在进一步扩大开放中维护好国家经济安全

经济安全是一个伴随改革开放的"全过程"问题。它是我国国家安全战略和新安全观的核心部分,也是社会主义市场经济体系运行的必要条件。要正视我国经济安全问题的结构性和复杂性,以科学发展观为指导,在深化改革扩大开放中,切实维护好国家经济安全。     

中国对外开放与融入世界

中国在迄今为止三次全球化浪潮中,有两次丧失了历史机遇,成为被“边缘化者”。中国在第三次全球化浪潮中不仅是积极的参与者,而且还应该是受益者。为了实现这个目标,就必须顺应全球化浪潮。实现改革开放,在贸易和投资自由化的潮流中增强竞争力,迅速融入世界。唯如此,才能对世界作出更大的贡献。     

关注全球区域经济整合中的路径选择

区域经济发展中的资本流动问题,说明“资本先行”作为一种价值观和经济规律,是促进区域经济发展的重要理念。资本流动既会产生收益,也会带来风险。资本流动与区域经济自由化密切相关;资本带来自由的前提是资本本身必须自由。当经济自由带来更多财富的时候,也必须强调产权或资本所有权必须得到切实的保护。贸易自由化是经济自由的必然结果,形式多样的双边或多边贸易协定发挥的重要作用,是贸易自由化的积极成果,将继续促进亚洲和中国经济增长速度的提高,继续改善亚洲和中国贫困人口的生活质量。     

盲人和象——评《大国政治的悲剧》、《权力政治入门》和《必然就是道德》

从本质上说,国际政治学研究的对象仿佛是一个不断变换的多面体,无论是以权力为核心的现实主义学派,以利益为核心的自由主义学派,还是以理念为核心的建构主义学派,甚至每一学派内部的各个分支,都能部分正确地解释其中某个时间点上的一个或几个层面,但又都不足以涵盖不同时段中具有不同内容和特征的所有层面.     

进攻性现实主义视角下的大国权力-安全竞争

进攻性现实主义认为,国际体系的无政府性、大国内在的攻击能力、他国意图的不确定性和大国对生存的理性追求决定了大国必然为自己的世界权力份额最大化而相互竞争,因为权力是确保安全的终极手段.由于巨大水体的阻遏力量,各大国主要致力于谋求地区霸权地位,并努力阻止其他大国成为地区霸主.该理论既有极大的现实性,也有突出的非现实性.它可为中国的安全建设提供颇有助益的启示:正视大国间正常的权力-安全竞争,努力加强国家安全能力建设;重视复杂的地缘政治构造,并结合东亚的权力一安全分配现实来完善既有的安全大战略;构造必要的地缘安全机制安排,预防安全忧患恶化.     

进攻性现实主义视角下的大国权力-安全竞争

进攻性现实主义认为 ,国际体系的无政府性、大国内在的攻击能力、他国意图的不确定性和大国对生存的理性追求决定了大国必然为自己的世界权力份额最大化而相互竞争 ,因为权力是确保安全的终极手段。由于巨大水体的阻遏力量 ,各大国主要致力于谋求地区霸权地位 ,并努力阻止其他大国成为地区霸主。该理论既有极大的现实性 ,也有突出的非现实性。它可为中国的安全建设提供颇有助益的启示 :正视大国间正常的权力—安全竞争 ,努力加强国家安全能力建设 ;重视复杂的地缘政治构造 ,并结合东亚的权力—安全分配现实来完善既有的安全大战略 ;构造必要的地缘安全机制安排 ,预防安全忧患恶化。     

批判的哲思：一种对文化的新思考--评《文化悖论与现代性批判--马尔库什文化批判理论研究》

对文化的理解和反思一直是人类认识自身的一个重要角度。从狭义上讲,文化是人类精神活动的实践及其所创造的一系列成果。很多学者将狭义的文化划分为高级文化和大众文化两种体现不同精神内涵的实践形式。那么,神秘的高级文化被“祛魅”并实现“审美普及”后,是否还具有引导人类活动的导向作用？而大众文化摆脱了“精英”束缚,是否意味着一种降格,从而丧失了人类精神层面的一切意义？带着这些疑问,我阅读了黑龙江大学孙建茵副教授的专著《文化悖论与现代性批判--马尔库什文化批判理论研究》（以下简称《文化》）。作为东欧新马克思主义理论研究丛书之一,《文化》在现代性的视域下为我们展现了东欧新马克思主义学者对文化的独特理解和批判性解读,不仅为我们提供了理解文化内涵的新思路,而且对于实现中国的文化大发展大繁荣具有启示和借鉴意义。     

来自魔界的呐喊——试析《哈利·波特》的批判现实主义精神

《哈利.波特》系列小说是一部关心穷苦者和被压迫者命运的反全球化的宣言书。它以巫术思维为武器,以消除贫困、压迫、剥削、不平等为鲜明旗帜,反对全球化背景下的现代文明,向往神秘的原始思维、前基督教文明的世界。系列小说深刻地揭示现实世界里践踏人权的卑劣行径,同时严厉地批判了种族隔离、种族歧视、奴隶制度等丑恶现象。     

一部政治发展理论研究的力作--评《政治发展导论》

政治发展出现于第二次世界大战以后。“二战”后,西方国家政治学者就第三世界民族独立国家在政治上的改革、稳定、进步、民主化和现代化等问题进行了广泛深入的研究,形成了并不统一的政治发展理论。这一理论在20世纪80年代传入中国后,也是意见纷纭,莫衷一是。由李元书主编的《政治发展导论》(商务印书馆2001年12月版,30万字)一书吸收和借鉴了以往的研究成果,又不拘泥已有的思维和研究模式,而是从动态的发展视角对政治发展问题进行了全面考察和深入研究。其基本特征如下:第一,体系完整,内容丰富。该书共六部分,十九章。第一部分,政治发展…     

Realism and Complexity

I will argue that from a CR perspective, social reality is complex. It just is not complex in the ways CT suggests. Even emergence, according to CR, is more complex and stronger than CT suggests. First wave CR is enough to advance the issue considerably, but I will also examine dialectical CR as a further attempt within CR to take account of complexity.     

Realism and Contingency

This paper constitutes an extended response to Athanasia Chalari's paper The Causal Impact of Resistance, which suggests that one may derive from internal conversations a causal explanation of resistance. In the context of our engagements with critical realism and digital research into social movements, we review Chalari's main argument, before applying it to a concrete case: the student protests in London, 2010. Whilst our account is sympathetic to Chalari's focus on interiority, we critique the individualism that is implicit in her argument, arguing that it emerges because of an underlying neglect of the relational aspects of resistance. Instead, we offer a relational realist analysis that treats resistance as process within an ontologically stratified account of reality that is mindful of the contingency of political acts. Taking this route, we establish resistance as an emergent relation, generative of distinctive “relational goods” in the context of collective action, which we locate at different levels of reality, as we move from an analysis of individual to collective reflexivity. In doing so we offer a sympathetic critique of Chalari, building on the thought provoking arguments contained within it, whilst also making a contribution to the theorisation of social movements and the “relational turn” within realist social theory (Archer, 2010, 2012).     

Saving Critical Realism

Critical Realism aims to be both philosophically sophisticated and morally forward looking. Unfortunately the accepted form that this point of view has taken is flawed in both these aims. However, close attention to realist formats in science and the constraints that are required to give a social psychological application of them makes possible a revision of the Critical Realist scheme strengthening its scientific claim and removing certain moral ambiguities in its applications. What follows is a schematic outline for an alternative neo-Critical Realism. Attention to the plausibility of working models leads from a substantivalist conception of social reality to a Heraclitean social metaphysics.     

虚拟实在与实在论

文章是对翟振明《实在论的最后崩溃———从虚拟实在谈起》一文的回应。作者通过对翟先生文章的分析得出结论 :翟先生徒劳无功地企图驳倒原则上不可以驳倒的本体论的实在论 ;而在攻击可以驳倒的认识论的实在论时 ,翟先生则搞错了方向 ;翟先生所作出的唯一贡献 ,乃是证明了我所谓的因果实在论 ,虽然这也许有违翟先生想把实在论一锅端的良好本意     

Biological Realism and Social Constructivism

In this paper we attempt to reconcile two important, current intellectual traditions: Darwinism and social constructionism. We believe that these two schools have important points of contact that have been obscured because each school has feared that the other wanted to put it out of business. We try to show that both traditions have much to of offer psychology, a discipline that has often been too individualistic, too concerned with the private and the subjective. The spirit of American pragmatism can be found in both camps; like the social constructivists, pragmatists focused on social transaction rather than internal happening, and like the Darwinian they were rooted in functionalism and the biological.     

Continuities Between Peircean Realism and Critical Realism: On Causation,Ontology, and Truth

In recent years, critical realists have increasingly engaged with the thought of Charles S. Peirce (1839-1914), the founder of the American pragmatist tradition. But the engagement has been mostly narrow in focus and at times misinformed. This paper examines points of continuity between Peircean thought and critical realism with respect to causation, ontology, and truth. Its purpose is to lay the groundwork for further and more fruitful engagement between the traditions by bringing attention to some things critical realists may not have known, and to correct some inaccurate things they thought they knew, about Peirce's philosophy.     

Social Network Analysis and Critical Realism

Social network analysis (SNA) is an increasingly popular approach that provides researchers with highly developed tools to map and analyze complexes of social relations. Although a number of network scholars have explicated the assumptions that underpin SNA, the approach has yet to be discussed in relation to established philosophies of science. This article argues that there is a tension between applied and methods‐oriented SNA studies, on the one hand, and those addressing the social‐theoretical nature and implications of networks, on the other. The former, in many cases, exhibits positivist tendencies, whereas the latter incorporate a number of assumptions that are directly compatible with core critical realist views on the nature of social reality and knowledge. This article suggests that SNA may be detached from positivist social science and come to constitute a valuable instrument in the critical realist toolbox.     

Realism and antirealism in social science

Up until recently social scientists took it for granted that their task was to account for the social world as objectively as possible: they were realists in practice if not always in their methodological sermons. This situation started to change in the 1960s, when a number of antirealist philosophies made inroads into social studies.This paper examines critically the following kinds of antirealism: subjectivism, conventionalism, fictionism, social constructivism, relativism, and hermeneutics. An attempt is made to show that these philosophies are false and are causing serious damage to social studies.Next the subjective interpretation of probability is analyzed as a case of subjectivism. An approach to the subjective perception of justice is sketched as an example of the objective study of subjective experience.Finally, the three main varieties of realism — naive, critical, and scientific — are outlined. It is argued that the scientific attitude involves scientific realism, which is put in practice even by scholars who, like Weber and Simmel, called themselves antirealists.     

“党派实在论”的结构诠释学

如果政治宣传,意识形态以及党派性等概念真的从这些概念本身的内涵来界定自身,那么,在追逐某个政治议程时,这些概念由于存在明显的偏见,从而会导致自相驳斥的结果。因此,毫不奇怪,这些沟通类型的显明特征之一就是宣称它们在精准和公平地再现实在,并且否认存在政治偏见的丑恶内涵。笔者称这种类型为“党派实在论”,即被政治驱动的媒体演出,它们象征性地把自己呈现为是在实在论类型下运作的。本文的问题是,党派性媒体报导是如何在追逐自身的政治议程的同时创造出一种中立且无偏见的实在论表象的。为此,本文借用文化社会学的结构诠释学方法,以“奥莱利实情”这档非常流行的美国电视新闻节目作为党派实在论的分析案例。本文认为,“奥莱利实情”是通过如下几个范畴来生产一种用以诠释新闻的“党派实在论”框架的：主持人形象建构、围绕二元对立符码形成复杂的潜在意义结构,以及一套精致奥妙的修辞技巧。虽然这档节目自诩是一扇投射现实的简单窗户,但事实上,它启用一套精妙的党派文化系统来确证观众通过这扇明显中立的窗户所看到的东西能够支持节目制作人的政治利益。为了让新闻呈现在一定程度上暗合各种党派结论但又看起来依然是实在论,而非充斥着偏见,节目的每个情节和片段都依据一个意义结构来搭建问题。这个意义结构虽然具有强烈的党派结论导向性,但又能给人一种对各方观点都进行过理性思考的外表。本文认为,这种针对意义结构的深度分析对于理解作为政治沟通类型的“党派实在论”具有重要意义。