资产收益率的共同运动研究

对中国市场资产收益率的共同运动的研究表明,在可见的和不可见的影响所有资产价格变化的宏观经济因素被控制之后,我国证券市场中资产组合的收益率间依然存在共同运动.宏观经济因素对于资产收益率的解释力并不强,而市场中其他资产的收益率可解释大部分的资产收益率.该结论在很大程度上支持了基于羊群行为的有限理性资产定价模型.     

A Note on Consistency in Utility Assessment*

A methodology for determining a von Neumann-Morgenstern utility function is outlined based on the axioms crucial to such a function. Reconciliation of inconsistent judgments is facilitated using the theory of reciprocal matrices. Numerical measures of the collective divergence of a set of judgments from perfect consistency or coherency are provided.     

基于CVaR与矩匹配方法的外汇储备资产配置动态随机优化模型

本文建立了一个动态的随机优化模型,对我国外汇储备在国际资产中的配置问题进行研究。采用基于矩匹配方法生成的情景树代表资产价格波动与币种间汇率变动的不确定性,将管理当局对于外汇储备安全性、流动性、收益性的要求统一纳入模型中,最终计算出外汇储备各资产的动态配置比例。结果表明,运用动态随机优化模型对我国外汇资产进行动态配置灵活、有效。     

资源性资产超额收益、隐性价值及其收益分配实证研究

使用2001年～2005年中国采掘类上市公司的面板数据对资源性资产的超额收益率及其隐性价值进行实证分析,采用配对样本检验、配对样本回归及事件研究发现,中国采掘类企业的收益率超过其他行业,存在超社会平均收益率,总资产收益率高出约4个百分点,净资产收益率高出约3个百分点;同时发现,资源储量信息披露具有一定的信息含量,资源性资产存在隐性价值.根据实证研究结论提出初步的资源收益分配、资源税费改革的设想和完善会计准则的建议.     

欧元外汇市场收益率的长期记忆性比较研究

针对欧元汇率的时间序列是否存在长期记忆性的问题,提出分别使用修正R/S和GPH谱回归的分析方法进行比较评估.以1999年1月1日～2007年12月31日欧元对美元、日元、英镑、瑞士法郎、加拿大元、澳大利亚元和新加坡元的双边汇率数据作为研究对象,每组货币对的样本数均为2 304个,取其对教收益序列.实证结果表明,修正R/S分析方法下,仅欧元时澳大利亚元的汇率数据在5%的水平下接受长期记忆的假设,其他均未表现出长期记忆性;而GPH检验下.7种货币对的日收益序列均不存在显著的长期记忆性.欧元外汇市场总体上不存在显著的长期记忆性,其原因可能是欧元外汇市场上存在大规模的短期交易行为.     

Locating Facilities in the Presence of Disruptions and Incomplete Information*

In this article, we analyze a location model where facilities may be subject to disruptions. Customers do not have advance information about whether a given facility is operational or not, and thus may have to visit several facilities before finding an operational one. The objective is to locate a set of facilities to minimize the total expected cost of customer travel. We decompose the total cost into travel, reliability, and information components. This decomposition allows us to put a value on the advance information about the states of facilities and compare it to the reliability and travel cost components, which allows a decision maker to evaluate which part of the system would benefit the most from improvements. The structure of optimal solutions is analyzed, with two interesting effects identified: facility centralization and co‐location; both effects appear to be stronger than in the complete information case, where the status of each facility is known in advance.     

A Note on Compounded Conservatism

Compounded conservatism (or "creeping safety") describes the impact of using conservative, upper-bound estimates of the values of multiple input variates to obtain a conservative estimate of risk modeled as an increasing function of those variates. In a simple multiplicative model of risk, for example, if upper p -fractile (100 p th percentile) values are used for each of several statistically independent input variates, the resulting risk estimate will be the upper p' -fractile of risk predicted according to that multiplicative model, where p' > p . The amount of compounded conservativism reflected by the difference between p' and p may be substantial, depending on the number of inputs, their relative uncertainties, and the value of p selected. Particular numerical examples of compounded conservatism are often cited, but an analytic approach may better serve to conceptualize and communicate its potential quantitative impact. This note briefly outlines such an approach and illustrates its application to the case of risk modeled as a product of lognormally distributed inputs.     

Corporate Strategy Formulation and Taxation: Evidence from UK Firms*

This paper considers the relationship between corporate strategy formulation and taxation. Drawing on prior literature we briefly review the important influence that international taxation has on an array of corporate strategy decisions. We then consider issues in strategy formulation and taxation planning in order to develop an understanding of when and how taxation factors impinge on strategic decision‐making. We draw out the apparent paradox between the nature of strategic decision‐making and financial decision‐making and look for areas of reconciliation. In order to shed light on some of these issues we present findings from the qualitative analysis of a set of personal interviews undertaken with senior tax practitioners in seven UK‐based multinational enterprises and then consider quantitative responses from the tax practitioners working in 145 UK firms.     

Levy Tempered Stable金融资产收益分布及其CF-CGMM估计方法研究

本文在对经典的和修正的Levy tempered stable分布进行研究的基础上,结合现实中金融资产收益分布的实际特征,分析Levy tempered stable分布在构建模拟金融资产价格过程的Levy Jump模型的优势。由于这类分布的概率密度函数不存在解析式,直接应用传统MLE方法进行参数估计存在困难。为此,根据特征函数与概率密度函数的等价关系,本文建立基于特征函数(CF)具有连续矩条件的GMM(简称CF-CGMM)的Levy tempered Stable分布参数估计方法。同时,利用恒生指数、上证指数、标准普尔500指数数据对以上分布和参数估计方法进行实证研究,并根据参数计算结果和统计假设检验,对不同Levy tempered Stable分布的拟和优度进行检验和比较。本文也在参数估计和统计检验工作的基础上,根据Levy tempered Stable分布模型中不同参数的含义,结合实证计算的结果,对恒生指数、上证指数、标准普尔500指数价格运动特征给出符合现实的解释。     

A Note on Comparative Ambiguity Aversion and Justifiability

We consider a decision maker who ranks actions according to the smooth ambiguity criterion of Klibanoff, Marinacci, and Mukerji (2005). An action is justifiable if it is a best reply to some belief over probabilistic models. We show that higher ambiguity aversion expands the set of justifiable actions. A similar result holds for risk aversion. Our results follow from a generalization of the duality lemma of Wald (1949) and Pearce (1984).     

A Note on Job Tenure and Collective Contracts

Abstract. This paper analyses the relationship between individual tenure and the application of collective contracts at the firm level under the specific institutional settings in Germany. The empirical approach is based on a multilevel model and a linked employer–employee data set for the years 1990, 1995, and 2001. The main result is that elapsed tenure is longer in firms applying collective contracts than in companies with individual wage setting: workers in firms with collective contracts benefit not only from higher wages, but also from higher job stability. Furthermore, we find no significant changes in mean tenure during the 1990s as well as stable differences across wage‐setting regimes.     

全渠道零售商退货方式和定价研究

本文以全渠道零售商不同渠道的定价为背景,以企业利润最大化为目标,以顾客退货给零售商带来的损失为出发点,从三种不同的退货方式分析退货损失对零售商不同渠道最优定价和利润的影响。首先分析传统的原渠道退货(即：从购买产品的渠道退货),然后分析所有顾客都通过线上渠道退货,进而分析所有顾客都通过线下渠道退货。研究表明：三种退货方式下,当零售商与顾客的线上单位产品净退货损失之和小于线下单位产品净退货损失之和时,全渠道零售商选择全部退货到线上渠道可获得最大利润;当零售商与顾客的线上单位产品净退货损失之和大于线下单位产品净退货损失之和时,全渠道零售商应选择全部退货到线下的退货方式以获得最大利润;传统的退货方式不会让零售商获得最大利润。本文研究对于全渠道零售虑顾客退货损失的基础上,设置最合理的退货方式和不同渠道之间的最优定价有一定的指导意义和实际应用价值。     

沪深300指数收益率及已实现波动联合建模研究

金融资产的收益率和波动率是金融资产投资和风险管理等应用中的重要决定因素。针对收益率的新息过程与波动率的新息过程之间可能存在相关性的实际情况,将已实现波动区分为连续波动和跳跃波动,对收益率、连续波动和跳跃波动联合建模并刻画各时间序列模型新息之间的相关性,给出联合模型的最大似然估计法,使用2005年4月8日至2011年5月23日沪深300指数5分钟高频数据进行实证。研究结果表明,收益率、连续波动和跳跃波动的新息之间存在统计显著的相关性,对各时间序列单独建模估计的传统方法存在本质缺陷,沪深300指数已实现波动的杠杆效应及周日效应主要来自连续波动分量。联合模型通过对新息之间相关关系的合理刻画,提高了参数估计的有效性。     

Configuration and Coordination at Subsidiary Level: Foreign Manufacturing Affiliates in the UK

This paper develops Porter's (1986) well-known configuration/coordination paradigm for strategy at corporate level into a model that may be applied to identify and evaluate strategy at subsidiary level. Four strategy types are identified: detached subsidiary (corresponding to Porter's export-based corporate strategy), autarchic subsidiary (corresponding to the country-centred corporate strategy), confederate strategy (corresponding to high foreign investment with extensive coordination), and the strategic auxiliary (purest global strategy). Empirical data were obtained from a postal survey of 500 randomly chosen foreign manufacturing affiliates in the UK, of which 171 responded. The proposed strategy types were identified using cluster analysis and verified using analysis of variance. The four subsidiary strategy types were found to be separated by a number of operational variables including market scope, flows of material inputs and outputs, the nature of manufacturing technology employed and the degree of R&D complexity. The proposed framework was thus found to be useful and robust.     

资产存量估计的资产函数模型

本文运用动态经济评价的数学方法,建立了反映资产存量变化一般规律的资产函数模型,为资产存量估计、资产评估、折旧模式研究、更新改造决策等领域提供了一种规范的基础性工具。     

Assets of Foreignness: A Theoretical Integration and Agenda for Future Research

International business scholars are increasingly focusing on the unique advantages of being foreign, or assets of foreignness (AOFs). Although scholars have identified a broad range of AOFs, it is unclear why they exist. In this paper, we bring together extant yet disparate literature and integrate insights from the institution-based view, resource-based theory, and transaction cost economics to advance theory of the underlying sources and workings of AOFs. In doing so, we elucidate the conceptual underpinnings of AOFs as well as their relation to multinational enterprise (MNE) success, complementing scholarship regarding the liability of foreignness. Critically, we also distinguish AOFs from related concepts, such as ownership advantages, explaining how and why they differ conceptually. We put forth several testable propositions that stem from our synthesis of theory in this research stream, bolstering the conceptual foundations of the drivers, dynamics, and longevity of AOFs. Finally, we draw attention to under-researched aspects of AOFs, thereby propelling a theory-based agenda for future research on AOFs and, consequently, MNE success.     

在有效前沿上集中投资回报的分配

基于均值-方差模型对在有效前沿上集中投资回报提出一个既能增加单个投资者的期望回报,又能减少风险的分配方式,而且此种分配使得投资经理可获得正的期望回报。     

A Note on Decoding of Superimposed Codes

A superimposed code with general distance D can be used to construct a non-adaptive pooling design. It can then be used to identify a few unknown positives from a large set of items by associating naturally an outcome vector u. A simple method for decoding the outcome vector u is given whenever there are at most errors occuring in the outcome vector u. Moreover, another simple method of detecting whether there is any error occuring in the outcome vector u is also given whenever there are at most D – 1 errors in u. Our method is a generalization of the classical result of Kautz and Singleton (Nonadaptive binary superimposed codes, IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol. 10, pp. 363–377, 1964).