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1.
In this article we study the bias caused by the conventional retrospective measurement of parental high cultural activities
in the effects of parental high cultural activities and educational attainment on son’s or daughter’s high cultural activities.
Multi-informant data show that there is both random measurement error and correlated error in the respondent’s report of parental
high cultural activities. Correlated measurement error is the consequence of the fact that adult children who have higher
rates of high cultural activities, report higher levels of parental cultural activities than the parents themselves do. When
controls for both types of measurement error are included in structural models, the total intergenerational effect of parental
high cultural activities appears to be larger than in a model without controls for measurement error, but the direct intergenerational
effect is not biased if educational attainment is controlled for. The effect of educational attainment on high cultural activities
is larger in models that correct for measurement error. In addition, the effect of educational attainment is stronger than
the effect of parental high cultural activities, both with and without correction for measurement error.
相似文献
Jannes de VriesEmail: |
2.
This paper estimates the impact of a recent expansion in Canadian paid family leave from 25 to 50 weeks on maternal employment
and transfer income. It finds the expansion coincided with increases in transfers to mothers of children age zero to one relative
to mothers of children age three to four, and with decreases in returns to work in the year after birth. These changes were
concentrated among economically advantaged groups of women, defined by marital status, education, and non-wage income. Despite
these changes, there was no evidence of a decrease in returns to work or relative employment for mothers of children age one.
相似文献
Maria HanrattyEmail: |
3.
Children are increasingly spending time in cohabiting parent families. Most studies that examine the implications of parental
cohabitation focus on parental living arrangements at a single point in time. Using data from the National Survey of Family
Growth (NSFG), we assess whether and how parental cohabitation during childhood influences adolescent girls’ well-being. This
work moves beyond prior studies by specifically considering the effects of the exposure to, transitions, and age at which
children lived in cohabiting parent families. The results indicate living in cohabiting parent families is consequential for
earlier sexual initiation, likelihood of having a teen birth, and high school graduation. Prior work suggests that the explanation
for the negative effect of parental cohabitation is family instability. Yet, our empirical work shows that family instability
does not explain the relationship between cohabitation and negative child outcomes. We conclude that the best way to understand
the implications of parental cohabitation is to adopt a dynamic family experience model.
相似文献
Ronald E. BulandaEmail: |
4.
Understanding sibling differences in child labor 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Eric V. Edmonds 《Journal of population economics》2006,19(4):795-821
This study considers sibling differences in child labor in Nepal. The data are consistent with a model where parents care equally for all children but siblings differ in comparative advantage in household production, although parental preferences and credit constraints could also be important. Girls, especially older girls, tend to work more than their brothers. This extra work increases with the number of younger siblings and the spacing between siblings. The extra work performed by girls is such that, at modal birth spacing, the younger girl actually spends significantly more time working than her older brother.
相似文献
Eric V. EdmondsEmail: Fax: +1-603-6462122 |
5.
Yang-Ming Chang 《Journal of population economics》2009,22(4):1081-1098
This paper examines the rent-seeking behavior of “selfish” children in competing for parental transfers. The paper extends
Chang and Weisman (South Econ J 71:821–836, 2005), that focuses on compensated transfers, to allow for non-compensated transfers à la Buchanan (J Law Econ 26:71–85, 1983) and derives results for the case in which children’s time contributions as perceived by their parents are a merit good (e.g.,
service), pure waste (e.g., bugging), or a mix of both. For an increase in the proportion of time contributions that are pure
waste, parents find it optimal to reduce the size of an overall transfer, thereby lowering the levels of wasteful rent-seeking
activities by their children within the family.
相似文献
Yang-Ming ChangEmail: |
6.
Sharada Weir 《Journal of population economics》2007,20(1):203-222
Evidence on the extent of low enrolment and late entry for a sample of rural households in Ethiopia is provided, and two potential
sources of education externality benefits for school-age children, parental and neighbourhood education, are examined. The
education of parents, most significantly mothers, is found to contribute to children's schooling, as does the education of
neighbourhood women. The mechanisms by which such externalities may operate are considered by examining the effects of cognitive
and non-cognitive outputs of schooling upon current school enrolment of children. Findings illustrate both the importance
of girls' schooling and some challenges for education policy.
相似文献
Sharada WeirEmail: |
7.
A constitutional theory of the family 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Alessandro Cigno 《Journal of population economics》2006,19(2):259-283
The paper re-examines the idea that a family can be viewed as a community governed by a self-enforcing constitution, and extends existing results in two directions. First, it identifies the circumstances in which a constitution is renegotiation-proof. Second, it introduces parental altruism. The behavioural and policy implications are illustrated by showing the effects of public pensions and credit rationing. These implications are not much affected by whether altruism is assumed or not, but contrast sharply with those of more conventional models.
相似文献
Alessandro CignoEmail: |
8.
The influence of wages on parents’ allocations of time to child care and market work in the United Kingdom 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Charlene M. Kalenkoski David C. Ribar Leslie S. Stratton 《Journal of population economics》2009,22(2):399-419
We use time-diary data on couples with children from the 2000 United Kingdom Time Use Survey to examine the impacts of own
and partner’s wages on parents’ provision of child care and market work on weekdays and on weekends and holidays. We find
that increases in partners’ wages increase women’s primary care on all days and decrease their market work on weekdays, while
increases in women’s own wages increase their market work on weekdays. There is little evidence that men’s time use responds
to changes in their own wages. However, an increase in men’s partners’ wages increases men’s passive child-care time on weekends
and reduces their market-work time on weekends.
相似文献
Leslie S. Stratton |
9.
In this paper, the data from the multi-purpose survey on household “Time Use” conducted by Istat (the Italian National Statistical
Institute) in 2002–2003 and the data from this same survey conducted in 1988–1989 will be analysed with the purpose of describing
the fathers’ daily participation in the domestic activities and of highlighting the changes that have taken place during the
14 years elapsed between the two survey editions. The analysis will be carried out using standard time-use data analysis’
tool, time budget tables and by applying a multi-variate regression model with the objective of separating the relative contribution
of the behavioural and structural factors to explain the variation observed.
相似文献
Dario BruzzeseEmail: |
10.
Alfonso Miranda 《Journal of population economics》2006,19(1):55-70
In the last decades, female permanent sterilisation became the most used method of contraception in Mexico. During this time,
the demand for pills, condoms and other short-term contraceptives fell consistently. The shift in the demand for contraceptives
raises concerns among demographers that the timing of children may remain unchanged regardless of observed reductions in period
fertility rates. This paper assesses such ideas in the context of the timing of a first child using duration models as the
main analysis tool. Findings suggest that young cohorts of women are effectively delaying first birth relative to the experience
of older generations.
相似文献
Alfonso MirandaEmail: |
11.
We examine the long-run effects of the pay-as-you-go (PAYG) social security scheme on fertility and welfare of individuals
in an overlapping generations model, assuming that child-care services are available in the market. We show that the impact
of a tax increase on fertility depends on the relative magnitudes of the standard intergenerational redistribution effect
through the social security system, the (implicit) subsidy effect through tax-exemption of child rearing at home, and the
price effect through changes in the relative price of market child care, and that if parental child-rearing time is inelastic,
a tax cut could bring about a Pareto-improving allocation.
相似文献
Akira Yakita (Corresponding author)Email: |
12.
Measuring Housework Participation: The Gap between “Stylised” Questionnaire Estimates and Diary-based Estimates 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Man Yee Kan 《Social indicators research》2008,86(3):381-400
This article compares stylised (questionnaire-based) estimates and diary-based estimates of housework time collected from
the same respondents. Data come from the Home On-line Study (1999–2001), a British national household survey that contains
both types of estimates (sample size = 632 men and 666 women). It shows that the gap between the two types of estimate is
generally smaller in the case of women. But the gap between the estimates in the case of women is associated with the amount
of housework performed as secondary activities and the level of irregularity in housework hours. Presence of dependent children,
on the other hand, inflates the gap for both men and women. Men holding traditional gender-role attitudes tend to report more
housework time in surveys than in diaries, but the tendency is reversed when they undertake long hours of housework. The overall
results suggest that there are systematic errors in stylised housework time estimates.
相似文献
Man Yee KanEmail: |
13.
The Canadian unemployment insurance program is designed to reflect the varying risk of joblessness across regions. Regions that are considered low-risk areas subsidize higher-risk ones. A region’s risk is typically proxied by its relative unemployment rate. We use a dynamic, heterogeneous-agent model calibrated to Canada to analyze voters’ preferences between a uniformly generous unemployment insurance and the current system with asymmetric generosity. We find that Canada’s unusual unemployment insurance system is surprisingly close to what voters would choose in spite of the possibilities of shirking and self-insurance through asset buildup.
相似文献
Christian Zimmermann (Corresponding author)Email: |
14.
This study reviewed three philosophical accounts of happiness, and then tested those accounts with the Asiabarometer surveys
conducted in six Confucian societies during the summer of 2006. Statistical analyses of these surveys reveal that East Asians
tend to experience happiness to a greater extent when they experience enjoyment together with achievement and/or satisfaction.
The preponderance of such multi-dimensional conceptions in all those societies poses a direct challenge to a single dimensional
account of happiness in the West. The analyses also reveal that positive assessments of interpersonal relationships matter
more than the amount of knowledge or wealth in living a happy life in Confucian societies.
相似文献
Doh Chull Shin (Corresponding author)Email: |
Takashi InoguchiEmail: |
15.
In a recent paper, Manning et al. (Popul Res Policy Rev 23:135–139, 2004) examine the stability of marital and cohabiting
unions from the perspective of children and find that children born to cohabiting parents are more likely to experience a
parental separation than children born to married parents. They find, further, that subsequent marriage among cohabiting parents
is associated with increases in the stability of these families, particularly among whites. We rely on the same data, the
1995 National Survey of Family Growth, to extend their findings. Our empirical results complement Manning et al.’s by modeling
four distinct trajectories of cohabitation and marriage around the time of the first birth and by comparing the dissolution
risks associated with each. We focus particular attention on the stability of cohabiting couples who marry before a first
birth and those who marry after a first birth. For these couples, we find that the ordering of cohabitation, marriage, and
childbirth is not associated with union stability, and we interpret this to suggest that many cohabiting couples jointly plan
marriage and childbirth.
相似文献
Kelly MusickEmail: |
16.
The within-household schooling decision: a study of children in rural Andhra Pradesh 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Using microdata from a field survey of children in rural Andhra Pradesh, India, we estimate econometric models which aim to
identify the key explanatory factors in the decision on schooling. The approach adopted is to focus on the effects of sibling
competition within the household, by paying close attention to the number, age and gender of a child's siblings, while also
taking account of the characteristics of the household and community. Our findings suggest that the schooling decision depends
as much on the child's characteristics and position within the household, as on the circumstances in which the child lives.
相似文献
Peter G. MoffattEmail: |
17.
“Backslanted X” fertility dynamics and macroeconomics 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Yishay D. Maoz 《Journal of population economics》2008,21(1):159-172
A large number of pairs of countries exhibit a dynamic pattern in which: (1) Fertility in both countries declines across time;
(2) initially, one country has a higher fertility and a lower per-capita income than the other; and (3) in time, as per-capita
incomes converge, fertility rates in the poorer country become lower than in the richer one. This article documents the prevalence
of such dynamics and offers a theoretical model in which these dynamics emerge endogenously. Assuming differences in the degree
of utility substitution between consumption and rearing children across countries generates all three components of these
dynamics.
相似文献
Yishay D. MaozEmail: |
18.
Does child gender affect marital status? Evidence from Australia 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Andrew Leigh 《Journal of population economics》2009,22(2):351-366
Pooling microdata from five Australian censuses, I explore the relationship between child gender and parents’ marital status.
By contrast with the USA, I find no evidence that the gender of the first child has a significant impact on the decision to
marry or divorce. However, among two-child families, parents with two children of the same sex are 1.7 percentage points less
likely to be married than parents with a boy and a girl. This finding is unlikely to be consistent with theories of preference
for sons over daughters, differential costs, role models, or complementary costs but is consistent with a theory of mixed-gender
preference.
相似文献
Andrew LeighEmail: |
19.
Birth order matters: the effect of family size and birth order on educational attainment 总被引:6,自引:5,他引:1
Using the British Household Panel Survey, we investigate if family size and birth order affect children’s subsequent educational
attainment. Theory suggests a trade-off between child quantity and “quality” and that siblings are unlikely to receive equal
shares of parental resources devoted to children’s education. We construct a new birth order index that effectively purges
family size from birth order and use this to test if siblings are assigned equal shares in the family’s educational resources.
We find that the shares are decreasing with birth order. Ceteris paribus, children from larger families have less education,
and the family size effect does not vanish when we control for birth order. These findings are robust to numerous specification
checks.
相似文献
Hiau Joo KeeEmail: |
20.
In studying the complex determinants of human fertility, social scientists have given little attention to population density,
although reproduction has been shown to be density-dependent for a wide variety of other species. Using fixed effects models
on the time series of 145 countries and controlling for key social and economic variables, we find a consistent and significant
negative relationship between human fertility and population density. Moreover, we find that individual fertility preferences
also decline with population density. These findings suggest that population density should be included as a variable in future
studies of fertility determinants.
相似文献
Wolfgang LutzEmail: |