对推进中国特色城镇化的思考——兼议大珠三角城市群建设

论述了城镇化对于中国未来发展的重要意义,分析了世界城市化的发展及经验教训,并就中国城镇化推进中需要注意的问题进行剖析,进而指出中国应走特色城镇化之路。文章并就珠三角在中国城镇化进程中应发挥先行作用进行了论述。     

中国城镇化如何推进?

中国城镇化涉及面广,操作流程复杂,且规模巨大,机制独特。如何理解中国城镇化的复杂性及其内在机制,及如何选择中国城镇化战略,需要理论界和政策部门更多深入讨论。2012年9月7日,李克强在省部级领导干部推进城镇化研讨班学员座谈会上的讲话《协调推进城镇化是实现现代化的重大战略选择》中包含了若干重要论断、列举了大量数据,对研究和探索城镇化问题,推进中国未来的城镇化之路十分有参考价值。     

中原经济区新型城镇化建设进程中的问题探究

新型城镇化是具有中国特色、健康的城镇化,是我国实现现代化的必经之路。中原经济区的新型城镇化建设进程中存在着很多问题和机遇,解决好问题,抓住机遇,以人为本,走多元化的城镇化道路,才能保证中原经济区新型城镇化建设稳步推进。     

中国城镇化:历史道路、制度根源与国际经验

中国城镇化发展的每一个历史阶段,都对应了中国经济社会发展中需要解决的核心问题。当前中国城镇化发展面临的瓶颈,其形成有深刻的社会历史制度根源。要从全球及中国发展大战略的角度,历史性地考察中国城镇化道路的历史演变及其逻辑,探寻中国城镇化发展瓶颈的社会历史制度根源,并借鉴国际经验,推动新型城镇化的健康发展。为此,需要在战略认知方面,突破城镇化发展传统思维的束缚,形成创新性的新型城镇化发展战略的理念;在制度建构方面,形成推动和保障城镇化发展的有针对性的战略框架;在动员多元主体力量与资源方面,要实行多元主体间的协调合作,打造城镇化发展的组织化支持系统。     

谈新型城镇化背景下传统文化的传承与利用问题

文化是民族的血脉,它对人们的生活有着深刻的影响。当代中国的城镇化,是以城镇化为中心全面推进的新型城镇化。任何事业的发展都有其深厚的文化根源,在新型城镇化建设的进程中印上传统文化的烙印意义重大。如何在新的历史时期传承好中国传统文化,使新型城镇化具有传统文化的色彩,成为当摆在我们面前的重要问题。本文从新型城镇化背景下传统文化传承与利所面临的问题和新型城镇化进程中传承与利用传统文化的途径两个方面进行了阐述。     

新型城镇化建设中农民土地流转问题的分析——以河南省部分乡镇为例

在十八届三中全会中,审议决定将新型城镇化建设作为统筹城乡一体化发展的头等问题。新型城镇化是我国全面实现小康社会的重中之重,也是实现现代化的核心所在。虽然新型城镇化一直强调以人为核心的城镇化,但实际上,土地的城镇化同样也是一个不可忽视的重点。农民关心问题的焦点集中反映在土地问题上,而农村土地制度的核心是土地承包经营权制度,致使农村土地承包经营权流转制度成为农村土地承包经营权制度的重要内容。只有真正解决好了新型城镇化建设中土地流转的问题,才能实现新型城镇化,实现中华民族的伟大复兴,增强中国的综合国力。     

珠三角城镇化的现状、问题及对策

伴随着改革开放的不断发展和推进,三十多年来,中国的城镇化发展进程有了一定的提升。尤其是珠江三角洲地区的城镇化发展水平更是取得了显著的成绩。伴随着国内情况的不断发展以及国际形势的不断冲击,如何克服城镇化发展进程中出现的种种问题,这成为一个值得关注的焦点问题。在城镇化发展过程中,仍然出现了一些有关土地、人口、环境方面的问题,阻碍了城镇化的不断推进,更成为了制约珠江三角洲地区经济发展的主要障碍因素。本篇文章从当前珠江三角洲城镇化发展的现状入手,结合实际情况分析了珠江三角洲城镇化发展过程中出现的问题,并且提出了可行性的建议和对策。希望可以为珠江三角洲地区未来城镇化的发展提供一些思路和借鉴。     

新型城镇化建设路线图

国务院参事,著名经济学家任玉岭在与本刊特约顾问朱敏对话时指出,作为农业大国,要解映中国的"三农"问题,就必须通过城镇化道路,分流和减少农民。任玉岭强调,必须看到,对城镇化的认识,决定着城镇化的命运。当今在大力推进新型城镇化之时,最重要的是在为什么推进城镇化和怎样推进城镇化方面找准位置,端正方向。     

我国新型城镇化建设的路径分析

城镇化是经济社会发展的必然结果。经过半个多世纪的发展,中国城镇化取得了令世人瞩目的成就,进入了高速发展的阶段,但仍然存在很多问题,我国城镇化有很明显的政府烙印;农村经济社会发展滞后;农民的总体素质与农民市民化的要求不相适应;"城市病"问题突出。为解决这些问题,我们必须提高城镇化质量;统筹城乡发展;构建进城农民素质教育大平台;有序推进农业转移人口市民化,将生态文明理念和原则融入城镇化的全过程。     

新型城镇化发展中的关键问题:农民工住房保障

我国城镇化进程是随着改革开放的不断深入而发展的,2011年城镇化率超过了50%.党的十八大提出走中国特色的新型城镇化道路,这是对原有城镇化提出的新要求以及要探索的新的发展模式.在实施新型城镇化发展战略中需要解决的关键问题是农民工住房保障问题,这是城镇化发展进程中积累的问题,而解决农民工住房问题,现阶段只能通过住房保障.     

全面推进上海“城中村”改造土地政策研究

“城中村”作为城市化的一种特有现象,已逐渐演化为影响城市品质和居住品质的巨大障碍,同时制约着城市土地的集约利用水平的提高。在上海市城市化进程加速、人口日益膨胀、中心城区土地资源供应越来越少的背景下,“城中村”所贮存土地的战略重要性越加明显。上海可通过健全现有土地储备制度、完善土地出让办法、完善安置补偿政策、加大规划政策支持力度等举措,全面推进“城中村”改造。     

近郊集体所有制土地产权换股权试点方案研究

随着城市化的不断推进,部分农村集体土地被转换为城市建设用地。涉及城市化的农村居民理应分享到土地资源优化配置的财富性收益,同时完成农民到市民的身份转换。上海近郊在城市化过程中对建设用地的需求越来越大,经济发展和保护农民合法权益是必须处理好的一对重要关系。从现有经验看,集体所有制土地产权换股权是合理利用、优化配置郊区集体所有制土地,协调好产业发展与农民权益保障的有效改革路径,也是上海实现包容性城市化发展、消除新二元结构的重要制度创新。     

Tourism-driven urbanization in China’s small town development: A case study of Zhapo Town, 1986-2003

This paper investigates the process of tourism-driven urbanization as a local strategy of town development in China. Existing literature has highlighted the role of industrialization in the urbanization process of China’s small towns, but here it is suggested that tourism - a development initiative based on the creation of space for consumption, rather than production - can also foster significant expansion of urbanized built environment and remarkable transformation of local socio-economic structures. The case study suggests that, in contrast to the recent process of industrialization-based urbanization in China’s small towns, tourism urbanization in Zhapo Town, Guangdong Province has been a highly localized development initiative characterized by the absence of foreign capital investment. Tourism-driven urbanization in Zhapo has involved several processes whose joint effect has reproduced the local socio-spatial organization: the rapid of expansion of urbanized built environment; a unique pattern of land use and land development; the booming of tertiary economic sectors; and the emergence of a flexible regime of labor force. In the meantime, the research also contests Mullins’ (1991) classical theorization of tourism urbanization, and suggests that recent tourism-driven urbanization process in Zhapo Town is not the product of the post-modernization of urban cultural manifestations, but is situated within the context-specific space of China’s modernity and is based on relatively standardized provision of tourism-related service and the mass consumption of nature.     

农村宅基地流转的风险防范

我国农村宅基地使用权制度产生于计划经济和城乡二元结构背景下,随着社会主义市场经济体制的进一步完善以及全国城市化、工业化的深入发展,这一制度已与城乡一体化、资源集约利用之间产生较大矛盾。进行农村宅基地流转,有利于农村土地集约节约利用;有利于增加农民财产性收入;有利于推进新型城镇化和加快城市化进程;有利于推动农业现代化建设和解决“三农”问题。当前推进农村宅基地流转的关键在于减少农村宅基地数量、盘活土地资源存量、提高土地资源利用效率;在此基础上,兼顾增加农民收入。     

对我国城市化健康发展的理论思考——城乡统筹发展的视角

本文简要回顾了我国近10年来城市化快速发展的理论和政策背景,指出快速城市化进程中存在土地、能源等自然资源过渡消耗和浪费问题,也存在重城轻乡等突出社会问题;采用人口供需平衡的方法,分析评价了我国人口城市化水平同经济发展水平、工业化水平和土地城市化的关系;对城市化加速理论进行剖析,认为我国当前工业化技术体系不适用于机器技术体系下城市化加速的经验规律,应该结合我国新型工业化的要求走资源节约型的新型城市化道路;建议适当降低城市化发展目标与速度,纠正城市化过程中＂城市偏向＂和＂以物为本＂的做法,体现国家赋予城市化带动农村发展的重任,实现城乡统筹发展。     

略论实现长三角地区城市化与土地供应之间的平衡

本文立足于长江三角洲在全国的重要经济地位和城市化的必要性,针对长三角地区城市化所产生的问题,指出其对长三角和全国经济发展的影响,并根据中央经济工作会议提出的城市化新思路、新战略,对城市化与土地供应的关系进行研究,分析城市化布局错位的现状及产生的问题,重点从大城市与中小城市及小城镇的协调发展、投资人的去向、农民工的流动、农家居的分布等四个方面进行详细解析,指出解决城市化与土地供应平衡的具体措施,从而为下一步更好的推进城市化发展提供思路及建议。     

Land fragmentation under rapid urbanization: A cross-site analysis of Southwestern cities

Explosive population growth and increasing demand for rural homes and lifestyles fueled exurbanization and urbanization in the western USA over the past decades. Using National Land Cover Data we analyzed land fragmentation trends from 1992 to 2001 in five southwestern cities associated with Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) sites. We observed two general fragmentation trends: expansion of the urbanized area leading to fragmentation in the exurban and peri-urban regions and decreased fragmentation associated with infill in the previously developed urban areas. We identified three fragmentation patterns, riparian, polycentric, and monocentric, that reflect the recent western experience with growth and urbanization. From the literature and local expert opinion, we identified five relevant drivers ?C water provisioning, population dynamics, transportation, topography, and institutions ?C that shape land use decision-making and fragmentation in the southwest. In order to assess the relative importance of each driver on urbanization, we linked historical site-specific driver information obtained through literature reviews and archival analyses to the observed fragmentation patterns. Our work highlights the importance of understanding land use decision-making drivers in concert and throughout time, as historic decisions leave legacies on landscapes that continue to affect land form and function, a process often forgotten in a region and era of blinding change.     

新型城镇化与经济转型:反思与借鉴

目前,我国已开始步入工业化中期阶段,城镇化也迈入了从传统城镇化向新型城镇化转变的关键时期。城镇化发展具有一般规律性,即阶段性、要素集聚与扩散以及经济发展水平决定规律。我国城镇化发展过程中伴随的是掠夺式扩张和线性发展模式,土地和政府助推了城镇化的粗放发展模式。因此,对我国现阶段新型城镇化过程进行反思,并借鉴国外城镇化的成功经验,创新城镇化发展战略与路径模式,对于推进我国现代化、实现富民强国具有重大现实意义。     

Silphids in urban forests: Diversity and function

Many ecologists have examined the process of how urbanization reduces biological diversity but rarely have its ecological consequences been assessed. We studied forest-dwelling burying beetles (Coleoptera: Silphidae)—a guild of insects that requires carrion to complete their life cycles—along an urban-rural gradient of land use in Maryland. Our objective was to determine how forest fragmentation associated with urbanization affects (1) beetle community diversity and structure and (2) the ecological function provided by these insects, that is, decomposition of vertebrate carcasses. Forest fragmentation strongly reduced burying beetle diversity and abundance, and did so far more pervasively than urbanization of the surrounding landscape. The likelihood that beetles interred experimental baits was a direct, positive function of burying beetle diversity. We conclude that loss of burying beetle diversity resulting from forest fragmentation could have important ecological consequences in urban forests.     

Interest distribution in the process of coordination of urban and rural construction land in China

Since the onset of rapid economic development and urbanization, China’s land resources—rather than capital, technology and human resources—have become the lead limiting factor in constraining economic growth. Coordination of urban and rural construction land (CURCL) can be a very effective means for reducing conflicts between economic development and land protection. This research examines the roles of stakeholders involved in the CURCL process. The reasons why the interests of legitimated stakeholders were encroached upon are analyzed and countermeasures to protect the interests of legitimated stakeholders are proposed. Ambiguously defined property rights for owners of rural construction land, unclear conceptions of the public interest, and overlap of power and interest among multiple levels of authority are the reasons why legitimated stakeholders’ interests were encroached upon. Legitimizing construction land ownership clearly, better defining the multiple conceptions of public interest, opening up express channels for expression of the public interest, and clarifying governments’ functions in land interest adjustment are the countermeasures to protect the interests of legitimated stakeholders.