比较历史学视野中的《百苗图》

清朝所绘制的《百苗图》是近代中国早期的民族志。将《百苗图》与日本及奥斯曼帝国所绘制的图绘进行对比,以一个比较历史学的视角来看待这些处于扩张时期的几个帝国,从而指出对他者的民族志兴趣并非欧洲所独有,而是普遍地存在于全世界的帝国体系之中。     

中缅跨境德昂族的历史记忆与国家认同

跨中缅两国国境线而居的德昂族在传统社会框架下为了本民族生存和发展建构了早期共同历史记忆.近代以来,中缅德昂族早期共同历史记忆出现了差异,究其原因,主要与现代国家确认、现代国际社会框架和自我建构相关.因此,早期历史记忆研究应该关注传统社会框架和自我建构的互动;历史记忆的当代重构应该关注现代国家、现代国际社会框架和自我建构三者的关系.国家认同差异并不妨碍中缅德昂族民心相通,德昂族将对"一带一路"发挥积极作用.     

从中国古典神话中探析"道教玉皇"成因

"玉皇大帝"这个形象广为人知,近代更是成为多种艺术形式进行诠释演绎的对象,但大多不符合他的固有或者真正面貌.他的早期来源是生产力极其落后的上古初民在对自然界诸多事物无法解释、主导的前提下,对未知世界的美好期许.后在人类社会长期发展和道教的文化形成中逐渐成长起来的一个完美统治者形象.道教在此文化基础上形成了"玉皇大帝"这一形象.     

论苏盛华的边疆教育理念与实践

苏盛华先生是近代宁夏著名教育家、政治家与社会活动家,在近代宁夏教育改革与社会转型的发展过程中占据了重要的历史地位。在教育领域,苏盛华坚持现代办学理念,始终以"沟通汉回文化,集中国族力量"作为办学的最终目的。在教育实践领域,他曾担任多所学校的实际负责人或重要支持者,有力地推动了边疆教育的普及。作为民国时期宁夏师范教育的实际负责人,他为宁夏的基础教育培养了诸多师资人才。同时,他在民众教育方面也作出了一定的贡献。此外,苏盛华还为近代宁夏的新式教育改革出谋划策,推动了教学内容与学校管理方面的革新。     

网络时代的共同性构建——以跨国语境中的球迷文化为例

人们何以成为共同体?当认同的边界跨越主权国家,在一个"他者"的场域下,认同何以被想象?跨国界球迷文化(transnational fandom)的兴起及其对自身文化的阐释、实践和想象,呈现出一种复杂的样貌.在当前的网络时代中,竞技体育——尤其是足球,能有效地将个人的行为与官方所推崇的价值观、道德期待"完美"地融合在一起.即在看似"民族国家"这一主体缺位的条件下,跨国界球迷与国家、社会、空间之间的互动值得更深入的评估和探究.本文将从"想象"这一视角,对中国的德迷(以网络贴吧"德国队吧"为主)进行人类学的分析,试图说明:"跨国界"研究并不能全然忽视"民族国家"这一要素,即经典的足球人类学理论将持续产生新的道德困境;但另一方面,在中国场域下的网络实践,自我与他者、尤其是与共同体间的互动过程将呈现一种新的关系型(relational)的变化.     

"申遗":传统与地方的全球化再现

从讨论传统与地方这类概念发展的社会史出发,试图理解这些"过去"的隐喻为什么会在全球化的语境中得以再现和如何再现.全球化本身无法带来同质性的文化却可能导致文化多样性的生产和传统的再创造.如果传统是现代性的对应物或"他者",那么,在当下的语境里,地方必然与全球化互为"他者".所不同的是,地方是"有意识"地与全球化进行互构,它必须通过全球化来显现自我.因此,在一定的意义上,"申遗"成为这么一种互构的途径.     

中国的"他者"观念史——读《西方作为他者》

从1998年提议北京大学人类学专业开设"海外民族志讲座"课程起,①到2007年3月在北京主持召开"不同文化中的他者观念"国际学术研讨会,②再到2007年8月<西方作为他者>完稿,乃至2008年在<由此及彼由彼及此>的人类学随笔中<在他处思考>一文的发表,③王铭铭对于人类学世界中的"他者"的关注,就像是其学术生涯中一根难以断缺的线,随着时光的流逝一直在蜿蜒.2007年出版的<西方作为他者>作为他将中国文明与"他者"观念相结合的作品,作为论述"中国‘西方学'的谱系与意义"的著作,是他近年来对中国文明中"他者"观念史思考的重要成果.     

“新思路”的异思考——关于族群问题“去政治化”的若干刍议

近十几年来,族群问题"去政治化"以"理解民族关系的新思路"示于学界,直指社会主义国家的民族制度与古今中国民族政策的合理性问题,主张借鉴美国的族群问题"文化化"经验。然而,社会主义国家的民族制度与政策,本质上并非导向于"分",而是导向于"合";美国族群问题的"文化化"路径有其自身的局限性;作为社会主义多民族国家的新中国,继承的是清帝国这一征服王朝的多元民族格局,这是实行民族区域自治的历史基础。     

北京大学图书馆藏《扎什伦布寺全图》述略

目前存世的历史时期绘制的扎什伦布寺全图并不多见,除了扎什伦布寺珍藏的两幅五世班禅和七世班禅时期的扎什伦布寺唐卡外,北京大学图书馆藏有一幅八世班禅时期的《扎什伦布寺全图》。根据画面内容可初步判断:该图描绘的是19世纪中期八世班禅时期的扎什伦布寺全貌,唐卡式样、写实风格,与存世的扎什伦布寺藏七世班禅时期的勉塘派绘画唐卡——扎什伦布寺全图高度相似。绘制者应该是西藏画师,制作或出自扎什吉彩。西藏唐卡的绘制者一般不署名字,其流传途径可能是西藏班禅年班、民间朝圣、官员携归、宫廷流出等官方或民间渠道。     

从民族革命到民族再造——以孙中山民族主义思想为中心

建立独立自主的民族国家是中国近代民族主义的核心内容。但是民族主义主张的单一民族建国理论与中国统一多民族国家的传统有根本冲突。为解决这一矛盾,中国早期民族主义者对源自西方的民族主义进行了改造。从最初的"排满"到提出各民族互不侵犯、平等生存;从提倡以汉族为主导的民族同化到设想国内各民族在平等的基础上融合为统一的中华民族。中国近代民族主义在民族建国理论上完成了从汉族国家经由五族共和再到中华民族国家的嬗变。     

Meeting / Derrida

In August 1999, Jacques Derrida gave a number of lectures and seminars in Melbourne and Sydney. The seminar of 13 August, held at Sydney's Seymour Centre Theatre, was open to the public. It consisted of a question-and-answer session with Genevieve Lloyd, David Wills, Paul Patton and Penelope Deutscher. Its title, 'Themes from Recent Work', reflected interests in the work from Specters of Marx (1994) onwards which some, including Paul Patton, have referred to as deconstruction in its affirmative phase. What follows is a by-no-means verbatim record of the event. Rather it is but one member of the audience's account of what transpired in the seminar – an account which is therefore necessarily selective and pressed through the grid of my own quasi-philosophical interests. Following this account of the seminar, I offer some marginal notes on the open discussion following the seminar, then, finally, some reflections on a particular matter discussed at the dinner which followed that – madness.     

Defining ‘real India’: representations of authenticity in independent travel

As an alternative to the stereotypical mass tourism, independent travellers – travellers who travel for extended periods on low budgets while ostensibly avoiding formalized tourist activities and locales – are invested in constructing ‘authentic’ travel experiences. Practices such as ‘off-the-beaten-track’ travel and cultural engagement provide the means by which independent travellers are able to make claims to such authenticity. Authenticity is constructed by travellers through idealizations of intimacy and non-commodification. These idealizations are tangled in narrative representations of ‘real’ India and ‘real’ Indians, their ‘real’-ness typified by an absence of other travellers, tourists and, more generally, Western contamination. In these ways, ‘authentic’ travel is dependent upon actively constructed binaries of Western travelling subjects and exotic Indian objects. Yet travellers' fantasies of the Other are fragile and subject to collapse at moments in which so-called Others articulate their subjectivity in a way that is inconsistent with travellers' expectations. Through a focus on travellers' narratives of their experience, both the requirement for an Orientalist dichotomy as well as the ruptures that continually challenge this dichotomy, will emerge.     

Oestrogen Rising 2016: Ireland’s stained and bloodied cloths

A weaver, seamstress, laundress and artist, in this essay I shall spin a yarn, tangle a web, and construct a text(ile) of the inter-weave of narrative and identity that I define as my intellectual, textual, somatic and material/visual practice obsessions. My work explores ‘the places in-between’ in the entanglements of Irish and Northern Irish gender and identity, and in the abject fabrics of death and of desire. As an Irish feminist, sense-making of the complexities, conundrums, challenges and contradictions of my land, my cloth, my body and my culture owes much to Irish women before me who fought for female suffrage, and Irish women now – north and south of the border that divides the island of Ireland – who still struggle for equality of citizenship, social justice, human rights, and full reproductive autonomy. My contention is that when we accept that Ireland herself is a many-layered cloth, a stained and bloodied cloth, a cloth marked irreversibly by history, conflict, denial and abuse, stained by its own repression, marked through denial of all its people’s rights and needs, and bloodied by its greatest export, the haemorrhage of its people, then – polemical, didactic or reflective, with more compassion, empathy, humility and heart – we just might make peace with our past.     

The changing configurations of self-(m)other dialogue in North Cyprus

This paper deals with issues of identity, nationalism, postcolonialism, and self-other relations with a focus on a period of transformative events in North Cyprus. It notes how nationalism has been the dominant means of identification for Cypriots in their modern history, and argues that unless weakened and supplanted by a radically pluralist democracy, nationalism imagines one's identity as an indivisible unity and has no place for different others within the nation. However, a pressing relationship with others and otherness is no stranger to Cypriots either, which makes it clear that the border that defines the ‘we’ of such nationalism is, at the same time, the line that divides the self intrinsically, indicating the otherness of the self or its alterity. Subjectivity involves subjection to the other.     

Changing patterns of mobility,citizenship and conflict in Indonesia

ABSTRACT

Mobility and migration are inherent ingredients of Indonesian cultures. In an archipelago with thousands of islands of various size, character and nature, mobility is an important means to make a living and to survive by migration. The right to free movement in Indonesia is constitutionally granted. It can create mobility and give expression to equal citizenship rights at the same time as it can trigger the enforcement of borders among cultural groups and the ethnification of local and regional politics. Mobility thus always comes along with immobility. Physical mobility of one group of people might cause immobility of another group or it might create cultural and political immobility in the same group. In places such as Eastern Indonesia, people have developed reciprocal means to integrate newcomers. Whereas the immigrants are usually disadvantaged citizens with regards to land and customary rights, those living in the area for generations have nonetheless become integral parts of quite peaceful local settings, one way or the other. The advancement of decentralization, democratization and direct elections of political representatives can lead to political empowerment, the promotion of ethnicity as election capital and changing patterns of belonging. This paper illustrates these ambivalences by looking at mobility in Indonesia more generally and how changing national policies and laws lead to reinterpretations of mobility patterns and trigger changes in relations between local population groups and existing mechanisms of cultural and political inclusion and exclusion. Butonese migrants in Maluku will here serve as a case study.     

三江源自然保护区生态旅游开发的SWOT分析

本文就三江源自然保护区开发生态旅游产品的可行性及发展潜力,运用SWOT分析模式进行客观分析,并得出三江源开发生态旅游产品是实现该地区可持续发展的最佳途径。     

热贡鲁若中"玛泽"与藏族历史的渊源关系

文章从历史学、宗教学、民俗学等角度,将流行于黄南藏族自治州同仁县隆务河流域的六月会主体节目之一"玛泽"的文化内涵进行了新的探讨,并就"玛泽"节目的历史和宗教渊源关系,民俗形成过程,以及对军事、生产活动中的意义提出了自己的看法.     

‘Both an Arab and a woman’: gendered,racialised experiences of female Palestinian citizens of Israel

Following feminist and postcolonial discourses, this paper uses the concept of ‘everyday experience’ as a tool to trace the social world of educated Palestinian women in Israel. The term refers to the complex array of these women's experiences in racialised and gendered social sites, as well as within the class, religious, and ethnic contexts in the subordinated group and its relations with the dominant Jewish group. Based on 108 in‐depth interviews with Palestinian women citizens of Israel, the paper claims that educated Palestinian women are located in a ‘third place’ between cultural, gender, class, national and racial structures that generates a continual ambivalence. Within this marginal, ‘unhomely’ space women negotiate their own identities and challenge dominant social definitions. Women create various modes of interim spaces and multi‐dimensional, shifting identities for themselves. The ambivalent attitudes generated by the women's experiences expose the possibility of shedding categorising markers. The omnipresent existence of the gendered, racialised regime of knowledge makes every place a potential site of subversion and resistance.     

Identification,the exercise of democracy and the fear of the Other – the June EU referendum in the UK

ABSTRACT

The focus is the oscillation among leave voters in the EU referendum from the exercise of rights - an act of dis-identification – towards the assertion of identity as members of a British community. This was mediated by voters acting in an association of citizens calling on the equalising agency of the British people whilst claiming membership of a locally circumscribed community, perceived as injured, through entanglement with the Other prominent among them Europeans. Hence the recovery of the injured community as the object of the denunciators’ desire for identity coupled with the fear of the Other. Predicated on this was the resumption of class, gender and ethnic roles reflected in division among voters. The denunciation of togetherness with Europeans served leave voters to substitute the exercise of rights with a longing for identity. Instrumental in this was the lack of deliberation in the plebiscite to articulate the will of individual voters through a general will. The ‘direct power’ exercised enabled many to cast away their role as citizen in an attempt to claim their privileges as members of a racially and culturally demarcated British community. Paradoxically, the voters’ unashamed disavowal of their agency as citizens by seeking to restore a divided social world as the source of their identity was represented as an exercise in democracy. To some playing on words was supplemented by the use of force removing the gap between the discursive exclusion of the Other and the continued physical presence of bearers of different races and culture.     

羌族宗教信仰与藏文化的关系考察研究

岷江上游羌族宗教信仰是多元混杂的,导致这种现象的产生,既有历史的因素,又有现实的因素.历史的因素可追溯到古羌人时代,从那里我们可寻羌族宗教信仰之渊源的一些踪迹;现实的因素可从羌族地处藏彝走廊,受汉藏文化影响的现状中去采撷一些实际的表现.本文拟就羌族原始宗教信仰中的藏文化因子,羌族天神信仰与藏族民间宗教信仰的渊源,羌族和藏族有关人类起源传说的相似与区分,羌族原始宗教信仰与佛教文化的糅合等方面对羌族宗教信仰与藏文化的关系作一较为深入的考察分析.