《项链》的艺术特色

莫泊桑被誉为＂短篇小说之王＂,他的成功之处在于从一般人视而不见的凡人小事中发掘带有生活本质意义和美学价值的内容,从而大大地丰富了小说的内容,在欧洲文学史上占有重要的位置。《项链》是他的短篇小说花园中的一朵奇葩,以其特有的魅力吸引着近百年来成千上万的读者,笔者认为这篇小说的艺术特色体现在以下几个方面。     

从一封信看美国儿童的课内课外

9岁的高雅出生干美国加州福斯特市,就读于福斯特市小学四年级。。她在一封写给干爹的信里,清晰地描述了自己的课内课外生活。     

马克思生态思想的理论构建——兼评《马克思的生态学——唯物主义与自然》一书

"马克思主义理论具有反对生态可持续发展的范畴"常常作为对马克思主义进行攻击的视角,认为马克思思想中忽视了自然维度,对生态问题"视而不见"。针对这一观点,福斯特认为马克思主义思想中包含着深刻的生态关怀,他从生态角度重构了马克思生态理论体系。本文从唯物主义自然观、历史观和劳动价值论三个方面论述了马克思理论中的生态思想,并以福斯特作为生态学马克思主义研究的契机,促进了马克思生态思想的理论构建。     

小说《白鲸》死亡氛围下的“征服与占有”

《白鲸》是19世纪美国著名小说家赫尔曼·梅尔维尔于1851年所发表的一篇有关捕鲸的海洋题材的小说。小说描述了亚哈船长在海上追杀白鲸,最后与白鲸同归于尽的经历。作者赫尔曼梅尔维尔在作为著名浪漫主义小说的《白鲸》中营造了置身于海洋航行,随时遭遇各类危险的死亡氛围。本文通过对《白鲸》中死亡氛围进行分析,探析、解读赫尔曼·梅尔维尔在作品中所要表现的关于人类＂征服与占有＂的主题。     

从《甄嬛传》感受职场腥风血雨

影视剧《后宫·甄嬛传》改编自流潋紫所著的同名小说。该剧是一部宫廷情感大戏,更注重描写后宫女人的真实情感,剧中＂甄嬛＂从一个不谙世事的单纯少女成长为一个善于谋权的深宫妇人,凝结了千百年来无数后宫女子的缩影。     

余华——精神的不懈追求者

余华是中国当代先锋派小说的代表人物,并与苏童、格非等人齐名。余华的小说之所以深刻,是因为在他的作品中主题始终围绕存在与生存的哲学探讨、人性的弱点,以及自身的精神追求等。在其作品中＂虚伪＂的形式以及内容上的寓言和超验性是余华小说极富个性的艺术特征。无疑,在所有先锋小说作家中,余华是最具有实验色彩和艺术个性的一个。他作品的创作风格有朴素的、玄秘的、超现实的、现实的等几种;其创作的递变轨迹可分为追寻＂内心真实＂、沉湎文体实验,消解形式、渗出温情,以及反叛自我和文本重建、在传统故事中阐释存在命题的三个阶段。     

等边三角形在解决变压器联结组问题中的应用

三相变压器联结组是变压器教学的一个重点,也是一个难点.掌握三相变压器联结组问题,对正确解决三相可控整流电路中触发电路与主电路的同步问题有重要的意义.     

沙漠中的绿色使者

沙漠中的＂世外桃源＂大家都知道陶渊明笔下的桃花源是一个人间仙境,然而你很难知道新疆克里雅人竟在大沙漠中也发现了＂桃花源＂吧？新疆的塔克拉玛干大沙漠浩瀚无边,一望无垠的沙丘犹如大洋中的惊涛骇浪。小说《西游记》曾经讲述唐僧师徒西天取经经过这个人迹罕至的地方,     

“追忆”批评的理论意义与文化价值——以冯镇峦《聊斋志异》评点为例

《聊斋志异》堪称中国古典文言文小说巅峰之作,因其题材广泛、内容丰富、艺术成就高的特点吸引了众多文坛骚客的点评,以王士禛、何守奇、但明伦、冯镇峦四家点评对后世影响最大。其中冯镇峦将《聊斋志异》中的人物、语言、情节的描述与中国古代文学巨作中人物、语言、情节描述相对照,第一次指出了浪漫主义小说所具有的真实性是情理的事实,还第一次阐明了文言小说集兼收笔记与传奇的合理性及其审美价值。冯镇峦在点评中将＂追忆＂现象运用在点评中,故而与其他点评家相比,其点评具有重要的学术价值。     

德莱塞的自然主义创作思想解读——透析嘉莉的自我实现过程

德莱塞是美国最重要的自然主义作家之一。第一部小说《嘉莉妹妹》充分体现了自然主义的创作思想。本文从美国心理学家马斯洛的＂需要层次论＂出发,透析主人公嘉莉由追求物质到追求事业又到追求精神的自我实现过程,解读作者的自然主义创作思想——环境和本能对人的影响和人生成败的偶然性。     

‘Only Connect’: Unifying the social in social work and social media

‘Only Connect…live in fragments no longer’

(E.M. Forster, Howards End).

This paper utilises ‘Only Connect’, the epigraph from Forster’s novel ‘Howards End’ as the starting point for exploring the challenges and opportunities of integrating social networking with relationship based social work practice. The paper discusses the more deleterious implications of social networking, whilst assuming a deliberately optimistic stance to uncover ways in which the opportunities afforded by online space can be utilised effectively within social work education and practice. Whilst recognising that social networking platforms are transforming constantly, the paper adopts Kaplan’s definition of social media as a ‘group of internet based applications that build on the ideological and technological foundations of Web 2.0’. Whilst much of the discussion within the paper relates to Twitter and Facebook, two of the most endemic international social networking platforms, it is also applicable to myriad forms of social networking. The paper begins with a discussion of UK professional conduct cases and explores these both within Klein’s concept of splitting and historical attitudes to new technologies. Drawing from emerging research data and other examples, the positive relational practices educed by social media within social work education and practice are emphasised and discussed. The paper concludes by highlighting Forster’s plea for connection and recommending that social work embraces the renewed opportunities provided by online networking.     

Professions as "callings"

The idea of an occupation as a "calling" refers to some moral and perhaps religious motives and to a vision of the larger ends and purposes that work serves. Professions are characterized by mastery of technical information, concepts and theories that guide choices, institutionalization that exercises social controls, and, at least traditionally, a service orientation. "Calling" without professionalization is inept, and a profession without a calling lacks moral and humane roots, loses human sensitivity, and restricts the vision of the purposes of human good that are served.     

"Sense" and "Intention" in Max Weber's Theory of Social Action

Ambiguities in Weber's theory of social action have been compounded in translation into English. American commentators have generally given a psychological twist to Weber's concepts of "intended sense" and "understanding," in terms of an "imputation of motive." Weber, on the other hand, distinguishes between the intended sense of an action and the actor's motivation. As a sociologist, he is interested, not in the imputation of motive to the individual actor, but in understanding social action in its "context of sense" in relation to "typical" or "cross-sectional" usages based on "consensus," that is, in its "cultural significance".     

"I'm still swimming"

Treatment of bipolar affective disorder is often difficult and lengthy. Enabling participation in a return to work process is equally daunting, primarily due to the dramatic and oftentimes sudden shifts in mood and thought. The following case study attempts to illustrate the complicated process of return to [and stay at] work for an individual who has mixed bipolar affective disorder. Work has always played a significant role in Ray's life and remains a valued goal and accomplishment for Ray. Work has been a means to structure and routine, and it has been from this routine that wellness has become possible for Ray. The metaphor, "I'm still swimming" helps to illustrate the continual treading of water, which both Ray and his occupational therapist [first author] have experienced over the past 6 years. This case study illustrates the strategies employed in maximizing the person-environment-occupation fit for Ray, as well as the importance of collaboration and partnership in the return-to-work process. It is also meant to stimulate thought and discussion about what is important for occupational therapists, and other health professionals to consider, when attempting the task of return-to-work for an individual with mixed bipolar affective disorder.     

"Free- Will Talk" and Sociology

Hardcore positivistic or humanistic sociologies are rare. In the history of sociology the two extremes have tended to converge, producing an awkward hybrid. A watered-down positivism is brought to the rescue of a stalled Verstehen sociology, or vice versa, and a difficulty like the free nature of human action is covered over with a veneer of pragmatism. Here it will be argued that Paul Tibbetts'recent recasting of the positivism-humanism debate in sociology into an arbitrary choice between linguistic grids perpetuates this unsatisfactory practice. Five propositions will be advanced in opposition to Tibbetts'perspective. First, it will be argued that Tibbetts'discussion clouds the real issues at stake through his failure to really transcend the positivist framework of analysis. Second, it will be shown that the humanistic pre-supposition of voluntarism involves an ontological commitment to a model of rational agency which provides a methodological base for the "scientific" treatment of human freedom. Third, this commitment constitutes a necessary presupposition of all sciences of human action. Fourth, this fact means there are good epistemological reasons why a sociologist's choice of a linguistic grid is not arbitrary. Finally, it will be proposed that the most promising pattern of convergence between humanistic sociology and positivism stems from the formulation of a rough spectrum of principles of rationality to undergird a differentiation of "degrees" and not "kind" between what Tibbetts calls "free-will talk" and "causal-deterministic talk."     

WORKING "OVER-TIME":

This article examines the reasons working-class retirees give for their continued labor activity and discusses these in relation to the present socioeconomic situation. Through the use of primary qualitative data supplemented by others' empirical work, it is argued that working-class retirees engage in labor because they lack the economic resources to survive, desire to maintain their previous status, and experience threats to the status of their families and communities. Their experience differs from that commonly anticipated by society. Their labor is an important component of the U.S. economic recovery in recent years. Working-class retirees' labor involvement thus is not a solution, but a problem.     

Theorizing Diaspora: Perspectives on "Classical" and "Contemporary" Diaspora

Cohen (1997) employed the term “classical” diaspora in reference to the Jews. Indeed, a vast corpus of work recognizes the Jewish people as examples of quintessential diasporic groups. However, a broader conceptualization of the term diaspora allows for the inclusion of immigrant communities that would be otherwise sidelined in the conventional literature on diaspora. This study is therefore a departure from the traditional diasporic literature, which tends to use the Jewish Diaspora as the archetype. It favours, rather, the classification of three principal broad historical waves in which the Jewish Diaspora can be interpreted as part of a classical period. The historicizing of diasporization for the purpose of this paper is achieved by an empirical discussion of the three major historical waves that influenced the diasporic process throughout the world: the Classical Period, the Modern Period, and the Contemporary or Late‐modern Period. The paper discusses these three critical phases in the following manner: first, reference is made to the Classical Period, which is associated primarily with ancient diaspora and ancient Greece. The second historical phase analyses diaspora in relation to the Modern Period, which can be interpreted as a central historical fact of slavery and colonization. This section can be further subdivided into three large phases: (1) the expansion of European capital (1500–1814), (2) the Industrial Revolution (1815–1914), and (3) the Interwar Period (1914–1945). The final major period of diasporization can be considered a Contemporary or Late‐modern phenomenon. It refers to the period immediately after World War II to the present day, specifying the case of the Hispanics in the United States as one key example. The paper outlines some aspects of the impact of the Latin American diaspora on the United States, from a socio‐economic and politico‐cultural point of view. While the Modern and Late‐modern periods are undoubtedly the most critical for an understanding of diaspora in a modern, globalized context, for the purpose of this paper, more emphasis is placed on the latter period, which illustrates the progressive effect of globalization on the phenomenon of diasporization. The second period, the Modern Phase is not examined in this paper, as the focus is on a comparative analysis of the early Classical Period and the Contemporary or Late‐modern Period. The incorporation of diaspora as a unit of analysis in the field of international relations has been largely neglected by both recent and critical scholarship on the subject matter. While a growing number of studies focus on the increasing phenomenon of diasporic communities, from the vantage of social sciences, the issue of diaspora appears to be inadequately addressed or ignored altogether. Certain key factors present themselves as limitations to the understanding of the concept, as well as its relevance to the field of international relations and the social sciences as a whole. This paper is meant to clarify some aspects of the definition of diaspora by critiquing the theories in the conventional literature, exposing the lacunae in terms of interpretation of diaspora and in the final analysis, establishing a historiography that may be useful in comparing certain features of “classical” diaspora and “contemporary” diaspora. The latter part of the paper is intended to provide illustrations of a contemporary diasporic community, using the example of Hispanics in the United States.     

"FRANCE NEEDS CHILDREN":

This article examines debates and discussions surrounding French pronatalist policies enacted in the 1980s. Drawing on data collected from a wide range of primary and secondary sources, including daily newspapers, parliamentary debates, and French feminist publications, I explore the following questions: First, does pronatalism spring from conservative nationalist ideologies that conflict with feminist projects? Second, how have French feminists reacted to the pronatalist agenda? Finally, could women's equity serve as an impetus for instituting policies that would encourage births? My analysis suggests that nationalism in France takes many forms, and a wide spectrum of political actors from both the political left and right have supported pronatalist initiatives in the name of “the nation.”     

Narratives of "Home" and "Homeland": The Symbolic Construction and Appropriation of the Sudeten German Heimat

Sport is an important arena for the construction, maintenance, and challenging of identities. This article aims to explore, using a figurational sociological perspective, the complex inter-relationship between sport, culture, and national identity with particular reference to rugby union in Ireland. The theoretical framework for the analysis of national identity put forward here seeks to make sense of national identity by considering a series of key "processual" social dynamics to shed light and raise questions on the dynamic double-bind between sport and national identity. A case study of rugby union in Ireland since 1945 is employed here to demonstrate how various sources of evidence can be "triangulated" to help unravel the relationship between rugby union and a specific "nation." Rugby union (as a global team sport now with a recognised and established World Cup) is arguably the most significant sporting arena whereby the imagined community of Ireland can become "real." This temporary union of two politically distinct nations through sport provides an interesting context for the researcher of national identity. This context will be explored by considering "official" historical accounts of Irish rugby, British media portraits of Irish rugby union, and the views of contemporary international Irish rugby players.