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1.
Sally Monaghan Alex Blaszczynski 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2010,26(1):67-88
Harm-minimization strategies aim to reduce gambling-related risks; however, minimal evidence supports the effectiveness of
current strategies involving the placement of warning signs in gambling venues and on electronic gaming machines (EGMs). This
qualitative replication study evaluated the differential effect of pop-up messages compared to static signs and the content
of messages on EGMs on recall, thoughts, and behaviors assessed during the session and at 2-week follow-up. In Study 1, 127
regular EGM gamblers (male = 97, mean age = 20.3) recruited from a university student population attended a laboratory where
they were randomly assigned to play a computer-based simulated EGM analogue displaying signs that differed by (a) mode of
presentation (pop-up and static) and (b) message content (informative, self-appraisal, and control/blank). In Study 2, an
identical methodology was used but included the use of a simulated EGM within an in vivo gaming setting with 124 regular EGM
players (male = 81, mean age = 44.1). Results from both studies showed that pop-up messages were recalled more effectively
than static messages immediately and at 2-week follow-up. Pop-up messages reportedly had a significantly greater impact on
within-session thoughts and behaviors. Messages encouraging self-appraisal resulted in significantly greater effect on self-reported
thoughts and behaviors during both the experimental session and in subsequent EGM play. These findings support the effectiveness
of pop-up messages containing self-appraisal messages as an appropriate harm-minimization initiative. 相似文献
2.
Geir Scott Brunborg Bjørn Helge Johnsen Ståle Pallesen Helge Molde Rune Aune Mentzoni Helga Myrseth 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2010,26(4):545-559
This study investigated the relationship between aversive conditioning, heart rate variability suppression, behavioral activation
system/behavioral inhibition system and risk-avoidance on the Iowa gambling task (IGT) in a nonclinical sample (29 male, 29
female, mean age = 20.7). A laboratory based Pavlovian aversive conditioning paradigm was used where a 1500 Hz tone (CS+)
was followed by a burst of loud white noise (US), and a 850 Hz (CS−) tone was never followed by the US. In a subsequent extinction
phase where the CS+ and CS− were presented without the US, conditioned skin conductance responses to the CS+ indicated aversive
conditioning. The results showed that the participants who did not show aversive conditioning (N = 26) exhibited significantly less risk-avoidance compared to participants who did show aversive conditioning (N = 32). Regression analysis showed that among the study variables, only aversive conditioning contributed significantly to
explaining variance in risk-avoidance. These results may have implications for understanding risk-taking in gambling in general,
and may be a starting point understanding the role of aversive conditioning in the development and maintenance of gambling
problems. 相似文献
3.
Sophie Inglin Gerhard Gmel 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2011,27(2):299-316
The present study aims to analyze attitudes and beliefs of the French-speaking general Swiss population (n = 2500; female n = 1280; mean age = 43 years) as regards gambling, which are to date almost exclusively studied in the North American and
Australian contexts. Beliefs related to gambling include the perception of the effectiveness of preventive measures toward
gambling, the comparative risk assessment of different addictive behaviors, the perceived risks of different types of gambling
and attitudes are related to the gambler’s personality. The general population perceived gambling rather negatively and was
conscious of the potential risks of gambling; indeed, 59.0% of the sample identified gambling as an addictive practice. Slot
machines were estimated to bear the highest risk. Compared with women and older people, men and young people indicated more
positive beliefs about gambling; they perceived gambling as less addictive, supported structural preventive measures less
often, and perceived gambling as a less serious problem for society. Gamblers were more likely to put their practices into
perspective, perceiving gambling more positively than non-gamblers. General population surveys on such beliefs can deliver
insights into preventive actions that should be targeted to young men who showed more favorable views of gambling, which have
been shown to be associated with increased risk for problematic gambling. 相似文献
4.
Tsitsika A Critselis E Janikian M Kormas G Kafetzis DA 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2011,27(3):389-400
The study objectives were to evaluate the correlates and psychosocial implications of internet gambling among adolescents,
as well as the association between internet gambling and problematic internet use. A cross-sectional study design was applied
among a random sample (N = 484) of adolescents (71.2% boys; 28.8% girls; mean age ± standard deviation, SD = 14.88 ± 0.55 years). Self-completed questionnaires,
including internet gambling practices, internet use characteristics, Young Internet Addiction Test, and Strengths and Difficulties
Questionnaire were utilized. The prevalence of internet gambling was 15.1%. Internet gambling was associated with psychosocial
maladjustment, including Abnormal Conduct Problems (gender adjusted odds ratio, AOR = 3.83; 95% confidence interval, 95% CI:
1.86–7.92) and Borderline Peer Problems (AOR = 2.04; 95% CI: 1.09–3.85). The likelihood of concomitant problematic internet
use was significantly higher among internet gamblers (AOR = 1.81; 95% CI: 1.03–3.19). Multivariate regression analyses indicated
that among all characteristics of internet use assessed, utilizing the internet for the purposes of gambling practices was
independently associated with problematic internet use among adolescents (AOR = 3.43; 95% CI: 1.40–8.39). Thus, the study
findings suggest that adolescents who participate in internet gambling practices are more likely to concomitantly present
with problematic internet use. 相似文献
5.
Loo JM Oei TP Raylu N 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2011,27(3):453-466
The purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Chinese 9-item Problem Gambling Severity Index
(PGSI) derived from the 31-item Canadian Problem Gambling Index (CPGI) originally developed by Ferris and Wynne (2001). Exploratory factor analysis (EFA; n = 386; Group A data) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA; n = 387; Group B data) on the Chinese student and community data (Mean age = 25.36 years) showed that a unifactorial model
fitted the data with good reliability score (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.77). The concurrent validity of the PGSI-C was good in terms
of the Chinese data matching the expected correlation between PGSI-C and other variables or scales such as SOGS, gambling
frequency, gambling urge, gambling cognitions, depression, anxiety, and stress. The scale also reported good discriminant
and predictive validity. In sum, the PGSI-C has good psychometric properties and can be used among Chinese communities to
identify at-risk problem gamblers. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed. 相似文献
6.
Janice C. Marceaux Cameron L. Melville 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2011,27(1):171-190
This study examined the efficacy of two group treatments for pathological gambling, a node-link mapping-enhanced cognitive-behavioral
group therapy (CBGT-mapping) and twelve-step facilitated (TSF) group treatment. Forty-nine participants meeting criteria for
pathological gambling were recruited from local newspaper advertisements. These participants were randomly assigned to one
of three conditions: TSF (n = 11), CBGT-mapping (n = 18), and Wait-List control (n = 9); 11 refused treatment prior to randomization. Outcome measures included number of DSM-IV criteria met, perception of
control/self-efficacy, desire to gamble, and frequency of gambling episodes. Analyses revealed a significant treatment group × time
interaction (η2partial = .39). Specifically, the group treatments resulted in significant improvements in the dependent measures, while the Wait-List
group remained relatively stable. Overall, CBGT-mapping and TSF had no significant differences on any outcome measure at follow-up
assessments. Analysis of post-treatment and 6-month follow-up reveal a significant improvement in gambling outcomes (i.e.,
fewer DSM-IV criteria met, greater self-efficacy, and fewer gambling episodes (η2partial = .35), with treatment gains maintained at 6 months. These results are consistent with previous research for group treatment
for pathological gambling and provide support for the utility of TSF and a mapping-based CBT therapy as viable intervention
for pathological gambling. 相似文献
7.
Li H Mao LL Zhang JJ Wu Y Li A Chen J 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2012,28(1):47-68
The purpose of this study was to identify and examine the dimensions of problem gambling behaviors associated with purchasing
sports lottery in China. This was accomplished through the development and validation of the Scale of Assessing Problem Gambling
(SAPG). The SAPG was initially developed through a comprehensive qualitative research process. Research participants (N = 4,982) were Chinese residents who had purchased sports lottery tickets, who responded to a survey packet, representing
a response rate of 91.4%. Data were split into two halves, one for conducting an EFA and the other for a CFA. A five-factor
model with 19 items (Social Consequence, Financial Consequence, Harmful Behavior, Compulsive Disorder, and Depression Sign)
showed good measurement properties to assess problem gambling of sports lottery consumers in China, including good fit to
the data (RMSEA = 0.050, TLI = 0.978, and CFI = 0.922), convergent and discriminate validity, and reliability. Regression
analyses revealed that except for Depression Sign, the SAPG factors were significantly (P < 0.05) predictive of purchase behaviors of sports lottery. This study represents an initial effort to understand the dimensions
of problem gambling associated with Chinese sports lottery. The developed scale may be adopted by researchers and practitioners
to examine problem gambling behaviors and develop effective prevention and intervention procedures based on tangible evidence. 相似文献
8.
It’s Not What You Know, but How You Use It: Statistical Knowledge and Adolescent Problem Gambling 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
Delfabbro P Lahn J Grabosky P 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2006,22(2):179-193
This paper examined the nature of irrational gambling-related cognitions in a sample of 926 adolescents (mean age = 14.5 years) sampled from Australian schools. Students were differentiated according to gambling status and administered a series of items that assessed their understanding of objective odds, the nature of randomness, the role of skill in gambling, and the perceived profitability of gambling. The results confirmed previous findings that problem gamblers tend to be more irrational in their perceptions, as indicated by stronger beliefs in the role of skilful play in chance activities, and that gambling is a potentially profitable activity. However, counter intuitively, problem gamblers did not appear to have any poorer understanding of objective probabilities. These results are discussed in terms of Sevigny and Ladouceur’s (2004) concept of cognitive switching as well as psychological research concerning the role of emotional and motivational factors in the development of an illusion of control. The implications of these findings for gambling education programs are discussed.
相似文献
Paul DelfabbroEmail: |
9.
The Impact of Social Desirability Biases on Self-Report Among College Student and Problem Gamblers 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Kuentzel JG Henderson MJ Melville CL 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2008,24(3):307-319
The impacts of two types of social desirability bias, self-deceptive enhancement (SDE) and impression management (IM), were
examined on self-reports of gambling problems, measured by the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS), and recent gambling behavior, as measured by the Timeline Followback (TLFB) method, in a sample of college students (N = 191), and a sample of treatment-seeking problem gamblers (N = 49). Consistent with our expectations, IM was negatively associated with SOGS scores in both samples. IM was most highly
correlated with SOGS scores among treatment-seeking participants (r = −.44, p < .01). Substantial numbers of participants in both samples had high enough IM scores as to call into question the validity
of their self-report gambling data, according to published interpretive guidelines. With respect to SDE, we had predicted
that it would be positively related to gambling behaviors and gambling-related problems, but found that SDE was inversely
related to SOGS scores in both samples. Very little evidence was found for social desirability effects on TLFB scores. Thus,
preliminary evidence was obtained that self-report data on gambling problems, but not on gambling behavior (frequency of gambling
and amount of time and money spent), may be susceptible to the effects of impression management in both college students and
treatment-seeking gamblers. 相似文献
10.
Jessie L. Breyer Andria M. Botzet Ken C. Winters Randy D. Stinchfield Gerald August George Realmuto 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2009,25(2):227-238
Young adulthood is a period renowned for engagement in impulsive and risky behaviors, including gambling. There are some indications
that young adults exhibit higher gambling rates in comparison to older adults. Problem gambling has also been linked to ADHD.
This longitudinal study examines the relationship between gambling and ADHD among an epidemiological sample of young adults
(n = 235; males = 179, females = 56) aged 18-24. Results indicate that individuals who report childhood ADHD symptoms which
persist into young adulthood experience greater gambling problem severity than participants with no ADHD or those with non-persistent
ADHD. 相似文献
11.
Cunningham JA Cordingley J Hodgins DC Toneatto T 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2011,27(4):625-631
Respondents were asked their beliefs about gambling abuse as part of a general population telephone survey. The random digit
dialing survey consisted of 8,467 interviews of adults, 18 years and older, from Ontario, Canada (45% male; mean age = 46.2).
The predominant conception of gambling abuse was that of an addiction, similar to drug addiction. More than half of respondents
reported that treatment was necessary and almost three-quarters of respondents felt that problem gamblers would have to give
up gambling completely in order to overcome their gambling problem. Problem gamblers (past or current) were less likely than
non- or social gamblers to believe that treatment was needed, and current problem gamblers were least likely to believe that
abstinence was required, as compared to all other respondents. Strong agreement with conceptions of gambling abuse as disease
or addiction were positively associated with belief that treatment is needed, while strong agreement with conceptions of disease
or wrongdoing were positively associated with belief that abstinence is required. 相似文献
12.
N. Will Shead David C. Hodgins 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2009,25(3):357-375
Factor scores on a gambling expectancy questionnaire (GEQ) were used to subtype 132 university students who gamble regularly
(37.9% male; M age = 22.6 years, SD = 6.04) as: Reward Expectancy Gamblers (Reward EGs)—have strong expectations that gambling
augments positive mood, Relief Expectancy Gamblers (Relief EGs)—have strong expectations that gambling relieves negative affect,
and Non-Expectancy Gamblers (Non-EGs)—have neither strong expectation. Gambling on a high-low card game was compared across
subtypes following priming for either “relief” or “reward” affect-regulation expectancies with the Scrambled Sentence Test
(SST). The hypothesized Prime type × GEQ subtype interaction was not significant. When a more stringent set of criteria for
GEQ subtyping was imposed, the “purified” sub-sample (n = 54) resulted in the hypothesized statistically significant Prime type × GEQ subtype interaction. Relief EGs gambled more
after being primed with the construct “relief of negative emotions” compared to after being primed with the construct “augmentation
of positive emotion.” Planned orthogonal contrasts showed a significant linear increase in number of bets made across GEQ
subtypes when prime type corresponded to GEQ subtype. The results suggest a need for components in gambling treatment programs
that address clients’ expectancies that gambling can provide a specific desirable emotional outcome. 相似文献
13.
Anna C. Thomas Felicity C. Allen James Phillips 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2009,25(3):343-355
Electronic gambling machines (EGMs) are known to be a particularly risky form of gambling (Petry. Addiction 98(5):645–655,
2003). It is vital that researchers and clinicians are aware of factors which could lead to people having problems with this
form. Gambling motivation is one such factor. This study developed a measure of EGM gambling motivations based on the results
of qualitative research conducted with EGM problem gamblers and experienced counsellors (Thomas et al. Int J Mental Health
Addiction 7:97–107, 2009). A community based sample of 232 females (M = 29.60 years of age, SD = 15.41 years) and 123 males
(M = 29.64 years of age, SD = 12.29 years) participated. Exploratory factor analysis extracted three motivational factors
indicating people gambled on EGMs to escape, for its accessibility and for the social environment. Gambling to escape and
for its accessibility had substantial positive correlations with frequency of EGM gambling and gambling problems. Social environment
correlated less well with these indicators of excessive gambling. Correlations between factors suggested the accessible, social
experience offered by EGM venues increases their appeal as a means of escape. The new subscales were internally consistent
and demonstrated good evidence of validity. This new measure will facilitate future investigations into the relationships
between gambling motivations, other aetiological factors and EGM problem gambling. 相似文献
14.
Dhillon J Horch JD Hodgins DC 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2011,27(4):633-647
Cultural influences on problem gambling stigma were examined using a between subject vignette study design. Students of East
Asian (n = 64) and Caucasian (n = 50) ancestry recruited from a Canadian University rated a vignette describing either an
East Asian problem gambler or a Caucasian problem gambler on a measure of attitudinal social distance. In accordance with
the hypothesis, a factorial ANOVA revealed that East Asian Canadians stigmatize problem gambling more than Caucasian Canadians.
Moreover, East Asian participants stigmatized the East Asian individual described in the vignette more than they did the Caucasian
individual. Individuals with gambling problems were generally not perceived as being dangerous. However, participants who
perceived problem gambling as a dangerous condition wanted more social distance than those who did not perceive individuals
with a gambling problem as dangerous. 相似文献
15.
Matthew J. Rockloff Nancy Greer 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2011,27(3):443-451
One component of social facilitation on gambling is the potential for an audience of people to observe the play of Electronic
Gaming Machine (EGM) gamblers and influence their behaviour without participating directly in gambling themselves. An experiment
was conducted with an audience of onlookers, purported to be students of research methods, taking notes while watching the
participants play an EGM. Forty-three male and 82 female participants (N = 125), aged 18–79 (M = 49.2, SD = 15.6), played a laptop simulated 3-reel EGM using a $20 stake in three conditions: (1) alone, (2) watched by
a simulated audience of six persons, or (3) watched by an audience of 26. Outcomes on the poker machine were rigged with a
fixed sequence of five wins in the first 20 spins and indefinite losses thereafter. The results found smaller bet-sizes associated
with larger audiences of onlookers, and this outcome is consistent with a hypothesized motivation to display more wins to
the audience. Moreover, final payouts were greater in the audience conditions compared to the control, further suggesting
that an audience may be a protective factor limiting player losses. 相似文献
16.
Justin Pulford Maria Bellringer Max Abbott Dave Clarke David Hodgins Jeremy Williams 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2009,25(1):19-32
This paper presents reasons for help-seeking data as reported by users of a national gambling helpline (help-seekers, HS,
n = 125) as well as data pertaining to perceived reasons for seeking help as reported by gamblers recruited from the general
population (non-help-seekers, NHS, n = 104). All data were collected via a structured, multi-modal survey. Participants in both groups considered help-seeking
to be motivated by multiple factors (mean of 6.8 and 10.6 responses, respectively). Responses indicative of financial concern
were most frequently reported by both HS and NHS participants (82 & 90%, respectively). Over a third of HS participants (35%)
also identified financial concern as their primary reason for seeking help and 50% of NHS participants perceived financial
concern to be the primary motivator for seeking help in a problem gambling context. Common types of secondary influence (other
than financial concern) included psychological distress (HS & NHS participants), problem prevention (HS participants), rational
thought (HS participants), physical health issues (HS participants), and relationship issues (NHS participants). The implications
for promoting greater or earlier help-seeking activity amongst problem gamblers are discussed.
相似文献
Justin PulfordEmail: |
17.
Kevin Gomes Antonio Pascual-Leone 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2009,25(1):1-17
To successfully facilitate the treatment of problem gambling, change processes should be examined in order to identify those
variables that differentiate good versus poor treatment outcomes. The current study explored the change facilitating effects
of certain characteristics or conditions of an individual being treated: emotional support, instrumental support, emotional
awareness, GA involvement, and depressed affect. These conditions were hypothesized to be predictive of a change-oriented
mindset (i.e., “resources for change”) measured by abstinence self-efficacy, motivation for change, and readiness for change.
Participants were 60 outpatients (54.2% male; M age = 46.7 years) with problem gambling recruited from several treatment centres throughout Ontario, Canada. Results indicated
that: (1) depressed affect and emotional support seem to influence self-efficacy for abstinence, (2) emotional support alone
appears to influence motivation for change, and (3) GA involvement, depressed affect, and emotional awareness, together, seem
to influence readiness for change. These findings have implications for promoting change oriented dispositions in problem
gambling individuals. 相似文献
18.
David C. Hodgins Nady el-Guebaly 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2010,26(1):117-127
A prospective study of the role of comorbid substance abuse and dependence and mood disorders in the outcome from pathological
gambling. A naturalistic sample of pathological gamblers who had recently quit gambling (N = 101) was followed and data were available for 83% of participants at 3 months, 80% at 12 months, and 52% at 5 years. Those
participants with a drug diagnosis during their lifetime were less likely to have a minimum 3 month period of abstinence,
and those who had been involved in gambling treatment were more likely to have a minimum 12 months of continuous abstinence.
Lifetime gambling problem severity and involvement in gambling treatment were most commonly associated with a shorter time
to achieving a period of abstinence of any length. Lifetime history of a mood disorder also predicted a longer time to reach
a minimum 3 months of continuous abstinence. Both gambling treatment and an alcohol diagnosis follow up predicted an increase
in the odds of experiencing a relapse from a minimum 6 month period of abstinence. Overall, comorbid mental health disorders
are predictive of shorter term but not longer term outcome. 相似文献
19.
Momper SL Nandi V Ompad DC Delva J Galea S 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2009,25(1):49-65
Objectives To examine the prevalence of gambling and types of gambling activities in a sample of undocumented Mexican immigrants. Design Non-probability cross-sectional design. Setting New York City. Sample The 431 respondents ranged in age from 18 to 80 (mean age 32), 69.7% were male. Results More than half (53.8%) reported gambling in their lifetime and of those most (43.9%) played scratch and win tickets or the
lottery. In multivariate analyses men reported gambling more than women [2.13, 95% CI = (1.03, 4.38)]. The odds of gambling
in their lifetime were higher among those reporting sending money to family or friends in the home country [2.65, 95% CI = 1.10,
6.38)], and those who reported 1–5 days as compared to no days of poor mental health in the past 30 days [2.44, 95% CI = 1.22,
4.89)]. Conversely, those who reported entering the U.S. to live after 1996 were less likely to report gambling [0.44, 95%
CI = (0.22, 0.89)] as compared to those who had lived in the U.S. longer. Conclusion There is a need to further explore both the prevalence and the severity of gambling amongst the growing population of undocumented
Mexican immigrants in the U.S. 相似文献
20.
Late talkers are a heterogeneous group of children who experience delayed language development in the absence of other known causes. Late talkers show delays in expressive phonological development, but less is known about their receptive phonological development. In the current study, U.S. monolingual English-speaking typical talkers (TTs) (n = 23, mean age = 26.27 months, 57% male; 78.3% White) and late talkers (n = 22, mean age = 24.57 months, 59% male, 72.7% White) completed a Looking-While-Listening task to assess their sensitivity to mispronunciations. Results revealed that late talkers and TTs looked to the referent of a word for a shorter duration when it was mispronounced than when it was correctly pronounced, suggesting they were sensitive to mispronunciations. However, there were no significant differences between the two groups in their sensitivity to mispronunciations. 相似文献