居住安排变化对老年人死亡风险的影响

本文利用2002~2008年中国老龄健康长寿影响因素跟踪调查(CLHLS)数据,在倾向值加权的基础上,采用含有frailty因子的Cox回归分析法,考察居住安排变化对老年人死亡风险的影响。研究结果表明,居住安排变化对老年人死亡风险存在影响,其中与子女同住变为不同住老人的死亡风险最高。研究结果还表明,考虑了脆弱性因子的回归系数绝对值大于没有考虑脆弱性因子的回归系数绝对值。在本研究中,没有考虑脆弱性因子的同住变为不同住低估了其对死亡风险的作用,而不同住变为同住以及一直同住则高估了其对死亡风险的作用。     

中国老年人的居住方式与其婚姻状况的关系分析

基于追踪调查数据,运用随机效应Probit模型分析老年人的居住方式与其婚姻状况的关系及其在不同性别和不同年龄段上的差异。研究发现,丧偶对老年人的居住方式存在显著影响,老年人在丧偶后更可能与子女同住。然而,在控制配偶照顾因素后,丧偶对老年人居住方式的影响却大幅下降。从性别和年龄上来看,丧偶对女性老年人居住方式的影响大于男性老年人,对高龄老年人的影响大于低龄老年人。同时,研究还发现,在控制人口特征、社会经济以及健康状况变量之后,未观测到的个体异质性对老年人居住方式存在显著影响。     

城市老年人居住方式意愿研究——以北京、天津、上海、重庆为例

利用2005年全国老年人口健康状况调查问卷数据对四个直辖市老年人居住方式意愿进行实证研究。结果显示,实际居住方式、人口因素、经济因素等对大城市老年人居住方式意愿有着显著的影响,健康因素则是通过经济特征对居住方式意愿发生作用的。     

分化与特色:中国老年人的居住安排——对692位老人的调查

文章通过对692位老人调查数据的分析发现:(1)中国城乡老年人的居住安排呈现多样化特征,有67.8%的老年人独立居住;(2)大多数老年人居住的社区针对老年人的服务和设施相当欠缺,尤其是针对残疾老人的设施更是奇缺;(3)老年人在使用社区设施上群体性差异较小;(4)老年人居住上获得包括单位在内的机构的帮助已经很少;(5)住房条件和财产权利构成了中国老年人社会分层的基本尺度。具有与西方发达国家老年人住房安排和选择不一样的特征,这些特征蕴含着中国特色。     

Living Arrangement and Life Satisfaction of the Elderly in South Korea

With a rapid aging population in South Korea, the elderly living alone has received particular attention from researchers and stakeholders. Although previous research has found that living alone negatively affects life satisfaction of the elderly, much remains unclear about how life satisfaction of the elderly changes over time as their living arrangement change. To advance knowledge on life satisfaction of the elderly, using the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging we tested the association between life satisfaction (overall life, health, and financial) of the elderly and their living arrangement. Our longitudinal research found that the elderly living with family had significantly higher life satisfaction compared to those living alone between 2006 and 2016. In addition, individuals who had a superior economic profile and maintained physical activity and social relations showed higher life satisfaction than their counterparts. Our findings suggest that to improve the life satisfaction of the elderly living alone, both material and psychological support programs are needed. Future research is needed to account for the multi-faceted nature of life satisfaction.

     

Causal Inference Between the Health Status and Living Arrangements of Elderly People in China

Social Indicators Research - This study investigates the causal relationship between health conditions and living arrangements of elderly people in contemporary China. The endogeneity between...     

中国老年人的居住安排与变化:2000～2006

基于中国老龄科学研究中心2000年、2006年两次全国性的调查数据,对我国老年人居住安排的特征与变化趋势进行分析。结果表明,虽然三代同住目前仍是我国老年人最主要的居住安排形式,但该比例正在下降,同时只与配偶同住的比例上升。考察不同特征老年人的居住安排特点以及老年人的居住意愿,以期为家庭养老、社区照料服务等方面的研究以及相关政策的制定提供支持。     

老年人口居住安排与居住意愿研究

文章基于2011年中国社会状况调查数据,分析城乡老年人口居住安排现状及居住意愿。研究结果表明,老年人口家庭规模日益缩小,老年空巢家庭数量不仅在城市大幅提高,农村的独居老人家庭比例也在持续上升。在老年人理想居住方式方面,能否自理对老年人的养老意愿产生很大影响。在生活可以自理时,老年人以居家养老为主,希望独居的比例较高;在生活不能自理时,城市老人希望到机构养老和与子女同住的比例提高。此外,婚姻状况、教育程度、居住地类型、生活费来源等对养老的居住安排有显著影响。     

中国的婚居模式与生育行为

本文使用1993、1997和2000年“中国健康与营养调查”纵向追踪数据,探讨在社会转型、经济转轨、人口转变的社会环境下,婚姻居住模式或家庭结构与生育行为之间的关系。运用事件史分析技术(event history analysis),采用离散时间事件模型(discrete time hazard model),我们发现,居住模式影响妇女的生育行为,但其影响因孩次和居住制度而异:对二孩递进的作用大于对一孩递进的影响;从妻居对生育行为的影响不同于从夫居。家庭结构与生育行为的关系反映了代际之间的互动和影响,也反映了不同居住制度下妇女在家庭、家族中的地位和家庭权力结构关系。     

Living Arrangements and the Well-Being of Single Mothers in Japan

The goal of this study is to evaluate the extent to which the well-being of single mothers in Japan is related to coresidence with other adults. Using data from a representative survey of households headed by single mothers, we examine two measures of subjective well-being: perceived economic circumstances and self-rated health. One-fourth of the single mothers surveyed were coresiding with another adult(s) and it is clear that these women fare significantly better than their non-coresiding counterparts on both measures of well-being. Net of several theoretically relevant sociodemographic, family, and employment characteristics, single mothers living with others were significantly less likely to report somewhat difficult/difficult economic circumstances or fair/poor health. Efforts to account for potential endogeneity between well-being and living arrangements suggested that self-rated health, but not subjective economic well-being, is related to selection into coresidence. Single mothers in fair/poor health appear more likely to coreside with others and, accounting for this selection, intergenerational coresidence appears to be very beneficial for self-rated health. We discuss the implications of these findings for processes of stratification in Japan in light of the limited public income support available to single mothers.     

Residential Segregation, Nativity Status, and Hispanic Living Arrangements in Later Life

This study examined the relationship between residential segregation in metropolitan areas and the living arrangements of middle-aged and older Hispanics. We specifically considered whether the relationship between residential segregation and living arrangements was different depending on nativity status. This study also explored whether measures of assimilation were related to living arrangements. Using data from the 2000 Census Public-Use Microdata Sample (5 %), our multilevel logistic regression models showed that residing in metropolitan areas with higher residential segregation indexes of evenness, isolation, and clustering was related to an increased likelihood of living in a co-resident household versus an independent household. We discovered that the relationship was in the same direction for US-born and foreign-born Hispanics but the relationship was stronger for US-born Hispanics. Finally, we found that as assimilation increased, so did the likelihood of living independently and that persons living in the ten largest immigrant gateway cities were most likely to co-reside as compared to live independently. These results underscored the importance of developing theoretic models of ethnic group living arrangements that include characteristics of both individuals and the community.     

Gender, Social Change, and Living Arrangements Among Older Egyptians During the 1990s

We compare older Egyptian women’s and men’s propensities to live with unmarried children only, any ever-married children, and alone, and we assess “kin-keeping” versus “modernization” hypotheses about the effects of social change on living arrangements during 1988–2000. Socioeconomic differences among women and men accounted for much of their crude differences in living arrangements during the period. Propensities to live with any ever-married children declined, and propensities to live alone or with unmarried children only rose. Compared to men, women continued to live more often with any ever-married children and less often with unmarried children only, and the 1988 gender gap in solitary residence disappeared by 2000. Increasing coresidential demands from unmarried dependent children, less frequent coresidential support from ever-married children, and rapidly increasing rates of solitary living especially among older men suggest emerging needs for non-coresidential instrumental support, especially among older Egyptians who are economically disadvantaged.

Intermediate variables and educational differentials in fertility in Korea and the Philippines

This analysis compares the effects of contraceptive use and infant and fetal mortality on the pace offertility in Korea and the Philippines and explores the mediating effects of these intermediate variables on educational differentials in childspacing. For birth intervals initiated in a recent period before a sample survey, second, third and higher-order intervals are examined. Transitions within successive segments of interval exposure (q _xvalues) are examined rather than cumulative transitions (1 - l _xvalues). This methodological choice is substantively important because breastfeeding should primarily affect early segments of exposure and because it allows empirical examination of the timing of the effects of other variables such as contraceptive use. Further, this choice allows multivariate analysis within the structure of the life-table perspective. The results show substantial differences in patterns between Korea and the Philippines, indicate clearly the effect of each intermediate variable, and illustrate how educational differentials in fertility are affected by contraception and infant and fetal mortality.     

Living Arrangements and Quality of Life Among Chinese Canadian Elders

This paper examines the role of living arrangements in thequality of life of community-dwelling Chinese elders (aged 65 andover) currently residing in Vancouver and Victoria, BritishColumbia. Data are based on a random sample of 830 persons[response rate = 71.5%], who were interviewed in their homes inthe language of their choice in 1995–96. Three dimensions ofquality of life – satisfaction, well-being and social support –are examined for married men and women [living with spouse alonevs. living intergenerationally] and widowed women [living alonevs. living intergenerationally]. Few differences are found formarried persons, especially women; for widows, living alonesignificantly reduces quality of life in a number of areas.Regression analyses indicate that living arrangements are not asignificant predictor of life satisfaction or well-being formarried men and women. For widows, living arrangements determinewell-being but not life satisfaction.Overall, age, health status, and social support (havingfriends/confidante) are better predictors of quality of life forelderly Chinese Canadians than are living arrangements. Findingshighlight the importance of: empirically distinguishing maritalstatus and living arrangements in studying the quality of life ofelders; not homogenizing Chinese Canadian seniors with regard toliving arrangements; and focussing on Chinese elderly widows wholive alone as a group at risk of low well-being.     

城市老年人闲暇时间安排及对健康的影响

本文使用北京市西城区调查数据,从时间利用的不同维度和健康的不同层面,借助描述分析呈现城市老年人除社会参与和锻炼身体以外被广泛忽略的绝大部分闲暇时间安排的基本状况,基于回归模型考察这些家庭内部个体性的闲暇时间安排对老年健康的影响。结果显示,城市老年人除社会参与和锻炼身体以外主要以消磨时间为主,此类活动时间长短与健康并未呈现显著正相关;闲暇时间里各类活动的安排(与不安排该项活动相比)都能提升老年人的生理健康和心理健康状况,但仅呈现出干预效应,多数活动的时间长短、程度高低并无显著影响;自我提升型活动的有无、时间长短、程度高低可以显著影响老年人的生理和心理健康;精神追求层面更高的闲暇活动则会显著提升老年人的主观幸福感。     

重视非正式支持,提高老年人生活质量

主观感受是衡量老年人生活质量的最终指标。由于非正式支持能够满足老年人紧急援助、情感交流、安全心理的需要 ,在我国重家庭重亲情的环境中 ,构成了老年人心理的主要依托 ,从而成为影响老年人主观感受并进一步影响老年人生活质量的重要方面     

中国家庭与老年人居住安排的变化

文章应用中国1982、1990和2000年的普查微观抽样数据分析了家庭与老年人居住安排的变化。2000年三代家庭户的比例比1982和1990年有所增加,两代核心家庭户的比例比1990年下降了17％。但这些变化并不能说明中国家庭正在向传统回归,因为这很大程度上是20世纪70年代初以来生育率下降的滞后效应造成的。尽管大部分的老年父母仍旧与一个已婚子女同住(这一比例也在下降),但生于20世纪70年代早期之后的年轻人的兄弟姐妹数大大减少,因此当他们结婚成家时,离开父母成立自己的核心家庭的几率也相应减少。实际上,中国家庭正在向现代型转换。     

Childhood Living Arrangements and Adult Children’s Relations with their Parents

We examine the relationship of childhood living arrangements to adult child-parent relations. Compared with adult children raised in intact families, adult children whose parents divorced have less frequent contact with their parents and report a lower-quality relationship with their parents. We observe these negative effects for both custodial and noncustodial parents, although the effects are larger for noncustodial parents. Remarriage of the custodial parent tends to offset the the negative impacts of divorce on relations with the custodial parent and to amplify the negative impacts on relations with noncustodial parents. Further, the longer the adult child lived apart from the parent, the weaker are relations with noncustodial parents.