面向大规模定制的产品族数据管理

回顾了国家自然科学基金资助项目“面向大规模定制生产模式的产品族数据管理”(70271043)的研究情况,分析了该项目的研究目标,总结了其研究内容和研究方法,阐明了该项目的研究意义及所取得的成果。     

中国公司治理理论与实证研究——国家杰出青年基金项目(70525005)回溯

回顾了国家杰出青年基金资助项目"企业理论"(70525005)的研究情况,分析了该项目的研究背景及意义,介绍了该项目的主要研究内容与主要成果,列举了该项目的代表性论文和著作.     

中小型软件项目进度管理方法研究

为提高项目成功率,研究了一种系统的软件项目进度管理方法.该方法结合实际项目的案例,考虑到中小型软件项目的特点,通过获得项目的工作量及各阶段工作量分布,进行分解得到项目的进度;在进度分解过程中,充分考虑到项目资源的可靠性和可用性问题;同时,也对进度计划的细化和监控进行了研究.     

区域间技术转移的管理研究

回顾了由国家自然科学基金资助的“APEC东北亚成员间技术转移的理论与实证研究”的项目成果,分析了该项目的研究目的,总结了其研究内容和研究方法,阐明了该项目研究的意义以及所取得的成果。     

福建省古田水库人工增雨随机回归试验回顾及展望

回顾了1975—1986年福建省古田水库开展的"人工降雨效果及其检验方法研究"随机试验项目的试验方案设计、研究内容及成果,以及该项目完成之后福建省开展的人工增雨、防雹等相关科研工作及成果。介绍目前正在建设的古田人工增雨效果检验试验基地情况,并展望了试验基地未来的科研工作。     

企业的进入与研究开发策略

现有文献大都只考虑企业进入某项目的等待投资的期权. 而实际上,企业进入某项目后, 还具有研究与开发的实物期权. 通过建立新的模型,本文在此考虑了这种研究与开发的实物期 权,分析得出了企业进入某项目的最优时机及进入后进行研究与开发的最优时机,同时也得到 了等待投资和研究与开发这两种实物期权的价值. 进一步得到了企业的最优进入策略与企业 所具有的研究开发期权无关,但该项目的等待投资的期权价值与研究开发期权正相关.     

提高项目运作质量的措施研究

项目运作的质量对整个项目影响较大,为了长远发展,公司必须提高项目运作质量。本文针对项目运作质量的提高措施进行了研究。该次研究有助于提高提高项目运作质量。     

青州市开发区供水项目环境影响评价

开发区供水项目的建设是青州城镇建设的重要一笔,项目的建成可以有力缓解青州市的用水需求,但供水项目的建设时间长、影响范围大,对当地人民的生产生活和自然生态环境产生巨大的影响,文章对开发区供水项目对环境产生的影响及解决措施进行了研究分析,确定该项目的实施对环境的影响在可调范围内,是可行的。     

制造业项目结构分解过程模型研究

针对项目分解中工作分解结构方法的不足,以制造业项目为例,考虑项目产品本身的构造及特点的基础上,综合项目产品的工艺装配过程、产品数据管理技术以及项目组织结构,构建了项目结构分解的过程模型,并对该模型进行了详细分析,应用该模型能够更加科学、合理地进行项目分解,确定项目范围。     

发展我国风险投资业的法律保障问题研究

简要回顾了国家自然科学基金委员会青年科学基金项目“发展我国风险投资业的法律保障问题研究”的立项背景,系统地介绍了该项目的研究框架与主要内容、取得的主要成果和提出的主要观点,扼要地阐述了研究的理论与实践意义,以及项目研究成果被引用的情况。     

两阶段DEA前沿面投影问题研究——兼对我国上市银行运营绩效进行评价

DEA方法,即数据包络分析方法,是一种用于评价决策单元(Decision Making Units,DMUs)相对有效性的实证方法。近年来DEA方法已经广泛的应用于各行各业的绩效评价中,并发展出两阶段DEA方法。两阶段DEA方法相对于传统DEA方法的优势在于,它不但可以提供被评价对象的总体效率值,还可以分别生成每一阶段的效率值。但正是由于中间要素的存在,按照传统的DEA方法来调整两阶段DEA投入、产出要素的优化过程已不能成功投影在有效前沿面上。本文基于两阶段DEA方法,通过加入"虚拟中间要素"在两阶段DEA中嵌入一个"虚拟阶段",这样不但完善了两阶段DEA的逻辑结构,而且成功的将被评价单元投影到有效前沿面。最后本文应用以上方法对我国上市银行的运营绩效进行了实证分析。实证结果令我们意外的是,国有商业银行运营绩效优于股份制银行。     

How to make e-Procurement viable for SME suppliers

Due to their common role as suppliers, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are especially challenged by today's turbulent business conditions. In order to meet this challenge, short-term WWW-based enterprise cooperations are regarded as an appropriate way to enhance the competitive strength of SMEs. Hence, the Institute of Machine Tools and Industrial Management (IWB) operates three so-called competence networks for engineering (www.engineering-net.de), rapid prototyping (www.rp-net.de) and manufacturing (www.produktionsnetz.de) services. For the purpose of an applied research project, more than 80 participating SME suppliers have been included in these specialized virtual markets, which are based on the core competencies of the cooperating SMEs. Additionally, the platform (www.virtueller-markt.de) enables customers to configure their specific supply chains via the above-mentioned competence networks. The presented paper depicts how to establish and operate these competence networks as well as how to configure supply chains via these virtual markets.     

应用EN、PCA和RBF网络评价建设项目动态联盟的候选投标项目

基于建设项目动态联盟候选投标项目评价的内涵分析,确定了候选投标项目评价的决定因素,构建了候选投标项目评价的指标体系。首先通过计算欧氏贴近度,剔除了贴近度较小的指标,然后采用主成分分析将众多指标进行综合,消除样本间的信息重叠,降低RBF网络的输入维数。针对候选投标项目评价系统的非线性特征,采用RBF网络高度非线性映射能力,对某建设项目动态联盟的候选投标项目进行了评价。评价结果表明EN、PCA与RBF网络相结合的方法比PCA与RBF网络相结合的方法及单纯的RBF网络方法具有较高的精确度和较好的拟合效果。整个数据处理过程用软件完成,成本低廉、运算速度快捷,能够克服数据处理流程的复杂性,具有较好的实用性。     

On the use of multivariate regression methods for longest path calculations from earned value management observations

This paper explores the use of multivariate regression methods for project schedule control within a statistical project control framework. These multivariate regression methods monitor the activity level performance of an ongoing project from the earned value management/earned schedule (EVM/ES) observations that are made at a high level of the work breakdown structure (WBS). These estimates can be used to calculate the longest path in the project and to produce warning signals for project schedule control. The effort that is spent by the project manager is thereby reduced, since a drill-down of the WBS is no longer required for every review period. An extensive computational experiment was set up to test and compare four distinct multivariate regression methods on a database of project networks. The kernel principal component regression method, when used with a radial base function kernel, was found to outperform the other presented regression methods.     

How Software Project Risk Affects Project Performance: An Investigation of the Dimensions of Risk and an Exploratory Model*

To reduce the high failure rate of software projects, managers need better tools to assess and manage software project risk. In order to create such tools, however, information systems researchers must first develop a better understanding of the dimensions of software project risk and how they can affect project performance. Progress in this area has been hindered by: (1) a lack of validated instruments for measuring software project risk that tap into the dimensions of risk that are seen as important by software project managers, and (2) a lack of theory to explain the linkages between various dimensions of software project risk and project performance. In this study, six dimensions of software project risk were identified and reliable and valid measures were developed for each. Guided by sociotechnical systems theory, an exploratory model was developed and tested. The results show that social subsystem risk influences technical subsystem risk, which, in turn, influences the level of project management risk, and ultimately, project performance. The implications of these findings for research and practice are discussed.     

Methods for Managing Different Perspectives of Project Success

The results of an exploratory study of UK organizations into methods for meeting project key performance indicators (KPIs) are presented. The paper explores: influences on the use of methods to manage project KPIs; the need for and existence of methods; the factors that facilitate the meeting of the KPIs. It is concluded that the use of methods varies depending upon the perceived importance of the project, the type of project, the client-team relationship and whether an organization performance management system exists. With project management capability often decreasing, in part due to a failure to meet psychosocial project KPIs, a need for methods linked to the KPIs was identified. However, the study found relatively low levels of adoption of such methods. Where psychosocial project KPIs were being met the following facilitating factors emerged: top-level policies, organization-wide training, integration with existing management processes, building into project management system. Situations were found where decision-makers did not consider the psychosocial KPIs of programme and project managers. This was seen to contribute to a failure by organizations to manage necessary increases in their project management capability and to be acting as a possible barrier to long-term, sustainable improvements in performance.     

基于工期协调的项目公司与承包商收益激励模型

从项目公司和承包商双层角度,考虑项目公司通过显性收益激励契约手段与单一标段承包商之间就工期目标优化问题进行协调决策.假设决策过程是一个完全信息的动态博弈过程,基于博弈论并应用二层规划方法建立了以项目公司为主方、承包商为从方的Stackelberg主从递阶收益激励模型,采用逆向归纳法并引入拉格朗日函数对问题进行分情形讨论,设计了遗传算法求解该非线性规划问题的子博弈精练纳什均衡解.算例结果表明,项目公司通过提供一定的收益激励而非传统指令性手段促使承包商在可压缩范围内积极主动地去压缩项目工期,可以实现项目工期控制目标协调优化和双方收益目标的帕累托改善.     

东方系统方法论指导项目评价实践：科学性与艺术性的结合

针对西方评价方法论缺少系统性与灵活性的特点,提出东方系统方法论指导项目评价活动的理念。通过分析东方系统方法论对于项目评价实践的适应性,构建了项目评价决策概念模型和项目评价全过程模型,并以“知物理、明事理、通人理”为指导思想对项目评价全过程进行了系统分析。     

Team flexibility's relationship to staffing and performance in complex projects: An empirical analysis

We examine the role of flexibility in project team effectiveness. Specifically, we hypothesize that (1) it will mediate the relationship between staffing quality and effectiveness and (2) its relationship with team effectiveness will be moderated by project complexity, where more flexibility will be required when projects are complex. Hypotheses are tested using data collected from 60 cross-functional project teams. The results indicated that flexibility mediates the relationship between staffing quality and team performance (goal achievement and cohesion, but not project efficiency). Additionally, we find that two-dimensions of project complexity moderate the flexibility–performance relationship. Specifically, the more alternatives a team must consider, the stronger the negative relationship between flexibility and project efficiency is. The flexibility–cohesion relationship also was moderated, such that the relationship is more positive when the project is more ambiguous and more negative when the project team faces many alternatives. Implications for research and practice are discussed.     

Transformational versus transactional leadership styles and project success: A meta-analytic review

Despite the fact that the reliance on project teams and project-based organizations has significantly increased over the past decades, previous meta-analyses paid no attention to the examination of leadership styles in the context of projects. The purpose of this study was to meta-analytically synthesize and investigate the contradictory evidence on the effects of transformational leadership and transactional leadership on project success. The study also examined several project-level and country-level moderators in such effects. The study used 64 effect sizes from 41 primary studies on projects to examine the proposed relationships. The findings suggested that transformational leadership had a stronger effect on project success than transactional leadership. The results further indicated that project-level factors (i.e., project size and project type) moderated the relationships of leadership styles with project success. Moreover, the country-level factors (i.e., power distance, collectivism, and economic status of the country) also moderated some of the relationships. Theoretical and practical implications are provided in the end.