美国石油战略储备对我国的借鉴

美国石油战略储备经验对我国的石油战略储备在规模、价格、方式等方面有积极的借鉴意义。目前 ,我国石油战略储备的时机已经成熟 ,储备总量约在 35 0 0万吨左右 ;储备时间需要在十年乃至更长时间来完成。     

中国战略石油储备方式综合评价及决策

当决策者持保守或中庸心态时,利用地下盐穴储备石油最优,利用海上方式储备石油次之;当决策者持乐观心态时,利用海上方式进行石油储备最佳,利用地下盐穴进行石油储备次之.在中国进行海上储油和地下盐穴储油都是可行的,在目前国家石油储备一期项目已基本完成收储,二期石油储备尚未开始的情况下,趁油价比较低时,利用海上储油船快速实施收储,是短期内一种高效、快捷、方便的储油方式;二期、三期石油储备应以地下盐穴方式为主、地上油罐方式为辅,先期建设地上油罐,快速衔接二期储备项目,再选择江苏、安徽、湖北等盐穴资源和石油管线丰富的地方实施储备基地建设.     

石油安全战略探析

石油安全至关重要。由于石油资源、生产、消费情况和国内外形势的变化,我国石油安全问题提到日程。石油不安全有三大特点:价格上升、供不应求、超越国界,给国家经济带来损失,政治、军事、外交带来不稳定、不和谐。石油安全对策有八个组成要素。石油储备是石油安全的物质基础和核心内容,对有关问题的研究和实际运作正在展开。     

日本石油战略探析

日本是第二大石油消费国,其第二经济大国的地位是建立在石油基础之上的。 石油战略成为日本国家层面的重要战略。本文对日本的石油战略从各个角度和层面进行了探 索分析,从中可以看出日本千方百计、不遗余力地捞取石油资源、确保能源安全的意图和手法。     

确保中国能源安全的战略意义

能源安全是涉及对外战略、国家安全、战略经济利益以及外交手段等多层次的战略问题。鉴于能源供应不足可能成为中国崛起的最大障碍之一,能源安全成为中国战略思考的一个重心。本文力图概述中国能源生长与消费现状及其在世界能源格局中的定位,以此突出油气资源在中国能源生产与消费中的战略地位,剖析中国为维护能源安全采取的战略措施,并就如何确保能源安全提出具体的应对策略。作者建议,中国应在以下方面做出努力:建立稳定的石油安全机制;建立蛛网式能源战略通道、确保战略通道的畅通无阻;加强国际能源合作,增进整体的能源安全,降低区域内或全球范围内的能源价格,建立互利的能源安全共同体;适时建立石油战略储备;加强能源管理的制度建设;进一步强化海军建设,保障国家海外战略利益。     

论开放条件下我国的石油安全问题

我国现阶段在石油方面的基本国情是资源相对不足。在开放条件下我国石油安全的出路:1.建立“风险采购”方式的安全屏障;2.建立能够模拟国际市场运行成本的生产基地;3.建立预警系统,实施石油战略储备;4.加大国内企业到海外进行石油勘探开发力度,以确保国家资源平衡。     

新时期中日能源战略博弈

日本新能源战略纲要主要包括节省能源、降低石油依存度、确保资源、推动核能发电、国际合作、培育能源产业等六大目标,而中国政府未来将坚持把节约能源放在首位,注重提高能源利用效率,坚持以煤炭为主体、电力为中心、油气和新能源全面发展的战略。只有这样,才能使中国在能源战略博弈中抢得先机,赢得主动。     

中国石油金融的演进、存在问题及其应对研究

近期由于国际油价大幅下跌,俄罗斯等国家深受影响,并引起国际间一系列政治经济问题。对中国而言,历次油价的大幅波动也对我国国民经济发展产生巨大影响,同时,由于我国市场建设滞后、配套机构和金融工具欠缺,及国际间美元主导的不合理石油定价体系等原因,我国深受油价波动之苦。为保障我国经济的持续健康发展,构建符合我国国情的人民币石油金融体系迫在眉睫。     

对中日东海石油之争的经济分析

马尔萨斯理论和罗马俱乐部报告阐述了人口增长、资源消耗、经济发展间的矛盾,本文以此为出发点,首先介绍了东海石油储备情况和中日石油争夺现状及石油对中国经济发展的重要作用,介绍了与石油有关的几起战争案例;而后从资产收益角度分析了石油储备及替代技术对石油收益的影响;接着用博弈论分析了不同情况下中日在东海石油问题上的策略选择及相应损益分布,说明了国防力量对双方策略选择及由此带来的利益划分的决定作用。最后得出了加强国防投资、石油储备、发展石油替代技术的结论。     

略论我国能源安全与可持续发展战略

能源作为当代人类生存和发展所依赖的重要资源,其重要性已得到国际社会高度关注,世界上大多数国家都根据本国实际情况制定相应的能源发展战略,以确保国家能源安全.随着经济的快速发展,我国对能源的需求不断大幅攀升,充足而稳定的能源成为影响和制约我国经济发展的重要因素.我国能源资源构成不合理,能源消费结构不合理,利用率低,而国民经济持续高速增长对能源产生持续旺盛需求,气候和环境的压力与日俱增.能否解决好能源安全,是关系到国民经济可持续发展的关键问题.从战略的高度看,需要优化能源结构,完善石油战略储备体系,发展清洁能源,走能源安全与可持续发展的道路.     

Psychotherapy as Sacrament: The Therapist as Prayerful Reader,the Client as Sacred Text

The author suggests a number of corollaries between practices of contemplative Christianity and concepts found in psychodynamic psychotherapy. The act of looking upon the suffering of another – so central to both contemplative Christianity and psychotherapy – is compared to the monastic spiritual practice of lectio divina, the meditative reading of sacred texts. The practice of psychodynamic psychotherapy is conceptualized as a vocation to the contemplative life.     

跨国公司对我国工业化、市场化、国际化进程的影响及对策

本文拟从我国经济发展、经济改革和经济开放三者相统一的角度,研究90年代以来跨国公司尤其是发达国家跨国公司对我国工业化、市场化和国际化(即“三化”)进程的影响。研究结果表明,跨国公司对我国“三化”进程的影响是深远重大的,其中在工业化方面,跨国公司主要从产品、产业、技术这三个方面以及相应线路“产品产量增加→产业结构提升→工业技术进步”,来推动我国工业化进程由工业化中前期阶段向工业化中后期阶段转化;在市场化进程方面,跨国公司重点从企业、政府和生产要素这三个方面以及相应的线路“企业改革→政府职能转换→生产要素市场化”,来推动我国市场化进程由市场经济初步形成阶段向逐渐成熟阶段转化;在国际化方面,跨国公司从贸易、市场、投资三个方面,以及相应线路“贸易国际化→市场国际化→企业国际化”,来推动我国国际化进程由单向开放型阶段向全方位开放型阶段转化。研究结果还表明,跨国公司对我国“三化”进程的影响也具有复杂性,一些方面还存在潜在的负面效应。对此,本文提出相应的对策建议。     

Self-Esteem,Self-Efficacy,and Social Connectedness as Mediators of the Relationship Between Volunteering and Well-Being

ABSTRACT

This study examines the potentially mediated relationship between volunteering and well-being. Using survey data from a random sample (N = 2,990) of the population of the state of Victoria, Australia, three hypotheses were tested: Volunteers will report higher well-being than nonvolunteers; volunteers will report higher self-esteem, self-efficacy, and social connectedness than nonvolunteers; self-esteem, self-efficacy, and social connectedness will mediate the relationship between volunteer status and well-being. Results supported the hypotheses and showed that self-esteem, self-efficacy, and social connectedness were all significant mediators of the volunteering–well-being relationship. Increased social connectedness associated with volunteering was found to be the strongest first step in these pathways. This points to the importance of social connection for well-being, but future research using longitudinal designs is required to further test these relationships and provide the capacity for evidence of causality.     

Institutions as dispositions: Searle,Smith and the metaphysics of blind chess

This paper addresses the question what the fundamental nature and mode of being of institutional reality is. Besides the recent debate with Tony Lawson, Barry Smith is also one of the relatively few authors to have explicitly challenged John Searle's social ontology on this metaphysical question, with Smith's realism requirement for institutions conflicting with Searle's requirement of a one‐world naturalism. This paper proposes that an account of institutions as powers or dispositions is not only congenial to Searle's general account, but can also satisfy both the realism and the one world requirements. Searle's worry that such a dispositional account is unable to account for the deontic nature of institutions is countered by an appeal to higher‐order powers as well as Searle's notion of the gap and desire‐independent reasons for action.     

Modernity as history: Post-revolutionary China,globalization and the question of modernity

Processes associated with globalization have provoked important changes in our conceptions of modernity, as well as the discourse of modernization. While the end of socialism has encouraged a 'renaissance' of modernization discourse, this discourse is significantly different than in the past in its willingness to make room in modernity for civilizations other than the EuroAmerican. At the same time, post-colonial criticism has played a significant part in the downgrading of EuroAmerican modernity by pointing to its origins in colonialism, which encourages calls for recognition of alternative modernities, or alternative claims to modernity. Intentionally or not, the combination has resulted in a renewed reification of cultural and civilizational traditions. This article juxtaposes two sets of literature to examine these developments critically. The two sets are a general, mostly sociological, literature on modernity and modernization, and literature on Chinese modernity which has proliferated in recent years. Juxtaposition of these two sets of literature provides a space that enables a critical perspective on culturalist tendencies in studies of modernity that persist despite strong evidence of problems that cut across cultural or civilizational boundaries.     

Anxiousness, Frustration, and Effortful Control as Moderators of the Relation between Parenting and Adjustment in Middle-childhood

Interactions among multiple dimensions of child temperament and parenting were tested as predictors of change in child adjustment problems using a community sample (N = 188) of children (8–12 years). Significant interactions suggested that the effect of parenting on changes in problems were dependent upon temperament and, in some cases, child sex. Effortful control mitigated the potential negative impact of inconsistent discipline and physical punishment on externalizing problems, whereas frustration exacerbated the effects of inconsistent discipline and rejection. Anxiousness moderated parenting only for boys, mitigating the impact of inconsistent discipline on internalizing and externalizing problems but exacerbating the effects of physical punishment on externalizing problems. Implications for identifying children at risk for developing adjustment problems and for parenting interventions are discussed.