感知风险与信任及其对网上购物意愿的影响

网上购物这种新兴的购物方式受到众多营销学者的关注。消费者的感知风险对购物意愿有显著影响、信任问题也与感知风险息息相关,在网络购物环境下。信任与感知风险产生对抗平衡作用,共同对消费者的网上购物意愿产生影响。     

创业机会真能促进创业意愿产生吗——基于创业自我效能与感知风险的混合效应研究

本文在国内外研究的基础上,开发出了创业自我效能、感知风险、创业机会识别与创业意愿之间关系的概念模型。通过中国创业者的调查数据,检验了创业自我效能、感知风险对创业机会识别与创业意愿之间混合作用关系。研究结果表明,创业机会识别有助于创业意愿产生;创业自我效能在显著影响创业意愿的同时还具有显著的中介效应,但有调节的中介效应不显著;感知风险显著影响创业意愿,具有显著的调节效应的同时还具有显著的有中介的调节效应,这方面的效应在创业者感知损失上体现的尤为突出。     

扶贫标签对消费者购买意愿的影响--感知价值与客观信息披露的作用

基于信号传递、信息加工与消费者感知价值理论,构建以消费者感知价值为中介变量、以客观信息披露为调节变量的理论模型,探索扶贫标签与消费者购买意愿之间的作用机制。从实证分析可知:扶贫标签对消费者购买意愿的正向影响是显著的;在扶贫标签和消费者购买意愿的影响路径中,消费者感知质量和社会价值起到了完全中介作用;客观信息披露起到了负向的调节作用。     

拟人化机器人完美代替人工？——一个有调节的中介效应模型

在人工智能技术飞速发展的今天,拟人化机器人的使用进入许多服务消费领域。在这些领域内,鲜有研究关注消费者心理因素对拟人化机器人使用意愿的影响。基于社会排斥与归属需求理论,本研究构建了由社会排斥通过归属感的中介作用影响拟人化机器人使用意愿的有调节中介模型,以自我建构来调节归属感的中介效应。三个实验的结果证明,相比社会接纳,社会排斥降低归属感进而降低消费者对拟人化机器人的使用意愿,通过自我建构调节归属感的中介作用。在独立型自我建构下,归属感不起中介作用;在互依型自我建构下,归属感起完全中介作用。从消费者心理因素的角度出发,本文一方面拓展了关于拟人化机器人使用意愿影响因素的研究视角,另一方面进一步揭示了社会排斥对拟人化机器人使用意愿产生影响的适用背景,以期帮助企业更好地引导消费者使用拟人化机器人。     

产品稀缺诉求影响消费者购买意愿的双中介模型

通过广告传播产品稀缺诉求从而影响消费者购买决策已经非常普遍，甚至已经发展成为许多厂家或商家提高价格、促进销售的重要营销策略。但目前相关研究却比较少，已有研究主要从感知稀缺性和心理抗拒感解构消费者对产品稀缺诉求的反应机制，缺乏从感知竞争性和感知欺骗性视角整合性地探索消费者应对稀缺诉求的心理反应研究，无疑限制了对消费者稀缺效应本质性和全面性的有效洞察。 产品稀缺诉求会对消费者的消费动机和消费行为产生重要影响。当呈现产品稀缺诉求时，一方面会唤起消费者的感知竞争性，从而促使消费者产生促进性的购买意愿；另一方面也会唤起消费者的感知欺骗性，从而促使消费者产生防御性的购买意愿。采用以手机为实验商品的情景模拟研究方法，运用方差分析和Bootstrap方法检验感知竞争性和感知欺骗性的中介机制以及消费者独特性需求对产品稀缺诉求影响消费者感知竞争性和感知欺骗性的调节机制，得出重要研究结论。 4个实验研究结果表明，产品稀缺诉求影响消费者的购买意愿，而且限量稀缺诉求比限时稀缺诉求更能促使消费者产生购买意愿；消费者感知竞争性和感知欺骗性分别独立部分中介产品稀缺诉求对消费者购买意愿的影响，并且均受到消费者独特性需求的调节；消费者感知竞争性和感知欺骗性共同完全中介产品稀缺诉求对消费者购买意愿的影响，而且该共同完全中介过程受到消费者独特性需求的调节。检验结果也发现限量稀缺诉求和限时稀缺诉求在诱发消费者感知欺骗性上并无显著差异。 研究结果不仅对深化和完善产品稀缺理论、感知竞争性理论和感知欺骗性理论等具有重要的理论意义，而且对指导企业正确操作稀缺营销、增强营销效果和帮助消费者正确辨识稀缺诉求动机、理性消费稀缺诉求产品有重要的实践意义。     

新冠疫情风险下企业优惠券的低效及其应对机制

优惠券是企业常用的营销工具,已有研究一般隐含着低外在风险的常态市场环境设定,鲜有探究在高外在风险下优惠券对消费决策的影响。新冠疫情对经济发展和居民消费都产生了深刻影响,为激发消费活力,中国很多企业都推出优惠券活动,但在新冠疫情这一高外在风险背景下,优惠券究竟如何影响消费者决策值得进一步探索。基于信任理论,探索在新冠疫情下消费者对企业优惠券的兑换意愿,并探究消费者对企业的能力信任和善意信任的中介作用,引入信任线索作为调节变量,考察企业应该如何影响消费者对优惠券的感知和态度。通过新冠疫情期间真实的企业优惠券发放和兑换数据,初步检验消费者在新冠疫情期间的优惠券使用情况,结合情景实验明确新冠疫情风险对优惠券兑换意愿的影响机制以及信任线索的调节作用。运用Spss进行方差分析,采用bootstraping法进行中介效应检验,以验证研究假设。研究结果表明,新冠疫情风险会影响消费者对企业优惠券活动的信任水平和优惠券的兑换意愿。研究1a通过二手数据为新冠疫情风险负面影响优惠券兑换率提供了初步证据;研究1b结合情景实验再次发现,在新冠疫情风险下消费者对企业优惠券的信任水平和兑换意愿下降,能力信任和善意信任...     

移动增值服务消费者感知风险前因的实证研究

对移动网络环境下消费者对增值服务的感知风险的前因进行了实证研究,采用问卷法对移动增值服务的主要用户群进行了抽样调查,使用结构方程模型检验了消费者感知信息不对称,感知移动商务技术不确定性、移动增值服务的无形性等三个前因变量分别对消费者感知风险各维度的作用。结果表明消费者感知信息不对称对消费者感知隐私风险、财务风险、功能风险、心理风险和时间风险均有显著的正相关作用;消费者感知技术不确定性仅对感知功能风险、感知财务风险和感知时间风险有显著的正相关作用;而增值服务的无形性则对除感知财务风险之外的其他风险维度均有显著的正相关作用。研究表明增值服务的信息不透明是消费者感知风险的主要来源,另外消费者对移动技术缺乏了解和技术本身的不确定性也会增加消费者感知风险。研究结论为相关企业采取措施降低消费者感知风险,促进移动增值服务的接受提供理论依据。     

消费者感知视角的网络发言人特质对品牌关系投资意愿影响机制研究北大核心CSSCI

本研究将发言人特质与消费者品牌关系投资意愿相联系,目的在于分析前者对品牌声誉和品牌关系投资意愿的作用机理。研究采用结构方程模型方法对假设进行验证,以消费者感知为视角,检验了温暖感知、能力感知和权威感知特质对品牌声誉及品牌关系投资意愿的影响。研究发现,温暖感知和能力感知正向影响品牌声誉及品牌关系投资意愿,权威感知正向影响品牌关系投资意愿,品牌声誉正向影响品牌关系投资意愿;研究还发现,品牌声誉在三个感知特质对品牌关系投资意愿的影响中起中介作用,温暖感知与权威感知对品牌声誉及品牌关系投资意愿的交互作用显著,能力感知与权威感知对品牌声誉及品牌关系投资意愿的交互作用显著。研究结论对丰富发言人效应内涵及其对品牌关系的影响机制较有意义,且为企业的品牌社会化营销提供一定指导。     

商业银行品牌IP拟人化建设研究

通过两个实验,研究验证了个体调节聚焦与拟人化类型的交互对品牌评价影响过程中的作用机制和边界条件。实验表明,防御聚焦的消费者对温暖型拟人化品牌评价更高,其中共有关系规范起中介作用;促进聚焦的消费者对能力型拟人化品牌评价更高,其中交换关系规范起中介作用。低感知风险情境下,防御聚焦（促进聚焦）的消费者更倾向温暖型（能力型）拟人化品牌;高感知风险情境下,无论消费者调节聚焦类型如何,都更偏好能力型的拟人化品牌。     

网络团购情景下价格折扣与购买人数对消费者冲动购买意愿的影响机制研究

随着电子商务的飞速发展,在线冲动购买已成为一种普遍的现象并开始引起研究者们的关注.论文基于S-O-R模型,研究网络团购情景下两个重要因素:价格折扣与购买人数如何通过影响消费者的购买情绪及感知风险,从而影响冲动购买意愿,并提出了冲动购买的形成机制模型.本研究通过一个眼动实验收集眼动数据和问卷数据对理论模型进行了检验.问卷数据的分析结果显示(1)价格折扣与购买人数都对消费者唤起感具有显著积极影响,但只有价格折扣对于消费者感知风险具有消极影响;(2)唤起感与感知风险都通过对愉悦感的积极/消极作用对消费者冲动购买意愿产生影响;(3)购买人数正向调节价格折扣对唤起感的正向作用.眼动数据的分析结果进一步支持了这些结论,并提供了可能的解释.     

The moderating role of social support in Karasek's job strain model

This paper examines whether social support is a boundary-determining criterion in the job strain model of Karasek (1979). The particular focus is the extent to which different sources of social support, work overload and task control influence job satisfaction, depersonalization and supervisor assessments of work performance. Hypotheses are tested using prospective survey data from 80 clerical staff in a university setting. Results revealed 3-way interactions among levels of support (supervisor, co-worker, non-work), perceived task control and work overload on levels of work performance and employee adjustment (self-report). After controlling for levels of negative affect in all analyses, there was evidence that high levels of supervisor support mitigated against the negative effects of high strain jobs on levels of job satisfaction and reduced reported levels of depersonalization. Moreover, high levels of non-work support and co-worker support also mitigated against the negative effects of high strain jobs on levels of work performance. The results are discussed in terms of the importance of social support networks both at, and beyond, the work context.     

Job insecurity, coping resources and personality dispositions in occupational strain

This paper presents research on the relationships between the work-related stressor of perceived job insecurity and various indicators of occupational strain, taking into account employees' personality dispositions (trait negative and positive affectivity) and coping resources. Respondents were 222 Australian public servants surveyed during organizational restructuring that involved downsizing and threat to job certainty. The research was formulated within an adaptation of Osipow, Doty, and Spokane's (1985) framework of stress-strain-coping that included the possible direct as well as moderating effects of personality dispositions in reporting occupational strain (Parkes, 1990). Findings from hierarchical regression analyses indicate consistent significant independent effects of personality dispositions, coping resources and perceived job insecurity on various indicators of strain. There was also support for the moderating roles of negative affectivity and self-care in the relation between perceived job insecurity and physical strain. Implications for the role of dispositional factors, especially negative affectivity, and the utility of various coping resources in accounting for occupational strain in times of threatened job security are discussed.     

Dermal Uptake of 18 Dilute Aqueous Chemicals: In Vivo Disappearance‐Method Measures Greatly Exceed In Vitro‐Based Predictions

Average rates of total dermal uptake (K_up) from short‐term (e.g., bathing) contact with dilute aqueous organic chemicals (DAOCs) are typically estimated from steady‐state in vitro diffusion‐cell measures of chemical permeability (K_p) through skin into receptor solution. Widely used (“PCR‐vitro”) methods estimate K_up by applying diffusion theory to increase K_p predictions made by a physico‐chemical regression (PCR) model that was fit to a large set of K_p measures. Here, K_up predictions for 18 DAOCs made by three PCR‐vitro models (EPA, NIOSH, and MH) were compared to previous in vivo measures obtained by methods unlikely to underestimate K_up. A new PCR model fit to all 18 measures is accurate to within approximately threefold (r = 0.91, p < 10^?5), but the PCR‐vitro predictions (r > 0.63) all tend to underestimate the K_up measures by mean factors (UF, and p value for testing UF = 1) of 10 (EPA, p < 10^?6), 11 (NIOSH, p < 10^?8), and 6.2 (MH, p = 0.018). For all three PCR‐vitro models, log(UF) correlates negatively with molecular weight (r² = 0.31 to 0.84, p = 0.017 to < 10^?6) but not with log(vapor pressure) as an additional predictor (p > 0.05), so vapor pressure appears not to explain the significant in vivo/PCR‐vitro discrepancy. Until this discrepancy is explained, careful in vivo measures of K_up should be obtained for more chemicals, the expanded in vivo database should be compared to in vitro‐based predictions, and in vivo data should be considered in assessing aqueous dermal exposure and its uncertainty.     

Systems Resilience for Multihazard Environments: Definition,Metrics, and Valuation for Decision Making

The United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction reported that the 2011 natural disasters, including the earthquake and tsunami that struck Japan, resulted in $366 billion in direct damages and 29,782 fatalities worldwide. Storms and floods accounted for up to 70% of the 302 natural disasters worldwide in 2011, with earthquakes producing the greatest number of fatalities. Average annual losses in the United States amount to about $55 billion. Enhancing community and system resilience could lead to massive savings through risk reduction and expeditious recovery. The rational management of such reduction and recovery is facilitated by an appropriate definition of resilience and associated metrics. In this article, a resilience definition is provided that meets a set of requirements with clear relationships to the metrics of the relevant abstract notions of reliability and risk. Those metrics also meet logically consistent requirements drawn from measure theory, and provide a sound basis for the development of effective decision‐making tools for multihazard environments. Improving the resiliency of a system to meet target levels requires the examination of system enhancement alternatives in economic terms, within a decision‐making framework. Relevant decision analysis methods would typically require the examination of resilience based on its valuation by society at large. The article provides methods for valuation and benefit‐cost analysis based on concepts from risk analysis and management.     

Job strain and psychotropic drug use among white-collar workers

The main objective of this study was to measure the association between simultaneous exposure to high psychological demand and low decision latitude at work and the use of psychotropic drugs among white-collar workers. A second objective was to determine whether social support at work modified this association. A cross-sectional study was performed that included 2786 workers from the public sector in the Greater Quebec City area. A self-administered questionnaire was used in order to evaluate psychological demand, decision latitude and social support at work. Psychotropic drug use was measured over a period of 2 days. The prevalence of psychotropic drug use among the participants was found to be 3.9%, even though 20.5% were exposed to job strain. The association between job strain and psychotropic drug use, after adjustment for social support at work, age, gender, education, family income, employment status, occupation, stressful life events, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption and physical activity, was statistically significant (odds ratio: 4.5, 95% CI 1.7?12.2). Social support did not appear to modify this association. The results of this study suggest that job strain might be a determinant of psychotropic drug use among white collar workers. Social support at work does not appear, however, to modify this association.     

Role clarity, work overload and organizational support: multilevel evidence of the importance of support

The present study extended the demands-control-support model used in occupational stress research in two ways. First, it hypothesized that role clarity (i.e. role ambiguity), like control, would moderate the relationship between demands and psychological strain. Second, the study assessed support (from leaders) as a macro characteristic of the work-group environment. Data were drawn from a large study of US army soldiers, the study sample consisting of 1786 lower enlisted male soldiers. The inclusion of support as a work-group characteristic lead to a multilevel test of the model. A three-way multilevel interaction among work demands, role clarity and support was observed. As predicted, the relationship between demands and psychological strain was moderated by role clarity; however, this moderating relationship was found only when work-group support was high.     

Leadership, levels of analysis, and déjà vu: Modest proposals for taxonomy and cladistics coupled with replication and visualization

In the inaugural issue of LQ's Yearly Review of Leadership, Hunt and Dodge (2000, p. 442) note that, “Within the last two decades, one of the crucial developments in organizational research in general, and in leadership research specifically, is the articulation of specific levels of analysis and their implications for theory building, measurement, and observation.” Their original observations are updated by extending the inferential logic of Yammarino, Dionne, Chun and Dansereau (2005) to determine if any increase in the utilization of a level of analysis perspective has occurred in the last five years. The possible evolution of leadership theory and analysis is discussed, especially with reference to Relational Leadership Theory, Leader–Member Exchange, and Individualized Dyadic Theory. Proposals incorporating taxonomic and visualization tools as a means to help bridge the stakeholder gap are also offered.     

Information Frictions in Trade

It is costly to learn about market conditions elsewhere, especially in developing countries. This paper examines how such information frictions affect trade. Using data on regional agricultural trade in the Philippines, I first document a number of observed patterns in trade flows and prices that suggest the presence of information frictions. I then incorporate information frictions into a perfect competition trade model by embedding a process whereby heterogeneous producers engage in a costly sequential search process to determine where to sell their produce. I show that introducing information frictions reconciles the theory with the observed patterns in the data. Structural estimation of the model finds that information frictions are quantitatively important: roughly half the observed regional price dispersion is due to information frictions. Furthermore, incorporating information frictions improves the out‐of‐sample predictive power of the model.     

The Economics of Density: Evidence From the Berlin Wall

This paper develops a quantitative model of internal city structure that features agglomeration and dispersion forces and an arbitrary number of heterogeneous city blocks. The model remains tractable and amenable to empirical analysis because of stochastic shocks to commuting decisions, which yield a gravity equation for commuting flows. To structurally estimate agglomeration and dispersion forces, we use data on thousands of city blocks in Berlin for 1936, 1986, and 2006 and exogenous variation from the city's division and reunification. We estimate substantial and highly localized production and residential externalities. We show that the model with the estimated agglomeration parameters can account both qualitatively and quantitatively for the observed changes in city structure. We show how our quantitative framework can be used to undertake counterfactuals for changes in the organization of economic activity within cities in response, for example, to changes in the transport network.     

Modelling end-of-life product recovery chains - a case study

European Union legislation, and existing national legislation of many European countries, mandates that manufacturers take back and recover their electronic and electrical equipment. If manufacturers are to comply with legislation, models need to be developed for these activities. Whilst infrastructural and technological deficits exist and must be addressed, so too must the organization of recovery, from a business perspective. In this paper, models of resource recovery are presented and a case study described.