浅析个案社会工作方法介入社区矫正

社区矫正是我国正在探索的一种刑罚执行制度,是让符合法定条件的罪犯在社区中执行刑罚。但目前这一制度往往过于强调社区矫正的刑罚性质,而容易忽视服刑人员继续社会化的需求。有必要将个案社会工作方法介入到社区矫正工作中。本文拟从个案工作方法、个案工作过程、个案工作与矫正体系建立,以及个案工作对于专业社区矫正工作者的培养四个层面具体分析个案社会工作介入社区矫正的功能,以验证个案社会工作介入的科学性,并进一步提出改进提升我国目前社区矫正工作模式和方法的可行性措施。     

我国民事附带上诉制度的构建

我国的民事上诉程序、再审程序已经初具规模,但在实务操作中遇到不少问题,近十年上诉率与再审率居高不下并有增长趋势,附带上诉制度的缺失是其中的重要原因。我国现已具备附带上诉制度的立法及实施要件,应当在我国构建民事附带上诉制度。     

A Case for Social Work Evaluation of Social Work Education

Correspondence to Imogen Taylor, Research Fellow, Department of Social Work, University of Bristol, 8 Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1TN Summary This paper discusses the importance of evaluation of socialwork education by social work researchers, particularly giventhe increasing demands from different interest groups for socialwork courses to demonstrate effectiveness. It is noted that educational researchers are dominating thefield of educational evaluation, yet it is crucial for the survivalof social work that social work education be evaluated by socialwork researchers. Both the tools and the outcome of such evaluationwill shape the future of social work education and social workitself. Recognizing that cross fertilization of ideas between disciplinesis essential, a model for social work evaluation is proposedwhich is derived from models developed by other disciplinesand integrated with social work practice theory. The resultingresearch model draws a number of parallels between researchand practice, bringing together two groups which are often distantand distinct. The model also brings researcher and user closertogether. The model is analysed in light of its applicationto the evaluation of Enquiry and Action Learning, an innovativeapproach to social work education implemented by the Departmentof Social Work, University of Bristol. Central government funding must be available to ensure systematicand rigorous evaluation of social work education rather thanthe piecemeal research possible so far.     

Health Financing in Singapore: A Case for Systemic Reforms

This paper assesses Singapore's healthcare financing arrangements in terms of their efficiency, fairness, and adequacy. Singapore represents an interesting case study because it is perhaps the only high‐income, rapidly ageing country to rely on mandatory savings to finance healthcare, thus eschewing extensive risk‐pooling arrangements, generally regarded as efficient and equitable. The paper argues that parametric reforms, i.e. relatively minor changes in the parameters of current schemes which preserve the existing philosophy and system design, will not be sufficient to meet healthcare financing objectives. Systemic reforms, which will bring Singapore into the mainstream of health financing arrangements found in the OECD countries, are urgently needed. Their design and timing should be based on good quality, timely and relevant data, and an environment conducive to vigorous debate.     

未成年犯社区矫正的几点思考

对未成年犯进行社区矫正,是近年来世界各国刑罚执行制度的一个发展趋势。目前。在我国社区矫正试点工作中,罪行轻微、主观恶性不大的未成年犯罪人被确定为社区矫正的重点对象之一。对未成年犯进行社区矫正,有利于对未成年犯的再社会化,能够有效地克服对未成年犯监禁刑罚的弊端,有利于合理配置未成年犯行刑资源.我国未成年犯社区矫正的。实践刚刚开始,推进试点工作首先应当着力于相关法律的完善,其次,各地在试点工作中还应当选择适合未成年犯特点的社区矫正项目。     

Instinctive Incest Avoidance: A Paradigm Case for Evolutionary Psychology Evaporates

Westermarck proposed that humans have an incest avoidance instinct, triggered by frequent intimate contact with family members during the first several years of life. Westermarck reasons that (1) familial incest will tend to produce less fit offspring, (2) those humans without instinctive incest avoidance would hence have tended to die off and those with the avoidance instinct would have produced more viable offspring, and hence (3) familial incest would be, as indeed it is, universally and instinctively avoided (the desire simply does arise given early continuous intimate contact; the "potty principle" as some psychologists have succinctly termed it). Victorian Westermarck claimed this as a human adaptation. Evolutionary psychologists have generalized these claims to Pleistocene humans and their ancestors, to primates, and indeed to animals generally. Yet there is surprisingly little evidence for these claims of universal instinctive avoidance. Considerable inbreeding appears among large, territorial primates and may have been so with early humans and with their ancestors. While there is little reliable non-anecdotal evidence about incestuous behavior or the lack of it among humans, what little there is does not fit well with the Westermarck thesis.     

社区矫正工作亟待创新的三个问题

社区矫正工作经过6年局部试点,现已进入全面试点阶段。然而,当前中国社区矫正工作仍然在观念、体制和方法等三个层面存在模糊认识,没有形成清楚的实践模式。基于北京和上海两地的社区矫正的经验研究,发现中国社区矫正在观念上需要进一步理清惩罚性司法与恢复性司法的关系,在体制上需要进一步处理司法行政和矫正服务机构的关系,在方法上需要处理社会控制和优势为本的个案管理的关系。     

社区矫正工作亟待创新的三个问题

社区矫正工作经过6年局部试点,现已进入全面试点阶段.然而,当前中国社区矫正工作仍然在观念、体制和方法等三个层面存在模糊认识,没有形成清楚的实践模式.基于北京和上海两地的社区矫正的经验研究,发现中国社区矫正在观念上需要进一步理清惩罚性司法与恢复性司法的关系,在体制上需要进一步处理司法行政和矫正服务机构的关系,在方法上需要...     

Case Management for Homesharing

The use of a formal organization to create and foster informal helping relationships poses case management issues that are unique. This article explores the case management issues that surface within one type of formally-created informal helping relationships-the homesharing match. A typology of homesharing matches is derived, and case management issues specific to each type are discussed using case study data.     

A Case Study in International Cooperation

Summary This article is in two parts. The first part describes how ideasand concepts can cross national and linguistic frontiers andhow theories of social work practice may be found suitable forapplication in cultures which are different from the originalsetting. The ideas are likely to grow and develop during theirtravels and may return to their original source as the inspirationfor further innovation. The Kent Project is used as a case examplein the first part and in the second part of the article a newDanish project is described which is based on the Kent theoriesbut may perhaps give workers in the UK ideas for further developments.     

A Control-Mastery View of Case Consultation

Case consultation is an important part of deepening a clinician's therapeutic skills. However, consultation is not theory neutral: Each theory of therapy guides consultants according to their particular theoretical orientation. Control-mastery theory assumes that clients come into therapy desiring to solve their problems and have a tentative unconscious plan for working in therapy. These assumptions have been supported by 40 years of research data. Although control-mastery theory is written in everyday language without jargon, it takes considerable time to learn to apply the theory because each plan formulation is case specific. Consultation relies on the examination of detailed process notes, within and across sessions, as well as the therapist's affective reactions to the client. Initially, it can help the therapist formulate the client's unconscious plan and determine the types of interventions that will be most helpful. Consultation is also useful during ongoing therapy to help the therapist maintain (or regain) the focus on the client's unconscious plan, especially when it is derailed by transference enactments.