Astrology: Science,Pseudoscience, Ideology?

A half century of intensive educational propaganda has finally had its fitting effect: astrological notions are being assimilated these days in our country with striking ease and moreover above all by educated, so to speak enlightened, people. It has become good tone to listen on every occasion to the forecasts of fashionable astrologers, to interview them, and to print computer horoscopes. The traditional skepticism of our scientists barely suffices them to keep their own scientific view of the world intact. But if any understanding is to be achieved about the phenomenon of the present-day astrological renaissance, it can only be done in connection with science. For over two thousand years, astrology has endeavored to become a respectable science, and for this reason alone, any analytical approach to astrological material must, in any event initially, regard this material as scientific.     

Interethnic Ideology, Intergroup Perceptions, and Cultural Orientation

We examined endorsement of multicultural, assimilation, and colorblind ideologies, including their relations to stereotyping and in-group bias, among community samples of Latinos and non-Latino Whites. Participants also completed measures of their orientations to Latino and non-Latino White cultures. Analyses indicated that participants endorsed multiculturalism more strongly than colorblindness and colorblindness more strongly than assimilation. Although Latinos endorsed multiculturalism more strongly than did Whites, ratings of colorblindness and assimilation did not differ. Both groups exhibited in-group bias and out-group homogeneity. However, multiculturalism was associated with lower in-group bias. Further, Latinos who more strongly endorsed multiculturalism perceived less within group variability (i.e., had stronger stereotypes), whereas the reverse was true for Whites. Finally, analyses of cultural orientation measures indicated that ethnicity is not synonymous with cultural orientation; Latinos were equally oriented to Latino and White cultures, overall, and Latino and White American orientations were unrelated.     

Electoral Politics, Ideology and American Social Policy

This article addresses the politics of social policy in the context of the 2004 American presidential election. It examines the divisions in American society and their distinctive agendas. It also explores the record of the Bush administration on key social policy issues and shows how it relates to the broader conservative tradition as well as to the Clinton administration's reform of welfare. Finally, it examines the election results. The article argues that the Bush administration has a distinctive agenda on social policy issues and that its approach is likely to reduce further the role of the social government in the provision of social policy, by emphasizing market forces and philanthropy as well as cutting taxes. It also notes, however, that the Bush administration has taken a strong stance on traditional moral values and that its opposition to abortion and homosexuality is an important part of its political strategy.     

Memorable encounters: Ideology,information acquisition,and television news

Many consumers of television news perceive the ideological position held by certain networks as being either consonant with, or dissonant from, their own political beliefs. This raises the question of how the perceived consonance or dissonance of media sources influences the viewer's ability to acquire and recall information. It is possible that being exposed to a consonant media source could lead an individual to pay more attention, whereas the individual would be more inclined to dismiss a dissonant media source. In contrast, however, it is also possible that an individual may pay extra attention to the dissonant media source because it presents a perspective that differs from the one that individual currently holds. Utilizing an experimental research design, I am able to demonstrate that individuals are better able to acquire and recall information presented to them by a media source that they perceive to be ideologically dissonant from their own political position.     

性别观念、现代化与女性的家务劳动时间

通过分析2010年中国家庭追踪调查数据,本文考察了中国城乡已婚女性家务劳动时间的影响因素。研究发现,已婚女性的工作时间与绝对收入的增加可以显著地帮助她们减少家务劳动时间。此外,本文检验了女性的相对收入对家务劳动时间的影响在城乡与地区间的差异。结果表明,城镇地区女性相对收入的增加可以帮助她们持续地减少家务劳动,而农村地区的女性受到传统性别观念的影响,无法持续地利用相对收入的增加来减少其家务劳动。通过将调查数据与市级统计数据匹配,本文进一步发现,在农村地区,现代化水平的不同会造成女性相对收入对家务劳动影响的地区差异。在现代化程度较高的地区,女性相对收入对家务劳动的议价能力较强,而在现代化程度较低的地区,这种议价能力更容易受到限制。     

印度人民党意识形态的发展变化

印度人民党的意识形态是以整体人本主义和印度教特性为主体的印度教民族主义思想体系.这一思想体系的主旨在于强调印度民族就是印度教民族,强调印度教文化价值体系.由于政党的意识形态受制于社会环境,因此,要不断作出调整.印度人民党的意识形态经历了五项政策原则、整体人本主义和印度教特性三个阶段的变化,这些变化反映了印度政治和社会形势的变化.     

意识形态在对外政策中的作用

意识形态在对外政策中的作用是国际关系研究中的一个重要的理论和现实问题。本文从意识形态涵义、特点和功能入手 ,探讨意识形态与对外政策的关系及意识形态在对外政策中的作用。本文的主要观点是 :首先 ,意识形态通过影响决策者对国家利益的判断而影响国家对外政策的目标选择 ,如果意识形态导致国家对其利益的错误认识 ,意识形态将损害国家的现实利益 ;其次 ,由于任何意识形态都包含有道义和理想化的政治目标 ,它可以为国家的对外政策提供道义上的支持 ,使对外政策显得合理、正义 ;第三 ,由于以意识形态的吸引力来实现对外政策目标成本最低而成效最持久稳定 ,所以 ,意识形态可以成为实现对外政策目标的最高明的手段。     

Measuring Legislator Ideology*

Objective. Previous models of roll‐call voting have either ignored the role of legislator ideology or have employed questionable measures of it. A defensible measure of legislator ideology is needed. Methods. This study surveys former members of Congress (MCs) to obtain a new measure of legislator preferences. The measure has several attractive properties, appears to be valid, and is unique compared to a preference measure others have used. Results. Validating the measure in a model of roll‐call voting reveals that the importance of legislators' ideologies is similar to that of their party affiliations. Conclusions. A useful measure of legislators' ideologies can be generated using a postretirement instrument.     

儒家的形上之思

与仅仅沉思对象与本然存在不同,儒家哲学更多关注于世界之"在"与人自身存在的关系,由此展开的,是一种存在与价值、本体论与价值论统一的形而上学路向,这种进路不同于思辨的形而上学,其中包含着值得注意的理论内涵,存在价值的相关性,同时蕴含着实践的意义.儒家将天地的演化与人的价值创造联系起来,以人化的存在为对象世界应有的形态,并在此前提下引出"与天地参".     

意识形态在对外政策中的作用

意识形态在对外政策中的作用是国际关系研究中的一个重要的理论和现实问题.本文从意识形态涵义、特点和功能入手,探讨意识形态与对外政策的关系及意识形态在对外政策中的作用.本文的主要观点是:首先,意识形态通过影响决策者对国家利益的判断而影响国家对外政策的目标选择,如果意识形态导致国家对其利益的错误认识,意识形态将损害国家的现实利益;其次,由于任何意识形态都包含有道义和理想化的政治目标,它可以为国家的对外政策提供道义上的支持,使对外政策显得合理、正义;第三,由于以意识形态的吸引力来实现对外政策目标成本最低而成效最持久稳定,所以,意识形态可以成为实现对外政策目标的最高明的手段.     

意识形态与政治社会化

任何一种社会政治体系都有它的意识形态。意识形态具有鲜明的两重性特点和显著的积极与消极功能。意识形态功能的发挥过程实际上是人们接受意识形态的宣传、灌输并与之认同的过程 ,即意识形态的政治社会化过程。这个过程包括两个方面 :(1)被意识形态化的政治人的塑造和人与人之间的社会关系和政治关系的再生产过程 ,即社会和政治制度的延续过程 ;(2 )霸权理论的形成及其整合社会的过程 ,尤其是不同意识形态之间的对立、冲突和斗争的过程。社会主义国家要想在与资本主义意识形态的斗争中立于不败之地 ,就必须发展和完善社会主义的意识形态理论 ,发展哲学社会科学 ,加强对社会意识形态的传播和政治社会化     

The Ideology, Policy and Practice of Adult Probation Service in Israel

Summary This paper presents the findings of a study that sought to identifythe dominant characteristics of the Adult probation servicein Israel. An examination of the professional ideology of probationofficers, the policy and the practice of the service indicatedthat the probation service in Israel tends to emphasize theintra-psychic treatment model. According to this model, crimeis rooted in psychological causes and thus the goal of probationis to generate intra-psychic change in the offender. As such,probation officers are primarily engaged in therapy aimed atidentifying the individual pathology of the probationeer andat treating it. This model of probation differs significantlyfrom that which characterizes probation services in the UK andthe USA. Various explanations are offered for this.