human culture (cultural motivations, resources, and meanings) and demonstrates the concrete contexts under which each most critically influences actions and their subsequent outcomes. In contrast to models that cast motivations, resources, and meanings as competing explanations of how culture affects action, I argue that these are fundamental constituent elements of culture that are inseparable, interdependent, and simultaneously operative. Which element provides the strongest link to action, and how this link operates, must be understood as a function of the actor's position within wider social contexts. I argue that on average motivations have the most discernable link to action within a social strata, cultural resources provide the strongest link across strata, and meanings have the greatest direct influence when codified and sanctioned. I then offer a reframing and synthesis that reintegrates previously “competing” theories of culture into a more holistic context‐dependent model of culture in action. Finally, I use evidence from prior empirical research, as well as new data from an ongoing ethnographic study of health behaviors among the aged, to show how various elements of culture are concretely linked to action in eight different social contexts. In doing so, I provide a roadmap for the transition out of the “either‐or” logic underlying much of cultural theory and reemphasize the importance of the classical sociological concern for “when” and “how” various aspects of culture influence action and outcomes in concrete social contexts.     

The gender gap in pensions in Latin America

Lower female lifetime labour market participation rates, greater interruptions during their working lives, and wage gaps contribute to create gender gaps in pensions at the time of retirement. The design of social security systems may reinforce or attenuate these gaps. This article provides new evidence on gender gaps in access to pensions and in pension income in four Southern Cone countries in Latin America and analyses their evolution between 2000 and 2013, showing significant improvements in both gaps, with differential patterns by countries. The decrease in the gender gap in pension income has been particularly significant in Argentina and Brazil. In both cases, the largest increases in pension values during the period correspond to the lowest income percentiles, where women are overrepresented. The application of redistributive policies in these countries, aimed at reducing poverty and inequality but not necessarily focused on gender equity, has had positive and probably unintended consequences in terms of reduction in gender gaps in pensions.     

Is subsidiarity a conditio sine qua non for sustainability?

This paper argues that subsidiarity is a condicio sine qua non for sustainability. Through the complexity paradigm, the paper provides a historical reconstruction of both concepts to the end of elucidating their interdependence. The main thesis is that subsidiarity to sustainability is what self-organisation is to emergence. The paper ends with a sketch of future global governance structures based on a subsidiarity where cities take the lead on sustainability.     

Global employment and decent jobs, 2010–2030: The forces of demography and automation

Globally, an estimated 734 million jobs will be required between 2010 and 2030 to accommodate recent and ongoing demographic shifts, account for plausible changes in labour force participation rates, and achieve target unemployment rates of at or below 4 per cent for adults and at or below 8 per cent for youth. The facts that most new jobs will be required in countries where “decent” jobs are less prevalent and workers in many occupations are increasingly subject to risks of automation further compound the challenge of job creation, which is already quite sizable in historical perspective. Failure to create the jobs that are needed through 2030 would put currently operative social security systems under pressure and undermine efforts to guarantee the national social protection floors enshrined in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).