组织政治知觉研究进展述评

组织政治知觉作为员工对工作环境中同事和上司在组织中自利行为的评价,对员工的态度、心理、行为有重要影响。对组织政治知觉的深入研究有利于对组织中的相关现象进行更深入的解释,尤其对于中国而言,组织政治知觉的相关研究无疑具有更深远的意义。本文阐述了组织政治知觉的相关概念,提出了组织政治知觉的研究模型,分析了组织政治知觉的主要影响因素和结果变量,梳理了组织政治知觉的研究进展,在此基础上对未来研究方向进行了展望。     

态度变量对信用负债行为的影响研究

本研究从传统的"态度-行为"视角,通过逐步回归分析方法和结构方程模型探讨并验证了态度变量对信用负债行为的影响.本研究所涉及的信用负债行为.具体是指循环信用使用行为和小额分期付款使用行为.西方学者研究指出,这两种行为是导致信用负债的最主要的信用卡使用行为.通过研究我们发现,态度变量中对循环信用使用频率有影响的变量根据影响大小排序依次为:信用卡态度的行为态度维度、金钱态度的权利威望维度、负债态度、信用卡态度的情感态度和认知态度维度以及金钱态度的维持保留态度,这些变量解释了循环信用使用行为的82.1%.影响小额分期付款使用行为的态度变量按照影响程度的大小排序依次为:风险态度的风险收益平衡维度、负债态度、金钱态度的维持保留维度、信用卡态度的行为态度和认知态度维度.这些变量解释了小额分期付款使用行为的41.6%.     

组织政治情境下单位边缘员工犬儒主义的典型表现及管理艺术探析

<正>组织气候理论阐述了组织环境是员工心理感知和行为选择的重要影响因素,不同员工对组织环境的感知和态度差异性较大,员工会结合自身认知水平和价值观理念对组织环境进行剖析和解读,环境差异对心理感知变化的影响是组织气候理论的重要组成部分。组织政治情境是单位体制常见的一种组织气候,独特的历史文化产生了我国独有的政治和文化格局,深远地影响着对政治权力有特殊理解的体制内人员。员工会对组织内部的政治行为产生感知并影响行为选择,而犬儒主义正     

基于不当督导的强制性公民行为中介调节模型框架构思:一个质性研究

当前学界对不当督导和强制性公民行为(CCB)的研究框架主要集中在心理安全感等中介及组织公民行为(OCB)的角色定义等调节上,但在华人组织情境中,一些本土化的变量如上下级关系、关系取向、传统性、权力距离等对员工态度及行为也有重要影响,因此,西方的研究框架是否与我国组织情境一致,本土变量在二者关系中又具有何种作用,很有必要进一步探讨。本研究基于质性研究,通过对10位员工的深度访谈和40名被试者的开放式问卷调查,探索了不当督导与CCB关系中可能的中介调节模型框架,最后认为,服从、绩效压力等因素也可能使员工表现出CCB;除心理安全感外,来自上司的压力也可能是一个中介机制;不同员工基于不同关系与动机表现出不同程度的CCB。     

复杂环境下企业适应性领导行为研究

竞争环境的复杂性要求企业领导行为具有较强的适应性。在复杂适应系统刺激-反应原理的基础上,构建复杂环境下企业适应性领导行为模型,指出在政府、市场、企业等组织内外部环境因素作用下,企业的适应性领导行为由文化识别、知识管理、风险管理和协同创造4个方面构成,并对员工绩效、组织承诺和员工满意度等领导有效性指标产生影响。在问卷调查的基础上,采用因子分析、相关分析、层次回归和逐步回归等方法对调查数据进行统计分析。实证研究结果表明,企业适应性领导行为对员工绩效、组织承诺、员工满意度等结果变量有不同程度的影响;企业文化、领导-成员交换关系与企业适应性领导行为和领导有效性存在相关关系,并且作为调节变量对企业适应性领导行为与领导有效性之间的关系起调节作用。企业应从适应性领导行为层面和调节变量层面加强管理,构建有效领导行为机制,提高环境变化中的领导有效性。     

CPM领导理论三因素动力机制的情境模拟实验研究

CPM领导理论认为,中国领导行为的评价模式由目标达成、团体维系和个人品德三个因素构成.本研究采用2×2×2完全随机设计的情境模拟实验,探讨了CPM领导行为三因素之间的关系及其动力作用机制.结果表明:(1)领导行为三因素分别对下属的追随意愿、上司承诺、工作动机和领导满意度产生显著的正向影响;(2)在对下属行为态度产生影响时,个人品德的影响作用最大;(3)在目标达成和团体维系影响下属行为态度的过程中,个人品德发挥着增强型的调节作用.本研究验证了CPM领导理论的动力学原理,并为我国“德才兼备,以德为先”的选拔和任用标准提供了科学的理论支持.     

情绪劳动研究述评与展望

从情绪劳动的概念内涵、结构维度、影响因素和产出4个方面对国外的相关主要研究成果进行了系统梳理和评价。研究表明,员工个体特征是其情绪劳动影响因素的直接预测变量;情境因素与组织因素是情绪劳动的重要调节变量;情绪劳动是影响员工工作产出、顾客服务感知和企业整体绩效的重要因素。     

中国企业CEO的领导行为及对企业经营业绩的影响

本研究采用定性及定量的方法,探讨了在转型经济环境下中国企业CEO的领导行为表现,以及这些行为对企业业绩和员工态度的影响。首先归纳性地总结了现有经济环境下CEO领导行为的种类,然后通过探索性及验证性因素分析,建构了一个6维度的CEO领导行为测量工具,其中3个维度与CEO的任务管理行为密切相关,另外3个维度与人际关系管理相关。我们采用包括企业高层经理人员及员工在内的匹配数据进行了假设检验。结构方程建模分析的结果表明,任务导向的CEO领导行为直接与企业业绩相关,而人际关系导向的CEO领导行为与员工态度直接相关,并通过员工态度影响企业的经营业绩。     

离职心理与人力资源管理策略

关于员工主动离职的众多研究，都十分重视多层面因素对离职行为过程的影响，也都发现离职并非是某一种因素的结果。本文试图将组织变量、个人变量和外部环境变量相互作用的结果集中于个体对未来的心理预期和已有的态度上，并探讨心理预期和态度因素对离职意愿的协同作用，并在此基础上提出了相应的离职管理策略，即通过人力资源管理促进员工积极的内部预期和态度以降低离职率，进行组织内外的人才储备和网络以应对离职的发生等。     

心理意识因素对消费者生态文明行为的影响机理

研究了心理意识因素影响消费者生态文明行为的路径,并考察了人口统计变量对这些路径关系是否存在调节效应。结果表明,资源环境情感、社会责任意识对生态文明行为存在直接效应,资源环境感知对生态文明行为存在间接效应,资源环境知识、个人消费观念对生态文明行为既存在直接效应也存在间接效应。另外,性别、年龄、学历、收入这4个人口统计变量对于心理意识变量和生态文明行为之间的特定路径关系存在调节效应,它们影响着以上特定路径关系的有无或强弱。     

居民生活垃圾循环利用影响因素及关系模型

居民生活垃圾分类收集循环利用行为是确保生活垃圾有效实现循环利用的前提和基础。讨论了目前各国有关影响居民垃圾分类收集循环利用的各种因素及其对居民行为的关系模型,并结合我国居民文化风俗习惯等特点,提出了影响我国居民生活垃圾循环利用的各种因素及其关系模型,以期为我国城市居民生活垃圾分类收集循环利用行为的影响因素识别和关系模型的建立提供参考。     

Behavioural aspects of marketing information systems

A survey of 84 users of marketing information systems in 33 companies was conducted to determine the relationship between usage of their systems and (i) attitude factors, (ii) perceived organizational factors, (iii) personality dimensions. Principal components analysis was used to derive underlying attitude and organizational factors as measured by responses to a series of statements derived from exploratory research. Personality was measured by means of the Eysenck Personality Inventory. Usage of the system was measured by seven usage variables constructed to capture the various dimensions of usage identified at the exploratory stage of the research. A series of multiple regressions were used to relate the criterion variables (usage dimensions) to each of the predictor variables (attitude factors, perceived organizational factors, and personality). A number of attitude factors, and perceived organizational factors was found to be significantly related to usage. In the main, personality was not related to usage. The results support earlier research in the USA which indicate association between attitudes and usage, and point to the importance of researching organizational aspects which may affect usage. A number of specific features of marketing information systems design is supported by the results of this study. The paper, therefore, provides an analysis of a wider number of factors which may be related to use than earlier studies, provides statistical support for a number of design issues, relates American findings to British experience and is based upon a larger and more comprehensive sample than previous research.     

Why Do Neighbors Have Different Environmental Priorities? Analysis of Environmental Risk Perception in a Beirut Neighborhood

Differences in environmental priorities within an urban neighborhood of Beirut are analyzed. The explanatory capabilities of five categories of contextual variables are compared: socioeconomic status, locality, health, behavior, and environmental beliefs. Semi-structured interviews with key individuals in the community and residents were first conducted. Four environmental issues of concern were identified. A survey was carried out to identify the relative priority accorded by respondents to these four issues, and to measure variables likely to explain differences of opinion. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted for each of the four problems. The 99% confidence interval (CI) of the odds ratio (OR) was used as a test of significance. Respondents suffering from a respiratory disease (OR = 6.94, 99%CI = 1.54-31.25), those living in less crowded houses (OR = 4.88, 99%CI = 1.38-17.24), and those not living close to the neighborhood's industrial street (OR=5.26, 99%CI = 1.01-27.78) are significantly more likely to rank poor air quality first. Significant associations are found between poor water quality as first priority and nonpresence of a smoker in the household (OR = 6.12, 99%CI = 1.84-20.32) and perception of water salinity as a problem (OR = 7.46, 99%CI = 1.50-37.03). Males (OR = 6.94, 99%CI = 1.02-47.62) and tenants versus owners (OR = 10.49, 99%CI = 1.36-80.61) are significantly more likely to rank the residential-industrial mix first. Socioeconomic variables retain their explanatory capability in the studied neighborhood, despite relatively small income disparities. Behavioral variables, such as smoking, may be causative factors of priorities. Analyzing relative priorities, rather than "concern" or lack of it, reveals more complex patterns of association. Identifying environmental-perception divide lines can help develop a more inclusive and effective participatory environmental management.     

中国情景下消费者的伦理购买意向研究——基于TPB视角

本文运用大样本问卷调研法,基于TPB视角重点分析消费者的伦理购买决策机制,旨在考察中国情景下影响消费者伦理购买意向的深层次因素。研究结果发现,行为态度、主观规范与感知行为控制会显著影响消费者的伦理购买行为意向,其中主观规范是购买意向最有影响的预测变量,表明中国情景下消费者在进行伦理购买决策时更倾向于遵从社会规范的影响;进一步感知行为控制不仅直接显著作用于伦理购买意向,还通过行为态度对伦理购买意向产生间接的重要影响,表明在中国情景下如何真正提高消费者伦理购物时的感知行为控制程度是企业实施伦理营销时面临的关键性问题。总体而言,本文结果表明,修正后的计划行为理论对中国情景下消费者的伦理购买意向能够进行有效地解释与预测,说明计划行为理论具有良好的跨文化适应性。最后,本文为中国企业伦理营销战略的实施提供重要建议。     

Linking organizational context with structure: a preliminary investigation of the information processing view

Although the effects of many environmental and contextual variables on organizational structure have been studied extensively, the relationships of these variables among themselves and with organizational structure remain largely inconclusive. Based on the information-processing (IP) view of organization, this study builds and tests an integrated model to investigate the factors that are likely to be associated with an organization's information intensity. The model includes two organizational contextual variables: competitive pressure and organizational innovativeness, two IP-related variables: information intensity and information technology (IT) importance, and two dimensions of organizational structure: centralization and formalization. Based on data collected in Taiwan, the results show the significant role of information intensity in mediating the effects of competitive pressure and innovativeness on IT importance and structures, thus lending strong support to the IP view of organization.     

Environmental Factors,Managerial Processes,and Information Technology Investment Strategies

Although significant research attention has been directed at understanding the value of information technology (IT) investments for firms, very little attention has been paid to understand the IT investment behavior of firms. This article seeks to fill this void. We introduce the concept of IT investment strategy, defined by dimensions of intensity and proactiveness, to characterize the IT investment behavior of firms. Synthesizing the environmental deterministic and strategic choice perspectives of a firm's strategic decision making, we examine the effects of environmental factors, managerial processes, and the interplay between them on IT investment strategy. Specifically, we examine the impact of environmental factors such as industry clockspeed and information intensity on IT investment strategy. We also incorporate the strategic choice perspective to argue that managerial processes such as frequent chief executive officer—chief information officer communications and collective information systems planning play a critical role in shaping the firm's IT investment strategy. The empirical results show that the environmental variables are related to IT investment strategy. Besides, managerial processes serve as a means to understand the environment and thus moderate the relationships between the environmental variables and the various facets of IT investment strategy. The conceptualization of IT investment strategy and the focus on both environmental determinism and strategic choice should enrich our understanding of firms’ IT investing behavior.     

Personality traits and career satisfaction of human resource professionals

Occupational choice frameworks suggest that personality factors influence person-job fit. This paper focuses on personality factors and career satisfactions of human resources (HR) managers. ‘Big Five’ and narrow personality traits as well as managerial style variables were drawn from an archive of 1846 HR managers and 1375 non-managers. Results indicated that HR managers differed from 51,297 individuals in other occupations and from non-managerial HR specialists on many of the study variables, most of which were also related to career satisfaction. Implications for differentiation selection and development of HR managers were discussed.     

中国本土品牌形象对感知质量-顾客满意-品牌忠诚影响机制的实证研究——基于消费者视角

为探求品牌形象对消费行为的影响机制,在中国背景下构建品牌形象的理论架构,将品牌形象分为3个维度:品牌表现、品牌个性和公司形象;在此基础上,建立了品牌形象与感知质量、顾客满意和品牌忠诚的影响机制模型;对该模型进行了实证检验。分析结果表明品牌表现、品牌个性和公司形象对品牌感知质量有直接影响;品牌表现对顾客满意产生直接影响,品牌个性和公司形象对顾客满意产生间接影响;品牌表现、品牌个性对品牌忠诚有直接影响;公司形象与品牌忠诚无相关关系。     

基于计划行为理论的信用卡使用意向分析及其营销策略研究

在计划行为理论的基础上,使用结构方程模型等数理统计方法,探析了消费者信用卡使用意向的影响因素,建构了消费者信用卡使用意向模型。研究表明,计划行为理论中信用卡态度和知觉行为控制变量对消费者信用卡使用意向有重要影响。此外,研究还进一步将消费者信用卡态度区分为便利性态度、金钱与信用态度,实证研究显示便利性态度对信用卡使用意向有重要影响,并且这种区分是合理的和必要的。     

The Paradox of Authentic Selves and Chameleons: Self‐monitoring,Perceived Job Autonomy and Contextual Performance

We investigate how self‐monitoring combines with the degree of perceived job autonomy to affect contextual performance. We explore both a mediation model, built on theories on individual differences in the perception of job characteristics, and a moderation model, built on theories of the interaction between personality and perceived job situation. Empirical evidence suggests that self‐monitoring and perceived job autonomy significantly predict contextual performance. In addition, an interesting paradox emerges: high self‐monitors are likely to perceive higher job autonomy than low self‐monitors but appear to benefit less from perceiving high job autonomy than low self‐monitors. This paper provides a richer understanding of the controversial nature of the self‐monitoring construct and offers a new specification of the combination between perceived situational and personality variables in the prediction of behavioural outcomes.