Bulletin of China’s Marine Environmental Status of China for the year of 2010

In accordance with the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Marine Environmental Protection and the mandate entrusted by the State Council,the State Oceanic Administration of China(SOA) organized and conducted marine environmental surveillance,monitoring and assessment for the sea areas under China’s jurisdiction in 2010 with a view to knowing well the overall environmental status of the sea areas, safeguarding the social and public security,promoting the transformation of economic development patterns in the coastal areas and effectively serving the sustainable development of marine economy.Based on the results of the surveillance,monitoring and assessment,theBulletin of China’s Environmental Status for the Year of 2010has been prepared and is now issued.     

Energy consumption patterns in the process of China’s urbanization

Urbanization has transformed daily lives and industrial production in China. We investigate the effects of this process on Chinese energy consumption patterns. Three energy-consuming sectors intricately associated with urbanization are identified and analyzed: residential households, transportation, and the building materials industry. Urbanization has profoundly affected each; moreover, the latter two are high energy consumption and potentially high carbon producing. We estimate energy consumption attributable to each sector to quantitatively evaluate their impacts on societal transition. Transportation and the production of building materials are identified as the most significant linkages from urbanization to energy consumption. Strikingly, despite the large increase in the proportion of the population that is urban, the share of urban energy consumption, as estimated here, in total energy consumption has remained stable. This suggests that economic growth, in the form of the production of goods for export and domestic consumption, is the most important driver of energy demand in China.     

Are births underreported in rural China? Manipulation of statistical records in response to China’s population policies

Under the current family planning policy in China, the criterion for evaluating all parties involved in the birth planning system provides an incentive for everyone to see that the policy is met, either in reality through strict enforcement of family planning regulations, or statistically through manipulation of statistical records. We investigate underreporting of births in four rural counties of northern China, using data from a 1992 sample survey featuring a reproductive history. To clarify the mechanisms of underreporting, we focus on the ways in which reporting errors may affect the distribution of first births by time since marriage. The results of our investigation suggest that in three of the four counties, first-birth intervals are lengthened by underreporting of girl babies and by replacing them with second births reported as first births.     

China＇s Information Technology Level Equals That of the Moderately Developed Countries in General

According to Xinhua News, as of the end of 2009, the actual permanent population of Beijing had reached 19.72 million, including the household population of 12.46 million and the floating population of 7.264 million living in the city for more than half a year. Immnigration of the whole family had been seen annual increases, taking a proportion of 41.2%. The rapid population growth had brought stresses to Beijing on its water resources, energy consumption, transportation as well as such problems as shortage of food,     

Statistical Communique on the Development of China＇s Undertakings for the Elderly in 2010 （Excerpts）

Basic Information of the elderly population in 2010 According to data of the sixth national census in 2010, the size of population aged 60 or above had reached 177.65 million, accounting for 13.26% of the total     

Levels of urbanization in the world’s countries: testing consistency of estimates based on national definitions

Estimates of urbanization levels for all countries, as published in the United Nations World Urbanization Prospects, are not comparable across countries because they are based on national definitions of urbanization, which vary greatly across countries. We construct alternative estimates of urbanization that are comparable across countries, to use these estimates to point out definitional problems or outlying countries with interesting urban characteristics. The alternative estimates are constructed using variables that are associated with urbanization, as well as a categorical variable that summarizes the urban definition used in the country. We find that among the 181 countries included in the analysis, 21 % have a restrictive definition, and 31 % a generous definition of urbanization. In 2000, the difference between the alternative estimate and the UN estimate was more than 10 % for 67 countries. An examination of six countries with surprisingly low or high reported levels of urbanization, as compared the alternative estimates, highlights issues with the plausibility of the official estimate. We conclude that comparison of urbanization estimates across countries should be treated with care, given the wide range of definitions used. To produce more informative estimates of urbanization, several countries would need to clarify or rethink their definition of urban.     

Major Achievements of China’s Population and Family Planning Work in 2010

Population and family planning is the biggest issue concerning people’ s livelihood.The 11th Five-year Plan period is a period,during which major progress was made in China’ s population and family planning understaking and the masses benefited the most.Final Assessment of the implementation of the 11th Five-     

An Empirical Study on the Laddering Migration of China’s Floating Population

Using data collected by Center for Population and Development Studies of Renmin University of China in 2009 in Chaoyang district of Beijing, Dongguan city of Guangdong province and Zhuji city of Zhejiang province, this paper does an empirical study on the laddering migration of China’s floating population. The findings indicate that floating population’s geographical laddering migration, occupational laddering migration and family laddering migration exist in the process of migration. Geographical laddering migration is influenced by demographic characteristics, migration experience and pathfinder effect of parents. Occupational laddering migration is influenced by migration experience, stability of occupation and social interaction with local residents in destination. Family laddering migration is influenced by family member’s characteristics, area of arable land, migration experience and the number of relatives in destination.     

Testing the Only-Child Advantage in Cognitive Development in the Context of China’s One-Child Policy

Population Research and Policy Review - Using data from a recent national survey of approximately 20,000 Chinese middle school students, we tested the difference in cognitive development between...     

Modelling the impact of women’s education on fertility in Malawi

Many studies have suggested that there is an inverse relationship between education and number of children among women from sub-Saharan Africa countries, including Malawi. However, a crucial limitation of these analyses is that they do not control for the potential endogeneity of education. The aim of our study is to estimate the role of women’s education on their number of children in Malawi, accounting for the possible presence of endogeneity and for nonlinear effects of continuous observed confounders. Our analysis is based on micro data from the 2010 Malawi Demographic Health Survey, and uses a flexible instrumental variable regression approach. The results suggest that the relationship of interest is affected by endogeneity and exhibits an inverted U-shape among women living in rural areas of Malawi, whereas it exhibits an inverse (nonlinear) relationship for women living in urban areas.     

Is the ADB’s Conjecture on Upward Trend in Poverty for China Right? An Analysis of Income and Multidimensional Poverty in China

Social Indicators Research - The measurement of well-being of people is very difficult because it is characterized by a multiplicity of aspects or dimensions. Principal Components Analysis (PCA) is...     

Statistical Communiqué of the People’s Republic of China on the 2012 National Economic and Social Development

February 22,2013 In 2012, faced with the complicated and severe international situation and arduous tasks of domestic reform, development and stability, under the firm leadership of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council,the people of all nationalities of China, taking the scientific development as the theme and the transformation of economic development mode     

Statistical Communiqué of the People’s Republic of China on the 2011 National Economic and Social Development

National Bureau of Statistics of China February 22,2012 General Outlook In 2011,the gross domestic product(GDP) [2] of the year was 47,156.4 billion yuan,up by 9.2 percent over the previous year.Of this total,the value added of the primary industry was 4,771.2 billion yuan,up by 4.5 percent, that of the secondary industry was 22,059.2 billion yuan,up by 10.6 percent and the tertiary     

Media Representation of Tongxinglian in China: A Case Study of the People’s Daily

Over the past few decades, the worldwide lesbian and gay movements have diversified and increased their rights claims. The achievement of gay rights claims in society is the result of an interplay among various social factors and forces. Media is one of most influential players in building homosexual images and promoting mutual understanding. Chinese homosexuals were not treated as criminals or mental illness patients anymore in 1997 and 2001, respectively, after decriminalization and depathologization. Thus this article aims to explore how homosexuals were portrayed in the official media of China, particularly the People’s Daily, to illustrate the changing perception of homosexuals in China’s political and social spheres. It argues that representation of homosexuals in the People’s Daily changed gradually from a negative perception to a more positive one with less discrimination and prejudice as shown by the article’s quantitative and qualitative results.     

Statistical Communique of the People＇s Republic of China on the 2010 National Economic and Social Development（Excerpt）

National Bureau of Statistics of China February 28,2011 General Outlook In 2010,the gross domestic product (GDP) was 39 798.3 billion yuan, up by 10.3%over the previous year.In terms of different industries,the value added of the primary industry was 4 049.7 billion yuan,up by 4.3%;that of the secondary industry was 18 648.1 billion yuan,up by 12.2%and the tertiary industry 17 100.5 billion yuan,up by 9.5%.The value added of the primary industry accounted for 10.2%of the GDP, that of the secondary industry 46.8%,and that of the tertiary industry 43.0%. The general level of consumer prices of the year was up by 3.3%against the previous year:the first quarter up by 2.2%,the second 2.9%,the third 3.5%,and the fourth 4.7%.Of this,the prices for food went up by 7.2%and the     

How to make life better in the City？——Sidelights about Ningbo＇s innovation in citizenship service and management of the floating population

Cities are the crystallization of human civilization."The lstanbul Declaration on Human Settlements"launched in 1996 by the United Nations Human Settlements Programme stressed,"Our cities must be places where human beings lead fulfilling lives in dignity,good health,safety, happiness and hope."The theme"Better city,Better life"of World Expo 2010 Shanghai China is even more seductive and is what people are longing for. With the dream of"Better life",millions of Chinese farm workers decided to leave their homeland,rushing to the cities,which has formed the world’s largest population movement today.     

Effects of population policy and economic reform on the trend in fertility in Guangdong province,China, 1975–2005

An analysis of data mainly from China's 1990 and 2000 censuses and 2005 mini-census shows how fertility decline between 1975 and 2005 in the province of Guangdong has been influenced by both fertility policy and economic and social development. Guangdong's development since 1975 has been very rapid and has attracted huge numbers of migrants from other provinces. The analysis of the province's fertility trend from 1975 shows clearly the influence of fertility policy on the trend. The analysis also shows that economic development has brought about large changes in population composition by urban/rural residence, education, occupation, and migration status, which, together with large fertility differentials by these characteristics, have contributed substantially to Guangdong's fertility decline, in large part through changes in proportions currently married.     

Did the Fiancée’s Mother Drive up Housing Prices in China?——A Glimpse of the Real Estate Game in China

Mo Yan who was awarded the Nobel Prize in literature last year responded to the question how he was going to spend the huge bonuses, "I’m going to buy a house in Beijing, a large house. However, someone reminded me that I wouldn’t go very far as it cost 50,000 Yuan a square meter, and 7.5 million Yuan could only buy a 120-square-meter house." A trembling joke we heard has attracted world attention on China’s real estate. Real estate development in China over the past 20 years has already surpassed business development and evolved into a complex compound made up by political, social,     

Statistical Communiqué of the People’s Republic of China on the 2014 National Economic and Social Development(Excerpt)

February 26,2015General Outlook By the end of 2014,the total number of Chinese population at the mainland reached 1 367.82million,an increase of 7.10 million over that at the end of 2013.Of this total,urban permanent residents numbered 749.16million,accounting for 54.77 percent.The year 2014 saw 16.87 million births,a crude birth rate of 12.37 per thousand,and9.77 million deaths,or a crude death rate