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1.
Barnes GM Welte JW Tidwell MC Hoffman JH 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2011,27(4):575-586
Two representative U.S. telephone surveys of gambling were conducted—an adult survey of adults aged 18 years and older (n = 2,631)
and a youth survey of young people aged 14–21 years old (n = 2,274). Because the questions and methods were the same or similar
in both surveys, the data from these two surveys were combined into a single dataset to examine the prevalence and sociodemographic
correlates of gambling and problem gambling across the lifespan. The present work focused specifically on gambling on the
lottery which is the most prevalent form of gambling in the U.S. The frequency of gambling on the lottery increased sharply
from mid adolescence to age 18 which is the legal age to purchase lottery tickets in most states; lottery play continued to
increase into the thirties when it leveled off and remained high through the sixties and then decreased among those 70 years
and older. Considering multiple sociodemographic factors together in a negative binomial regression, the average number of
days of lottery gambling was significantly predicted by male gender, age, neighborhood disadvantage and whether or not lottery
was legal in the state where the respondent lived. These findings can be used to inform policies regarding lotteries in the
U.S. 相似文献
2.
Currie SR Hodgins DC Wang J el-Guebaly N Wynne H Miller NV 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2008,24(3):321-335
A set of low-risk gambling limits were recently produced using Canadian epidemiological data on the intensity of gambling
behavior and related consequences (Currie et al. Addiction 101:570–580, 2006). The empirically derived limits (gambling no more than two to three times per month, spending no more than $501–$100°CAN
per year or no more than 1% of gross income spent on gambling) accurately predicted risk of gambling-related harm after controlling
for other risk factors. The present study sought to replicate these limits on data collected in three independently conducted
Canadian provincial gambling surveys. Dose–response curves and logistic regression analyses were applied to gambling prevalence
data collected in surveys conducted in 2001–2002 within the provinces of Alberta, British Columbia, and Ontario (combined
sample N = 7,675). A comparable dose–response relationship between gambling intensity and risk of harm was found in each province.
The optimal thresholds for defining an upper limit of low-risk gambling were similar across the three provinces despite variations
in the availability and organization of legalized gambling opportunities within each region. These results provide additional
evidence supporting the validity of the low-risk gambling limits. Quantitative limits could be used to augment existing responsible
gambling guidelines.
相似文献
Shawn R. CurrieEmail: |
3.
Tsitsika A Critselis E Janikian M Kormas G Kafetzis DA 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2011,27(3):389-400
The study objectives were to evaluate the correlates and psychosocial implications of internet gambling among adolescents,
as well as the association between internet gambling and problematic internet use. A cross-sectional study design was applied
among a random sample (N = 484) of adolescents (71.2% boys; 28.8% girls; mean age ± standard deviation, SD = 14.88 ± 0.55 years). Self-completed questionnaires,
including internet gambling practices, internet use characteristics, Young Internet Addiction Test, and Strengths and Difficulties
Questionnaire were utilized. The prevalence of internet gambling was 15.1%. Internet gambling was associated with psychosocial
maladjustment, including Abnormal Conduct Problems (gender adjusted odds ratio, AOR = 3.83; 95% confidence interval, 95% CI:
1.86–7.92) and Borderline Peer Problems (AOR = 2.04; 95% CI: 1.09–3.85). The likelihood of concomitant problematic internet
use was significantly higher among internet gamblers (AOR = 1.81; 95% CI: 1.03–3.19). Multivariate regression analyses indicated
that among all characteristics of internet use assessed, utilizing the internet for the purposes of gambling practices was
independently associated with problematic internet use among adolescents (AOR = 3.43; 95% CI: 1.40–8.39). Thus, the study
findings suggest that adolescents who participate in internet gambling practices are more likely to concomitantly present
with problematic internet use. 相似文献
4.
Anna C. Thomas Felicity C. Allen James Phillips 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2009,25(3):343-355
Electronic gambling machines (EGMs) are known to be a particularly risky form of gambling (Petry. Addiction 98(5):645–655,
2003). It is vital that researchers and clinicians are aware of factors which could lead to people having problems with this
form. Gambling motivation is one such factor. This study developed a measure of EGM gambling motivations based on the results
of qualitative research conducted with EGM problem gamblers and experienced counsellors (Thomas et al. Int J Mental Health
Addiction 7:97–107, 2009). A community based sample of 232 females (M = 29.60 years of age, SD = 15.41 years) and 123 males
(M = 29.64 years of age, SD = 12.29 years) participated. Exploratory factor analysis extracted three motivational factors
indicating people gambled on EGMs to escape, for its accessibility and for the social environment. Gambling to escape and
for its accessibility had substantial positive correlations with frequency of EGM gambling and gambling problems. Social environment
correlated less well with these indicators of excessive gambling. Correlations between factors suggested the accessible, social
experience offered by EGM venues increases their appeal as a means of escape. The new subscales were internally consistent
and demonstrated good evidence of validity. This new measure will facilitate future investigations into the relationships
between gambling motivations, other aetiological factors and EGM problem gambling. 相似文献
5.
Rockloff MJ 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2012,28(2):207-216
A 3 item screen for problem gambling was developed based on a conceptual analogue of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test—Consumption (Bush et al. in Arch Intern Med 158:1789–1795, 1998); a brief screen that measures consumption rather than harm. Data were collected from an email panel survey of 588 men and
810 women (n = 1,398) across all states in Australia. Respondents indicated their consumption of gambling products using the 3 items of
the new Consumption Screen for Problem Gambling (CSPG). Receiver Operating Characteristics curve analysis was used to analyze
the performance of the new items relative to the Problem Gambling Severity Index (Ferris and Wynne in The Canadian problem
gambling index: Final report, 2001). Results show a 98% probability that the CSPG score for a randomly chosen positive case of problem gambling will exceed
the score for a randomly chosen negative case. In addition, a score of 4+ on the CSPG identified all 14 cases of Problem Gambling
correctly, while only 7.3% of non-problem gamblers had scores of 4+ (sensitivity = 100%; specificity = 92.7%). Lastly, only
3.0% of respondents without any gambling problems had CSPG scores of 4+. The current study suggests that the CSPG, a brief consumption-based measure for
gambling products, can quickly and accurately identify people who are likely to be experiencing gambling problems. 相似文献
6.
Sophie Inglin Gerhard Gmel 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2011,27(2):299-316
The present study aims to analyze attitudes and beliefs of the French-speaking general Swiss population (n = 2500; female n = 1280; mean age = 43 years) as regards gambling, which are to date almost exclusively studied in the North American and
Australian contexts. Beliefs related to gambling include the perception of the effectiveness of preventive measures toward
gambling, the comparative risk assessment of different addictive behaviors, the perceived risks of different types of gambling
and attitudes are related to the gambler’s personality. The general population perceived gambling rather negatively and was
conscious of the potential risks of gambling; indeed, 59.0% of the sample identified gambling as an addictive practice. Slot
machines were estimated to bear the highest risk. Compared with women and older people, men and young people indicated more
positive beliefs about gambling; they perceived gambling as less addictive, supported structural preventive measures less
often, and perceived gambling as a less serious problem for society. Gamblers were more likely to put their practices into
perspective, perceiving gambling more positively than non-gamblers. General population surveys on such beliefs can deliver
insights into preventive actions that should be targeted to young men who showed more favorable views of gambling, which have
been shown to be associated with increased risk for problematic gambling. 相似文献
7.
Katharine M. Papoff Joan E. Norris 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2009,25(2):185-199
Instant ticket purchase gambling (ITPG) is pervasive in Ontario and has features that mimic slot machine play. Previous researchers
have reported that ITPG is one preferred activity for at-risk/problem gamblers. In the general Canadian population, rate of
participation in ITPG is second only to lottery ticket gambling. Both are particularly favored by youth and seniors. The next
cohort of seniors will be Canada’s baby boomers, one-third of whom live in Ontario. Secondary analysis of Statistics Canada
data revealed that adults in this cohort who buy instant gambling tickets (N = 1781) are significantly different from the complete group of their age peers (N = 4266) in number of activities pursued and frequency of involvement. At-risk/problem gambling prevalence was 10.2% amongst
Ontario baby boomers who participate in instant ticket gambling, significantly higher than the 6.7% found amongst the total
group of baby boom gamblers. For those who reported experiencing one or more of the Canadian Problem Gambling Index indicators
for problem gambling (N = 237), 73% were buying instant tickets. Future research should consider cohort effects and explore combinations of preferred
gambling activities that may increase risk for problem gambling. Social policy recommendations include the use of all ITPG
venues as key locations for promoting awareness of problem gambling treatment services.
This work was funded by Ontario Problem Gambling Research Centre. 相似文献
8.
Vitaro F Wanner B Brendgen M Tremblay RE 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2008,24(4):535-553
We compared offspring of problem gamblers (n = 42) to offspring of parents without gambling problems (n = 100) to see (1) whether the two groups differed with respect to depressive feelings and conduct/antisociality problems
and (2) whether ineffective parenting or the offspring’s own gambling problems played a mediating role in this context. Participants
were drawn from a relatively large community-based study (N = 1,872). Parents rated their own gambling and other mental health problems when their children were in mid-adolescence.
The children’s self-reports on depressive feelings and conduct/antisociality problems were assessed at two points in time:
by mid-adolescence and again by early adulthood. Results showed that children of parents with gambling problems reported more
depressive feelings and more conduct problems by mid-adolescence than children of parents without gambling problems. Children
of problem gamblers also experienced an increase in their depressive symptoms from mid-adolescence to early adulthood. Importantly,
ineffective parenting, but not children’s gambling problems, mediated almost all the links between parental problem gambling
and children’s adjustment problems. These results add to a very small data base showing that children of problem gamblers
are at risk for a variety of adjustment problems.
相似文献
Frank VitaroEmail: |
9.
David C. Hodgins Nady el-Guebaly 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2010,26(1):117-127
A prospective study of the role of comorbid substance abuse and dependence and mood disorders in the outcome from pathological
gambling. A naturalistic sample of pathological gamblers who had recently quit gambling (N = 101) was followed and data were available for 83% of participants at 3 months, 80% at 12 months, and 52% at 5 years. Those
participants with a drug diagnosis during their lifetime were less likely to have a minimum 3 month period of abstinence,
and those who had been involved in gambling treatment were more likely to have a minimum 12 months of continuous abstinence.
Lifetime gambling problem severity and involvement in gambling treatment were most commonly associated with a shorter time
to achieving a period of abstinence of any length. Lifetime history of a mood disorder also predicted a longer time to reach
a minimum 3 months of continuous abstinence. Both gambling treatment and an alcohol diagnosis follow up predicted an increase
in the odds of experiencing a relapse from a minimum 6 month period of abstinence. Overall, comorbid mental health disorders
are predictive of shorter term but not longer term outcome. 相似文献
10.
Li H Mao LL Zhang JJ Wu Y Li A Chen J 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2012,28(1):47-68
The purpose of this study was to identify and examine the dimensions of problem gambling behaviors associated with purchasing
sports lottery in China. This was accomplished through the development and validation of the Scale of Assessing Problem Gambling
(SAPG). The SAPG was initially developed through a comprehensive qualitative research process. Research participants (N = 4,982) were Chinese residents who had purchased sports lottery tickets, who responded to a survey packet, representing
a response rate of 91.4%. Data were split into two halves, one for conducting an EFA and the other for a CFA. A five-factor
model with 19 items (Social Consequence, Financial Consequence, Harmful Behavior, Compulsive Disorder, and Depression Sign)
showed good measurement properties to assess problem gambling of sports lottery consumers in China, including good fit to
the data (RMSEA = 0.050, TLI = 0.978, and CFI = 0.922), convergent and discriminate validity, and reliability. Regression
analyses revealed that except for Depression Sign, the SAPG factors were significantly (P < 0.05) predictive of purchase behaviors of sports lottery. This study represents an initial effort to understand the dimensions
of problem gambling associated with Chinese sports lottery. The developed scale may be adopted by researchers and practitioners
to examine problem gambling behaviors and develop effective prevention and intervention procedures based on tangible evidence. 相似文献
11.
12.
Rockloff MJ Dyer V 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2007,23(4):467-478
The Four Es is a 40-item scale measuring psychological risk for the development of problem gambling behavior. One-year follow-up interviews
(n = 395) from a previously reported phone survey in Queensland, Australia (n = 2,577) (Rockloff & Dyer, 2006) tested the ability of the Four Es instrument to prospectively identify persons who would later develop gambling problems.
Two groups of participants were selected for the 1-year follow-up interviews, including (1) persons who had gambling problems,
high-risk alcohol abuse problems, and/or substance abuse problems (abuse group); and (2) a random selection of other persons
from the original survey (random group). The results indicated that the “Excess” trait, which measures impulsive behavior,
was predictive of relative increases in gambling problems for both groups over the 1-year period. Additionally, the Four Es
questionnaire showed good psychometric properties in the surveys, with a test-retest reliability of r = .70 and a Cronbach’s alpha reliability of α = .90 and .92 in the original and follow-up interviews, respectively. 相似文献
13.
Abbott MW McKenna BG Giles LC 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2005,21(4):537-558
Recently sentenced inmates in four New Zealand male prisons (N = 357) were interviewed to assess their gambling involvement, problem gambling and criminal offending. Frequent participation
in and high expenditure on continuous forms of gambling prior to imprisonment were reported. Nineteen percent said they had
been in prison for a gambling-related offence and most of this offending was property-related and non-violent. On the basis
of their SOGS-R scores, 21% were lifetime probable pathological gamblers and 16% were probable pathological gamblers during
the six months prior to imprisonment. Of the “current” problem gamblers, 51% reported gambling-related offending and 35% had
been imprisoned for a crime of this type. Gambling-related offending increased with problem gambling severity. However, only
five percent of problem gamblers said their early offending was gambling-related. The large majority reported other types
of offending at this time. Few men had sought or received help for gambling problems prior to imprisonment or during their
present incarceration. This highlights the potential for assessment and treatment programs in prison to reduce recidivism
and adverse effects of problem gambling and gambling-related offending. 相似文献
14.
Kevin Gomes Antonio Pascual-Leone 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2009,25(1):1-17
To successfully facilitate the treatment of problem gambling, change processes should be examined in order to identify those
variables that differentiate good versus poor treatment outcomes. The current study explored the change facilitating effects
of certain characteristics or conditions of an individual being treated: emotional support, instrumental support, emotional
awareness, GA involvement, and depressed affect. These conditions were hypothesized to be predictive of a change-oriented
mindset (i.e., “resources for change”) measured by abstinence self-efficacy, motivation for change, and readiness for change.
Participants were 60 outpatients (54.2% male; M age = 46.7 years) with problem gambling recruited from several treatment centres throughout Ontario, Canada. Results indicated
that: (1) depressed affect and emotional support seem to influence self-efficacy for abstinence, (2) emotional support alone
appears to influence motivation for change, and (3) GA involvement, depressed affect, and emotional awareness, together, seem
to influence readiness for change. These findings have implications for promoting change oriented dispositions in problem
gambling individuals. 相似文献
15.
Rockloff MJ Dyer V 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2006,22(1):101-120
A focus group of Reno area Gamblers Anonymous members identified four psychological traits contributing to risk for problem gambling, including: Escape, Esteem, Excess and Excitement. A panel of four experts authored 240 Likert-type items to measure these traits. By design, none of the items explicitly referred to gambling activities. Study 1 narrowed the field of useful items by employing a quasi-experimental design which compared the answers of Reno area Gamblers Anonymous members (N = 39) to a control sample (N = 34). Study 2 submitted successful items, plus new items authored with the knowledge gained from Study 1, to validation in a random sample telephone survey across Queensland, Australia (N=2577). The final 40 item Four Es scale (4Es) was reliable (α=.90); predicted gambling problems as measured by the Canadian Problem Gambling Index of Severity (PGSI, Ferris & Wynne (2001). The Canadian Problem Gambling Index: Final Report: Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse); and distinguished problem gamblers from persons with alcohol abuse problems. The new scale can provide a basis for further study in harm minimization, treatment, and theory development. 相似文献
16.
Momper SL Nandi V Ompad DC Delva J Galea S 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2009,25(1):49-65
Objectives To examine the prevalence of gambling and types of gambling activities in a sample of undocumented Mexican immigrants. Design Non-probability cross-sectional design. Setting New York City. Sample The 431 respondents ranged in age from 18 to 80 (mean age 32), 69.7% were male. Results More than half (53.8%) reported gambling in their lifetime and of those most (43.9%) played scratch and win tickets or the
lottery. In multivariate analyses men reported gambling more than women [2.13, 95% CI = (1.03, 4.38)]. The odds of gambling
in their lifetime were higher among those reporting sending money to family or friends in the home country [2.65, 95% CI = 1.10,
6.38)], and those who reported 1–5 days as compared to no days of poor mental health in the past 30 days [2.44, 95% CI = 1.22,
4.89)]. Conversely, those who reported entering the U.S. to live after 1996 were less likely to report gambling [0.44, 95%
CI = (0.22, 0.89)] as compared to those who had lived in the U.S. longer. Conclusion There is a need to further explore both the prevalence and the severity of gambling amongst the growing population of undocumented
Mexican immigrants in the U.S. 相似文献
17.
Geir Scott Brunborg Bjørn Helge Johnsen Ståle Pallesen Helge Molde Rune Aune Mentzoni Helga Myrseth 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2010,26(4):545-559
This study investigated the relationship between aversive conditioning, heart rate variability suppression, behavioral activation
system/behavioral inhibition system and risk-avoidance on the Iowa gambling task (IGT) in a nonclinical sample (29 male, 29
female, mean age = 20.7). A laboratory based Pavlovian aversive conditioning paradigm was used where a 1500 Hz tone (CS+)
was followed by a burst of loud white noise (US), and a 850 Hz (CS−) tone was never followed by the US. In a subsequent extinction
phase where the CS+ and CS− were presented without the US, conditioned skin conductance responses to the CS+ indicated aversive
conditioning. The results showed that the participants who did not show aversive conditioning (N = 26) exhibited significantly less risk-avoidance compared to participants who did show aversive conditioning (N = 32). Regression analysis showed that among the study variables, only aversive conditioning contributed significantly to
explaining variance in risk-avoidance. These results may have implications for understanding risk-taking in gambling in general,
and may be a starting point understanding the role of aversive conditioning in the development and maintenance of gambling
problems. 相似文献
18.
Ziming Xuan Howard Shaffer 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2009,25(2):239-252
Objective: To examine behavioral patterns of actual Internet gamblers who experienced gambling-related problems and voluntarily closed
their accounts. Design: A nested case–control design was used to compare gamblers who closed their accounts because of gambling problems to those
who maintained open accounts. Setting: Actual play patterns of in vivo Internet gamblers who subscribed to an Internet gambling site. Participants: 226 gamblers who closed accounts due to gambling problems were selected from a cohort of 47,603 Internet gamblers who subscribed
to an Internet gambling site during February 2005; 226 matched-case controls were selected from the group of gamblers who
did not close their accounts. Daily aggregates of behavioral data were collected during an 18-month study period. Main outcome measures: Main outcomes of interest were daily aggregates of stake, odds, and net loss, which were standardized by the daily aggregate
number of bets. We also examined the number of bets to measure trajectory of gambling frequency. Results: Account closers due to gambling problems experienced increasing monetary loss as the time to closure approached; they also
increased their stake per bet. Yet they did not chase longer odds; their choices of wagers were more probabilistically conservative
(i.e., short odds) compared with the controls. The changes of monetary involvement and risk preference occurred concurrently
during the last few days prior to voluntary closing. Conclusions: Our finding of an involvement-seeking yet risk-averse tendency among self-identified problem gamblers challenges the notion
that problem gamblers seek “long odds” during “chasing.” 相似文献
19.
Weatherly JN Miller JC Montes KS Rost C 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2012,28(2):217-223
Dixon and Johnson (Anal Gambl Behav 1: 44–49, 2007) proposed the Gambling Functional Assessment as a tool to identify the consequences maintaining the respondent’s gambling
behavior, but subsequent studies on its psychometric properties suggested that it could use improvement. The present study
investigated the internal consistency of the Gambling Functional Assessment—Revised using the responses of 1,060 undergraduate
students. Temporal reliability was assessed by a second administration of the measure four (n = 87) or twelve (n = 98) weeks after the first administration. Temporal reliability was also compared to the South Oaks Gambling Screen (Lesieur
and Blume in Am J Psychiatry 144: 1184–1188, 1987), which was also administered at both time points. Internal consistency measures were good to excellent, even when potential
non-gamblers were excluded from the analyses. Temporal stability was also very good, with the possible exception of the consequence
of “escape” at 12 weeks. The Gambling Functional Assessment—Revised represents a potentially useful tool for researchers and
therapists interested in why respondents are gambling. 相似文献
20.
The Proxy Effect: Gender and Gambling Problem Trajectories of Iowa Gambling Treatment Program Participants 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Nelson SE Laplante DA Labrie RA Shaffer HJ 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2006,22(2):221-240
Recent research has found that men and women who end up in gambling treatment tend to follow different trajectories to that endpoint: women generally begin gambling later in life, but progress to problems and seek treatment more quickly. With women’s prevalence rates of gambling and disordered gambling increasing, it has become important to identify the causes and consequences of these trajectory differences. The current study used a sample of 2,256 gamblers enrolled in the Iowa Gambling Treatment Program to examine the relationship of gender and other demographic, economic and health-related (i.e., psychosocial) factors to empirically-identified gambling problem trajectories. The results indicated that gender made a statistically significant contribution to the prediction of trajectory, but increased predictive accuracy by only 1–2% beyond a model with psychosocial predictors. Gender’s contribution was limited to its relationship to age of initiation; men and women’s problem progression did not differ meaningfully once age of gambling initiation was taken into account. Gender is a unique contributor to the development of gambling problems among treatment seekers, but it is only one small part of the myriad psychosocial characteristics that influence gambling problem development.
相似文献
Sarah E. NelsonEmail: |