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Collective bargaining requires that an agent represent workers. This paper examines the implications for the trade union movement
of the resulting agency costs. Without transferable rights in the union, union members lack the means and incentive to bring
forth the innovative agent controls common to the modern corporation. Considerations of the bargaining strengths of employers
and employees, each represented by an agent, provide an explanation of the simultaneous decline of private sector union membership
(corporate share holders have been more successful at lowering agency costs) and growth of public sector union representation
(where the union official, a “double agent,” serves the interest of both employee and bureaucratic employer).
The authors acknowledge the helpful remarks Donald L. Martin whose earlier research on property rights in unions inspired
this effort. Don Bellante’s work was supported by a grant from the Research Committee of the College of Business Administration,
University of South Florida. 相似文献
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In this paper, we provide a lower bound estimate of the labor market costs of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. The conflict
is quantified by the number of overseas foreign workers in the Israeli labor market and the frequency of temporary closures
of the West Bank and Gaza Strip. IV estimates, which exploit a source of exogenous variation in the number of overseas foreign
workers, yield significant negative effects of the conflict on Palestinian employment rates in Israel and monthly earnings.
Our cost-of-conflict estimates are also relevant for the literature on the economics of immigration. 相似文献
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Jung Kwak PhD 《Journal of aging & social policy》2013,25(3):340-352
This paper describes initiatives to privatize the Medicare program over the last 10 years and the implications of these initiatives for the future of retirement security. Our analysis focuses on the privatization provisions of the Medicare Modernization Act, which is largely designed to benefit the corporate health care sector without containing costs or significantly reducing the threat of rising health care costs to the economic security of current and future retirees. In fact, as designed, the Medicare Modernization Act is likely to increase the threat to retirement security in the years ahead. We conclude with a series of policy alternatives to the neoliberal agenda for the privatization of Medicare. 相似文献
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The labor supply effects of child care costs and wages in the presence of subsidies and the earned income tax credit 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Chris M. Herbst 《Review of Economics of the Household》2010,8(2):199-230
This paper uses CPS and SIPP data between 1990 and 2004 to examine the effects of child care expenditures and wages on the
employment of single mothers. It adds to the literature in this area by incorporating explicit controls for child care subsidies
and the EITC into the estimation. Doing so provides an opportunity to examine mothers’ sensitivity to prices and wages net
of policies that influence these amounts. Results suggest that lower child care expenditures, higher wages, and more generous
subsidy and EITC benefits increase the likelihood of employment. Allowing the impact of child care subsidies and the EITC
to vary with expenditures and wages reveals substantial heterogeneity. In particular, the largest labor supply effects of
child care subsidies are generated for mothers with higher child care costs, while the largest labor supply effects of the
EITC are found for mothers with lower wages. 相似文献
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Several Latin American countries have fully or partially privatizedtheir public pensions since the 1980s. In 1995 Mexico privatizedits public pension system, including a shift from a definedbenefit to defined contribution system based on privately administeredindividual accounts. This article uses feminist criteria toevaluate the gender impact of welfare regimes and concludesthat the Mexican pension privatization will have a negativeeffect on womens welfare in old age. 相似文献
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Paul Cook 《Development policy review : the journal of the Overseas Development Institute》1992,10(4):403-408
Book reviewed in this article: Adjusting Privatisation. By Christopher Adam, William Cavendish and Percy S. Mistry Public Enterprises in Kenya. By Barbara Grosh 相似文献
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Even when efficiency gains can be expected from contracting out municipal services, it surprisingly rarely occurs. Political
pressure by interest groups, especially unions, is usually assumed responsible. We argue that the effectiveness of such pressure
is actually a function of a service’s “transparency,” which determines voter’s knowledge of the quality and cost of the service
as well as the tax burden. A model is presented of the interplay between union opposition to contracting and service transparency.
Policies are offered to increase transparency and make contracting optimal for governments. 相似文献
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Djordje Popov 《Transition Studies Review》2004,11(3):196-209
The paper analyzes the privatization process with the participation of foreign investments in countries in transition. Privatization is a necessity in transition countries as a prerequisite of the move to a market economy. Foreign investments are of great importance for the economies of the transition countries, not only to inject necessary capital but also to provide access to new technologies, new markets, and organizational and marketing expertise. For the successful initiation and implementation of these processes, some basic requirements are to be met; namely, to assure more adequate protection of property rights and upgrade legislation related to privatization and foreign investments. 相似文献
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The post‐1980s have seen increasing struggles over rights to water. Water rights have involved intense protests and campaigns against privatization of water including bottling of water and advocacy for citizens control of water. We review scholarly work to focus on four main aspects: the complexities intertwining globalization processes, the state, and water rights; collective ownership of water resources; peoples’ participating in managing and using water; and the campaigns against privatization which have emerged in both the developing and developed world in different ways. The conclusion calls for adopting a social movement lens to examine the struggles for water rights by providing some lead research questions around the macro and micro level theoretical approaches. 相似文献
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We examine the labor-cost savings associated with privatization by comparing earnings and employment trends of public and private sector refuse workers. Findings suggest that high union earnings for workers in the public sector are a source of labor-cost savings in the refuse industry. Evidence on job changers does not indicate that earnings for this group of workers are a compensating differential. Metropolitan area employment findings suggest that municipalities are less likely to use union refuse workers in the public sector when a relatively small percentage of area residents belong to a union. 相似文献
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为改变我国公用事业领域政府垄断经营的模式,提高公用事业产品供给的效率和质量,近年来我国公用事业进行了民营化改革。但在公用事业民营化过程中存在两大风险:一是公用事业由政府垄断经营变成企业垄断经营的风险;二是政府设租机会增加的风险。为了有效地化解这些风险,可以在企业取得公用事业经营权之前和之后两个阶段,采取强化政府监管责任的防范措施。 相似文献
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Wallace Hendricks 《Journal of Labor Research》1994,15(3):207-234
Cross-sectional data drawn from the March CPS from 1968 to 1988 and the May CPS from 1973 to 1988 are used to estimate the
impact of deregulation on labor earnings in trucking, telephones, bus transportation, airlines, and railroads. Both average
differentials and union-nonunion differentials are computed. Contrary to popular belief, deregulation does not reduce earnings
in many of these industries. Implications for theories of regulatory impact are discussed. 相似文献
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The study on job sharing couples and employers in academia found that, for the couples, the shared and flexible work schedule is conducive to increased cooperation and sharing of work and domestic-related activities, independent of gender, and to enhanced intimacy. Because of how the couples use their “surplus” time, they are working more, not less. Employers recognize the increased productivity, but tend to attribute it to their special couple(s) and not to the alternative work structure. Many employers resist job sharing because part-time work is not considered professional. 相似文献