上海全球城市网络节点枢纽功能、主要战略通道和平台经济体系建设

枢纽功能是节点城市的基本功能,取决于城市所在区位、城市之间连接的物质设备、技术基础等条件.在建设全球城市进程中,上海应确立交通、科创、产业、区域四大枢纽功能.枢纽功能在城市之间流动空间的发挥,需有功能性战略通道的支撑.上海战略通道重点是“一带一路”的区域战略通道和高端服务业总部集聚的价值战略通道.全球城市的功能体现在资源配置上,而功能的实现需要功能性组织机构和功能性平台,上海需要加强建设不同类型的城市平台经济.     

全球超级城市经济体发展的共同特征及对我国的启示借鉴

目前,我国上海、北京、广州、深圳等城市GDP总量已经突破2万亿元,进入全球城市TOP20行列。认真分析纽约、伦敦、巴黎、东京等GDP早已迈入2万亿元经济体的顶尖全球城市的共同发展特征,对我国建设全球城市意义重大。这些共同特征和启示借鉴是:大力建设国际交通枢纽,金融业成为高端资源配置的强有力手段,强化城市的制造业根基,消费升级推动文化创意产业快速发展,跨国公司是全球资源配置的主导力量,持续创新是城市发展转型的根本驱动力,依靠开放发展推动贸易旅游业增长。     

休闲产业：城市经济发展的文化路径

休闲产业是文化经济化和经济文化化的契合点,发展休闲产业是工业化中后期城市转型发展的战略选择,是体验消费背景下城市经济发展的文化路径。发展休闲产业对于完善城市功能、丰富城市文化内涵、提升高端要素聚集能力、推动产业升级、促进城市内涵式发展、增强可持续发展能力和核心竞争力具有综合性、整体性、长远性、全方位的战略意义。应站在科学发展的高度,把休闲产业作为城市发展的战略产业,纳入经济社会发展的总体规划和城市建设的总体布局。     

天津市高端服务业发展的路径分析

当前,高端服务业一词频繁走进人们的视野,其发展也日益引起人们的重视,国内许多城市都加大了对高端服务业的支持力度。深圳市2007年率先出台《关于加快深圳市高端服务业发展的若干意见》;北京市决定大力发展会展、体育休闲、金融服务和文化创意等高端服务业,培育首都经济新增长点;上海市突出以总部经济和服务业集聚区建设为抓手,壮大高端服务业;     

城市经济转型与上海国际航运中心建设

“十二五”时期是上海经济转型的重要时期。上海大力发展航运业,建设国际航运中心有利于促进城市产业规模的提高,带动城市产业升级与经济转型,实现腹地城市之间的互动发展;同时也会带来城市环境污染、交通拥挤和港口非良性竞争等负面效应。因此,上海国际航运中心建设需要借鉴国际经验和惯例,通过先行先试,不断创新体制、机制和政策,必须从过去单纯追求“量”的外延式增长转变为注重“质”的内涵式发展,由传统意义的货物集散中心迈向现代意义的资源配置中心。为此,上海港口与航运服务业必须率先转变发展方式、调整产业结构、创新服务功能、实现错位异构发展。在上述分析基础上,提出上海城市转型时期国际航运中心建设的主要对策。     

上海建设国际现代服务型大都市的战略思考

上海作为国际大都市与长三角龙头,必须以服务业为主确定区域发展目标,发挥对长三角与中国经济发展的引领与带动作用。但与纽约、伦敦等其他国际服务型大都市相比,上海存在明显的现代服务经济功能缺失,而这种缺失又影响到中国经济的转型升级。如何把上海建设成为现代服务业示范区,如何改变服务业比重始终处于＂滞后＂状态,如何通过发展现代服务业为进一步生产或者最终消费提供服务的中间投入,本文提出了一些建议。     

广州发展战略性新兴产业路线图研究

从产业整体结构绩效评估看,广州正在延伸出各种增长潜力巨大的新兴技术和产业,基本趋势是技术创新驱动、服务业高端化和文化软实力提升。紧紧抓住建设国家中心城市的战略机遇,广州要推动国家中心城市优先领域发展,促进国际大都市竞争领域发展和奠定国家创新型城市长期发展领域基础。充分考虑战略性新兴产业活动的空间价值链分布,形成战略性新兴产业发展的区域合理分工格局,加快推进支撑战略性新兴产业的中心城区知识密集型服务业发展。     

以智慧城市建设引领城市转型

建设智慧城市,既是现代城市发展的重要方向和目标,也是推动我国城市转型的重要动力。智慧城市建设从推动产业升级、发展绿色交通、改善人居环境以及提升城市综合承载力等方面引导我国城市加快转型。当前,进一步发挥智慧城市引领城市转型作用,应从以下几个方面努力：顶层设计,统筹规划;政府主导,市场参与;科学评价,正确引导;循序渐进,重点突破。     

我国城市新区产城融合状态、经验与路径选择

从产城融合的提出与内涵出发,依据产业与城镇化协调发展三种状态类型判断我国城市新区产城融合发展程度较低,表现为滞后城镇化特征。通过梳理和总结深圳坪山新区、上海青浦新城和四川天府新区三个新区促进产城融合的做法,研究认为我国城市新区产城融合发展要把握特色小镇建设机遇,以新区综合发展规划为基础;以促进人口市民化为核心促进生产空间和生活空间融合,提升人口在新区居留意愿和获得感;强化交通、基本公共服务配套建设,促使具有单一产业发展功能的园区转型为集现代高端产业、居住商业生活为一体的新城区,实现新区人口与产业、城镇化良性互动发展。     

新型城镇建设是经济转型升级的重要引擎

当前我国正处于经济转型升级过程中,以绿色、智慧和人文发展为引领的新型城镇建设是落实“五大发展理念”、提高城市发展质量和促进经济转型升级的重要引擎.尤其是基础设施与城市建筑的绿色智能化改造,城市产业发展智慧化的意义重大,市场空间广阔.     

《珠江三角洲地区改革发展规划纲要》的理论思考

国家正式出台的《珠江三角洲地区改革发展规划纲要》是引领支撑未来全局性改革与发展的纲领性文件。《纲要》着眼于调整城市功能布局与定位,以区域经济一体化为手段强化城市群合作,强调珠三角对省内外周边地区的辐射带动,对提升珠三角地区城市群的竞争力具有重大意义。作为省会城市的广州,应充分利用省会城市优势提高辐射带动能力,发展高端服务业提升广州的服务业辐射水平,同时也要加大研发投入,增强广州自主创新能力。     

世界城市创意产业发展及经验总结

基于纽约、伦敦及东京三市创意产业发展分析,可以看到这些世界城市创意产业已经逐渐走出了创意产业集聚发展的园区建设模式,更多关注城市核心区域与非核心区域的全面均衡发展,关注文化创意的传承与演化,具体表现在城市居民多样化、建设主体多元化、创意区域拓展化等方面。期冀国内城市在创意产业发展中也积极促进园区与社区的互动,把园区建成子区域文化中心,吸引普通居民的广泛创意参与。     

Participation in the city: where do women fit in?

Women's priorities have often been ignored in the design of human settlements, the location of housing, and the provision of urban services. New forms of urban partnership are needed to develop participatory processes which include women and men at all stages of urban development. Participation is most commonly associated with political participation or activity. The author gives an overview of the "gendered city", then looks at how men and women benefit and contribute to urban life, through examples of opportunities for making a living and for using urban resources and services. She then moves away from participation as entitlement to consider participation as empowerment, looking at some problems faced by women in public office and grassroots organizations. The paper concludes in arguing that a gender perspective will not inform urban policy and planning processes automatically. Sections discuss gender and poverty in the city, making a living in the city, urban planning as a gender issue, getting around the city, access to resources and services, violence in the city, women's participation in urban governance, women's representation in public office, community organization and advocacy, men and gender issues, and forging linkages through participation.     

Comparing community garden typologies of Baltimore,Chicago, and New York City (USA) to understand potential implications for socio-ecological services

Urban community gardens offer unique social and ecological benefits in cities. However, given the dynamic nature of cities and the profound effects of variable land uses on green space provisioning for people and wildlife, investigating community gardens from a landscape perspective offers valuable insight into the functions of these spaces in terms of ecosystem services and sustainable development. In this study, we use garden locations provided by stakeholder groups and fine-scale spatial data to compare community gardens across three cities: New York City, NY, Chicago, IL, and Baltimore, MD (USA). In each city, we assess the spatial distribution of gardens and compare the natural vegetation and impervious surface cover within these gardens to the surrounding neighborhood and landscape. We then compared these cities to clarify the role of community gardens in metropolitan development. Our findings demonstrate that gardens cluster in neighborhoods in New York City and Chicago, but they are more spatially distributed across the landscape in Baltimore. The distribution of Baltimore’s community gardens is more likely to be contributing to a greater network of ecosystem services across a broader urban landscape. Moreover, at the garden scale, gardens in NYC and Chicago have more canopy cover and built infrastructure than the more herbaceous gardens in Baltimore. This suggests that our case study cities exhibit different garden typologies, histories, and potential for ecosystem services. This work provides critical insight into the typology in and around community gardens in different cities, which is useful in understanding the potential ecosystem services and planning trajectories of these cities.

     

以社会公共设施为导向促进新城发展——基于上海市松江新城建设的调查

发展新城是上海解决城市问题的一个必然选择,但是经过长时间的发展却并不成功。通过对中心城以及松江新城的调研发现,新城发展忽视了高质量社会公共设施缺失的问题,从而导致新城对中心城依赖性大,独立性差。因此,理想新城的建设必须重视公共服务设施导向的开发,同时结合快速便捷的公共交通系统,才能最终真正实现新城优化城市布局和产业结构,促进区域均衡发展的目的。     

金融与上海国际航运中心联动研究

金融与航运之间关系是互融、互动和互推关系。金融政策、投资、创新、服务等推动航运发展。上海国际航运中心的金融服务领域由环节向整个产业链不断拓宽,手段由传统方式向新方式不断创新,区域由上海向长三角地区不断延伸,政策由限制性向鼓励性不断深化,市场由单一向全面综合不断扩大,机构由＂点＂向＂团＂不断集聚。要抓住中央给予上海的先行先试政策和国际航运金融等服务业向上海转移的机遇,创新金融体制机制和金融服务手段,大力发展航运金融、物流金融,着眼于服务整个航运产业链,努力在离岸金融、保险与再保险等领域中有所突破,在提升金融综合服务水平中推动上海国际航运中转和高端航运服务业发展。     

Ecosystem services of urban green spaces in African countries—perspectives and challenges

The concept of ecosystem goods and services is increasingly used to describe how biodiversity and ecosystems are linked to human well-being and that it should be placed at the core of sustainable urban development. Predictions of a tremendous future increase of urbanization in Africa necessitate an investigation into the research on ecosystem goods and services in the urban green infrastructure of Africa. Ecosystem goods and services (ES) are described as the benefits humans derive directly or indirectly from ecosystem functions and are classified as supporting, provisioning, regulating and cultural services. A literature study focusing on journal papers was conducted. Additionally a case study based on two masters studies was further refined. ES studies in African cities are biased towards South Africa and include assessments and economic valuations in which several different methods were used to determine direct consumptive and non-consumptive and indirect use values. Emphasis was placed on the multifunctional nature of ES. The main objectives of these studies were to sensitize policy makers, planners and the general public about the importance of biodiversity and ES. Ecosystem-based adaptation is discussed as the most appropriate approach in terms of applying knowledge about ES and their values in African cities as many residents still rely on ES from natural areas, but the major ecological, economic and political challenges are acknowledged. A case study focusing on domestic gardens (private green spaces) have indicated that the demand and supply of certain ES differ along a socio-economic gradient due to poor service delivery and smaller plots in the poorer areas mainly due to the legacy of separate development of the past. Where provisioning services are mainly outsourced in cities, it was found that plant species useful as food, medicine, etc. were more frequent in the gardens of poorer residents than in those of more affluent areas. The tendency to pay more for residential properties close to public open spaces, as in Europe, could not be statistically proven in the more affluent areas of a South African city, although the property values in proximity of public open spaces in some of the areas studied were lower than further away.     

生态文明视域下宜居城市构建路径探析:基于重庆的实证研究

基于生态文明理念,以重庆市为实证研究对象,采用案例分析、层次分析法、风玫瑰分析法对重庆宜居城市建设的现状进行了评价分析,发现重庆市的生态宜居性总体水平较差,虽然其经济发展与基础设施建设良好,但是文化教育、生态环境、社会保障三项指标存在明显短板。在今后的建设中,重庆应该积极寻求"新常态"下高效率、低成本、可持续的宜居城市建设之路,坚持五大功能区的定位延续其组团式的城市空间格局,大力发展生态产业,完善城市公共服务体系,加强科教文卫事业的投入,以此构建山水城市、宜居城市。     

航运中心与城市协调发展的国际经验与上海策略

国际重要的经济中心城市大多同时也是重要的国际航运中心,如中国香港、新加坡、伦敦、纽约、鹿特丹等。＂十二五＂期间,上海处在一个发展的关键时期。＂创新驱动、转型发展＂成为上海建设国际航运中心的迫切要求,因此,处于城市经济转型时期的上海必须建设具有全球航运资源配置能力的国际航运中心,实现上海国际航运中心与上海城市的协调发展。本文结合世界主要国际航运中心的实际,分析国际航运中心与城市协调发展可供借鉴的经验,提出目前上海国际航运中心建设与城市发展之间面临的矛盾与问题,并从集疏运体系和港城一体化角度提出上海国际航运中心与城市实现协调发展的对策建议。