江苏省小城镇流动人口

一、小城镇中的“摆动人口”和自理口粮人口 一般普查和统计的镇人口仅仅是指居住在镇上的农业和非农业人口。而实际上在小城镇居住和工作的还有其他人口,其中一种是亦工亦农人口。这里的“工”是指广义的,包括工业、商业、建筑业、运输业以及文化教育等非农业部门。这部分人口是兼业劳动者,大多数家住农村,劳作在镇,其户口在农村,而工资收入大部分来自在小城镇的工     

我国小城镇发展战略探微

小城镇建设中土地利用非集约化必将制约小城镇的长期发展 ,给日益增长的人口带来巨大的供养风险。必须对小城镇重点发展战略重新进行理性思考 ,只有重点发展部分有潜力的县城和县域中心镇 ,才符合可持续发展战略的要求。为此有关政策应进行相应的调整。     

中国小城镇人口集聚能力的省际比较分析CSSCI

人口集聚现象背后有着多重社会经济影响因素。基于对人口普查数据和相关社会经济统计数据的观察分析,本文构建了评价区域人口集聚能力的指标体系,继而使用主成分分析方法和聚类分析方法,对全国27个省级行政区域的小城镇人口集聚能力的差异进行了分析。结果表明:小城镇人口集聚能力的强弱与经济发展水平密切相关;根据人口集聚的特征和能力,27个省区可以划分为5个类别;江苏、浙江、福建、广东、山东人口集聚能力最强,黑龙江、吉林、青海、甘肃、内蒙古人口集聚能力最弱。     

公共基础设施投资与小城镇人口非农化关系研究——基于1995～2006年数据的分析

文章利用1995～2006年面板数据,分别从全国总量和每镇平均量两个层次,测算全国及东、中、西三大地区小城镇公共基础设施投资与人口非农化的关系,以及公共基础设施投资对人口非农化的贡献弹性.研究发现,无论从全国总量层次还是从镇均层次看,公共投资对非农人口贡献效率均呈中部地区大于东部地区和西部地区的特点.从贡献弹性看,全国总量贡献弹性变化小于镇均贡献弹性,二者贡献弹性均呈下降趋势.建议当前国家的公共基础设施投资重点在中部地区,以提高资金使用效率,推动人口非农化发展;西部地区通过撤乡并镇,扩大小城镇规模,以提高其公共基础设施投资效率和缩小地区差距.     

江苏省苏锡和盐城地区小城镇人口流动的比较

发展小城镇的重要性,现已被大家所关注。本文仅就不同类型地区小城镇人口流动方面作些探讨,试图从中说明小城镇建设过程中注意这一人口现象的重要性。 人口流动是人口过程的运动的表现之一。党的十一届三中全会以后,随着经济改     

论我国城市化进程中的“泛小城镇化”现象、问题及其对策

小城镇的崛起 ,促进了我国农村经济的发展。但是当前我国的“泛小城镇化”现象及其问题必须引起足够重视。各地在小城镇的建设和发展实践中出现的盲目追求数量扩张 ,对资源和环境产生严重破坏等问题亟待解决。要充分发挥小城镇在中国农村城市化进程中的作用 ,必须从数量和质量两个方面来规范小城镇的内涵。小城镇问题可以通过深化改革 ,制定和实施科学的规划 ,加强管理等途径逐步解决     

现阶段小城镇人口发展的几个问题

小城镇的人口问题,是我国现阶段人口城镇化的一个重大理论和实际问题。党的十一届三中全会以来,小城镇的人口构成发生了深刻变化。开展对小城镇人口问题的研究,无论对促进小城镇的建设与发展,还是对改进人口统计工作,都有一定的意义。本文从分析绍兴小城镇人口的主要特点出发,     

小城镇外来劳动力基本状况及对小城镇发展影响分析——以浙江省柯桥、柳市两镇为例

根据对浙江省柯桥、柳市两小城镇外来劳动力的实地抽样问卷调查 ,考察了两镇外来劳动力的一般属性、迁移、就业、经济收入及将来意愿等基本状况 ,在此基础上 ,系统、客观地分析了外来劳动力对小城镇发展的积极和消极影响 ,这对小城镇制定吸引和管理外来劳动力的政策具有重要的参考意义。     

小城镇发展的战略选择:实践证明与理论分析

城市化水平的提高与经济发展水平相伴随,但城市化进程的路径有多种选择。当大城市发展到一定阶段时充分发展小城镇是城市化进程的客观规律。小城镇的充分发展促进城市化水平的整体提高在欧美以及日本等发达国家都已经有不少成功的经验可以借鉴。但是单独依靠小城镇的自然发展也不能加快城市化的步伐。小城镇为达成可持续发展有空间整合的必要性,集聚理论、规模经济理论、增长极理论、扩散理论、三元结构理论以及反磁力理论等都可以从不同侧面给出证明。我国的小城镇发展还存在着体制障碍,为此必须多角度入手探索激励我国小城镇发展的政策体系,包括:切实进行保护入城居民权益的户籍改革、建立激励小城镇发展的产业政策、建立多种渠道的融资机制等。     

农业劳动力转移与农村人口城镇化

<正> 农业劳动力向非农业部门转移,以及随之发生的城乡人口分布结构的变化,是我国正在经历和必将经历的人口变换过程。其特点是:农业劳动力在向非农业劳动力转移的过程中,并不表现为向大中城市的迁移运动,而是在“离土不离乡”的人口流动中向小城镇移动和聚居。农村人口城镇化,是指伴随着农业劳动力转移,通过人口迁移发生的农村人口转为城镇人口的过程。我国人口的城镇化道路,是农业劳动力首先大量地转为亦农亦非人口,继而向“就地靠乡”的小城镇移动和聚居,有层次、分阶段地分别进入小城镇体系;在大城市“截流”、中小城市“疏导”、小城镇“蓄水”的交互作用中,将“人口流”截在小城镇这一格,减少大中城市在“超负荷运行中”的人口压力,形成工农结合,城乡结合,以就地转移为主,小城镇容纳为主,亦农亦非为主的新型城镇化道路。     

我国农业剩余劳动力出路的若干思考

我国农村城镇化进程缓慢 ,滞后了第三产业的发展 ,在很大程度上也阻碍了农业劳动力向非农产业的转移 ,而且今后一段时间我国农村劳动力的绝对量会大幅度增加 ,这就使得农村的就业问题显得尤为突出。大力推行农业产业化 ,实现农产品的多层次增值和劳动力的多渠道就业 ,同时大力开发小城镇 ,扩大第三产业规模 ,是促使农业剩余劳动力实现产业和空间转移的途径     

中国城镇化发展滞后原因与对策

中国城镇化滞后于工业化和非农化发展的原因 ,既有体制原因 ,又有内在的经济合理性。要促进农村城镇化加速发展 ,引导农村非农生产经营企业适当向城镇集中 ,必须从两个方面做起 ,一是降低它们在分散经营时由于不规范性和无偿利用外部收益而具有的种种比较优势 ,二是创造适宜环境 ,扩大非农企业在城镇生产经营所具有的优势     

知识经济时代的人力资源开发

本文从长期的二元结构所造成的人力资源的知识能力巨大差距出发 ,根据知识经济时代的要求 ,把人力资源的知识能力划分为编码知识与非编码知识 ;并建议成立国家职业技术教育部及其系统机构 ,侧重提高传统农业社区人力的非编码知识能力 ,共同发展现代知识经济。     

Correlates of intra-urban migration in Israel

In order to determine correlates of Israeli intra-urban residential mobility, data from the 1983 general census of the population were gathered from the 61 Israeli towns with at least 5000 inhabitants the majority of which are Jews. Inhibiting and intensifying factors of mobility were identified. It was found that juvenile crime, percent of Asian/African inhabitants, percent female unemployment and mean family size were positively and significantly related to intra-urban mobility. On the other hand, quality of living, median education, mean gross income, uncrowded households and mean age were negatively and significantly related to residential mobility. The level of religiosity, population size, crowded households and percent general unemployment were not related to intra-urban migration. Comparisons of the relationships of these variables to both intra-urban migration and inmigration rates were also made drawing attention to ethnic and SES factors.     

[The movement of rural labor and the establishment of small towns as suggested by factors of production].]

The movement of the labor force from rural areas into urban areas, specifically into small cities and towns, is examined using data from a survey of the Yiyang area of China. It is noted that a surplus in the agricultural labor force has resulted from changes in agricultural productivity. Consequently, the authors point out, farmers are either transferring from rural areas into industrial and service sectors in small cities and towns or are remaining in the rural areas to be employed by collective enterprises. Advantages and disadvantages of these trends are discussed.     

建制镇人口规模的演变

198 3年以前建制镇的平均人口规模呈逐渐扩大的趋势 ,但这是在建制镇的数量减少和停滞的情况下发生的 ,是建制镇平均人口规模演变的非正常状态。 1984年以后建制镇的平均人口规模逐渐减小 ,同时建制镇的数量迅速增加 ,说明建制镇正处于以数量增长为主要特征的粗放型发展阶段。目前应把建制镇的发展引导向以规模扩大和质量提高为主要特征的集约型发展道路     

Small town growth in the United States: An analysis by size class and by place

Small town population change is an important factor in the urbanization process. We analyzed changes in incorporated places under 10,000 in the United States during the 1940-60 period, making a distinction between changes in population size classes and changes in places grouped by initial size. We made balance sheets for size classes under 1,000, 1,000-2,500, and 2,500-10,000 in order to divide the percent increase by size class into five additive components: (1)growth of places staying in the class, (2) net shifts of growing towns into and out of the class, (8) net shifts of declining towns into and out of the class, (4) addition of new places, and (5) disappearance of places during the time period. Separate tabulations were made by metropolitan location, region, and decade. p ]Places under 10,000 population the initial year grew during both census decades considered. Growth differentials paralleled those generally found for the total population, with the most rapid growth near large cities in the West and (except for non-metropolitan places) over the 1940-60 decade.We found results to be different for population changes of particular size classes. Except in some Urbanized Area locations, the two larger size classes increased in population over both decades. In contrast, the under-1,000 size class declined in almost every case. This decline was not due to decreasing population of places within the class or to the disappearance of places between censuses but rather to the growth of places into larger classes not compensated for by decline of other places into the class or new incorporations.     

首都教育资源配置与人口发展态势的互动

基于2001－2015年的《北京市教育事业统计资料》,利用常规统计分析方法,发现北京市教育资源配置和人口发展态势表现为以下关联特点：中等教育阶段在校生规模相对较少;义务教育阶段非京籍学生占比骤增;学校数量“高校和高中增加、其他皆降”;小学和大学阶段的师生比下降,资源配置略显紧张;基础教育阶段的就学人口主要聚集于城市功能拓展区,其占比仍在提升;高等教育的核心培养对象所占比例已降至不足四成。为了促进教育和人口的良性互动,政府部门未来应关注六个问题：人口发展惯性引发的教育需求增长拐点问题、流动人口子女不同流向引发的人力资本提升受阻问题、人口空间布局优化引发的教育资源有效配置问题、人口疏解视野下高等教育的“瘦身”问题以及职业人才匮乏引发的创新支撑不足问题。     

County town -- jian-zhi town differentials and migration to towns in China

China's urbanization process is unique in having been due to economic systems and migration policies. Towns and townships in rural areas are different from cities in their social and economic characteristics and their structure and function. The urban system in China is initially described with the distinction drawn between cities, "jian-zhi towns", (organic town) which are officially recognized, and rural areas. Analysis is provided f the economic and residential registration status of town residents and migration in northern China. Data were obtained from a 1987 survey of 1314 households in Wongnioute Banner in Inner Mongolia, and a 1985 migration survey of 2089 rural households in 41 villages. The study area was selected because jian-zhi town status was easily obtained and the are needed more towns for local administration and trade; the area was similar in geographic, social, economic, and cultural characteristics to other northern and northwestern regions. The Wongnioute Banner comprises 5 towns (Qiaotou, Wufendi, Hairesu, Wuduentaohai, and Wutonghua) and 1 country town (Wudan). All citizens from birth have an agricultural or nonagricultural status, which can be changed by passing national exams or completing a university education, joining the military and becoming an officer, marrying someone with a nonagricultural status, reunifying the family, or holding a special program. Quotas are set annually for status changes, e.g. in Tibet Autonomous Region the annual quota was 3%. Town residents may have either status. In the sample, 56.6% lived in town and had a nonagricultural status; 17.7% of heads of household town residents had an agricultural status and had stronger ties to villages because of family connections. Commuters are a third group and comprise 8.9%. County towns and jian-zhi towns are grouped the same, but are quite different in population size. Wudan had a population of 27,600 spread over an area of 480 hectares. The jian-zhi towns each had an average population of 1570 and an area of about 150 hectares. Facilities are in greater number and diversity in county towns. Geographic mobility is greater in towns. The productive value of rural town industry increased from 9.2% in 1978 to 25% in 1990 of China's total industrial productive value. The social and economic reforms of the 1980s have encouraged the development of cities and towns, and the labor force and residential patterns are changing.     

Recent urbanization trends in peninsular malaysia

The pace of urbanization in Peninsular Malaysia was slower in the most recent intercensal interval, 1957 to 1970, than in the previous period, 1947 to 1957, Most of the small change in the rural-urban balance from 1957 to 1970 appears due to the growth of towns into the urban classification rather than to a redistribution of population into the previous urban settlements. A number of towns in Peninsular Malaysia do show exceptional growth from 1957 to 1970, but there seems to be no clear relationship between a city’s size and its subsequent growth. The rural areas on the outskirts of the largest cities do show rapid growth, especially the periphery of the capital city. It appears that neither the classic model of urbanization based upon Western experience nor the over-urbanization thesis explain the urbanization process in Peninsular Malaysia.