包头市城市化动力机制研究

从空间方向的角度对城市化动力机制进行综合的分类,将其划分为垂直与水平方向的城市化动力机制;根据不同时期的人口城市化率以及宏观背景,将包头市城市化过程划分为城市化恢复阶段、城市化飞速发展阶段、城市化负增长阶段、城市化徘徊不前阶段、城市化过渡发展阶段和城市化全面发展阶段;指出包头市城市化动力机制存在着内生动力不足、政府职能错位、产业结构有待进一步提高、横向动力机制作用力度不够等缺陷;提出加强对多元化动力机制作用的认识、改进与优化城市化动力因子、巩固与发挥水平动力的作用、着力加强"自下而上"城市化动力机制的作用、抓机遇促发展等具体措施。     

基于心理学视阈下的大学生学习动力不足原因及对策分析

学习动力是指对在校大学生的学习起到指导、调节和强化作用的一种有效系统。当代中国的社会转型期是一个建立在经济转型基础上的整个社会结构深刻变革的时代,物质需要和精神需要都发生深刻嬗变。总体而言,社会转型期大学生的学习动力是充足且积极向上的,但还有部分大学生的学习动力存在不足,与其所处的社会角色和社会责任严重不符。本文试图通过分析当代大学生学习动力不足的现状,进一步探讨大学生学习动力不足的原因和应对对策,以推动大学生学习动力问题研究向深层次发展。     

中国国家创新动力不足的体制机制探究

创新是驱动国家发展的动力。近几年,中国在整体上创新动力不足,从国家层面来看,科技论文数量庞大,但是质量还有待提高;专利方面,外观、实用新型专利等比较多,而发明技术专利少;高端创新和实用创新差距拉大,创新对经济增长贡献比率比较低。从企业层面来看,企业主业荒芜,对研发创新投入不足。从个人层面来看,热衷于炒作赚快钱,对创新创业不热心。这主要是由于当前我们的产业政策的错误引导、对知识产权保护力度不够、创新评价上还有偏差、垄断和社会服务系统不完善等造成的,因此,我们要加快生产方式的转变、加快产业政策的完善和调整,加强知识产权的保护、强化政府对创新的支持、破除垄断,促进创新动力的提升。     

社会建设与全面建成小康社会

社会建设不仅是中国特色社会主义五大建设的组成部分,同时也是推动全面建成小康社会和新一波改革发展的重要动力。在社会建设的平台上发力推动五大建设的协调进步,才能够更好地建设中国特色社会主义。当前,我国社会建设面临四大挑战:物质财富迅速增长而社会领域进步不足、社会结构分化扩大而社会利益协调不足、社会力量日益成长而社会动力运用不足和社会空间日益扩展而社会管理支撑不足。因此,社会建设改革应从四个方向做出突破:增强民生福利和实现科学发展、协调社会利益和实现社会整合、维护社会运行和激发社会活力以及创新社会管理和完善治理结构。     

论需要和利益的动力作用

从马克思主义的社会动力理论来看,认识社会发展动力大致可以从两个角度来探讨:一个角度是探讨推动社会历史活动的主体——人进行社会活动的动力是什么;另一个角度是探讨依不以人的意志为转移的客观规律而运动的社会客体发展的动力是什么。马克思主义的社会动力理论表明,需要、利益是促使人们从事社会活动的具体动因,基于利益冲突的阶级斗争是阶级社会发展的直接动力,而社会经济活动,即生产力和生产关系的矛盾运动是社会发     

我国内需不足的社会人口学分析

对于我国内需不足成因的探讨 ,虽能从凯恩斯的“有效需求不足”论中受到启发 ,但必须植根于中国的现实 ,毕竟我国有着完全不同的背景。从社会人口学视角来看 ,社会的制度、结构因素以及人口状况的影响是根本性的。     

论竞争与合作

当代社会竞争有效、有序的运作需要合作 ;竞争的充分进行蕴育着合作的条件 ;竞争的内在动力———发展要求着合作 ;竞争反思后的对策———合作 ;现代信息社会为合作提供了最广阔的社会背景。现代社会健康的运作应遵循四大原则 :贡献原则、成效原则、设计切实远景原则和营建适宜环境原则     

市民社会与中国社会福利体制的构建

从中国社会发展的进程看,市民社会在中国总体上是缺位的.改革开放以来,市民社会在中国的发育与中国社会福利体制改革近乎是同步进行的.在市民社会发育不足的背景下,中国社会福利制度改革有两种错误倾向:一是从社会福利的责任主体看,社会化过度而国家化不足;二是从社会福利服务的发展看,社会化(市场化)不足而国家化过度.     

当前我国马克思主义意识形态面临的挑战

在新的历史条件下,马克思主义正受到内外部错综复杂因素的合力的冲击,出现信仰危机和被边缘化的趋势.从它生存的外部环境看,马克思主义面临着时代主题转换和全球化发展所带来的根本性挑战;从它依存的社会基础看,马克思主义面临着经济转轨和社会转型等社会阵痛所带来的根本性影响;从它发展的内在动力看,马克思主义意识形态的传播受到理论研究和宣传手段有效性不足的根本性制约.     

统筹城乡发展背景下我国农地保护机制的完善思路

文章分析了统筹城乡发展背景下我国农地保护面临的机遇和挑战,指出了现有农地保护机制在动力不足、机制设计不合理、激励不到位和监督制度不健全上的缺陷。然后,从拓宽农地保护主体、形成农地保护的网络,营造农地保护的动力与激励机制,改变当前土地管理上的制度设计和加大监督与惩罚的力度上来完善农地保护机制。     

Who is the better applicant? Effects from gender, academic record, and type of decision

This experiment recreates several features of the selection of candidates for junior professional positions. The situation of central interest involves an assessor (either male or female) and a pair consisting of a male and a female applicant with either equivalent or slightly different academic records. We also investigate effects from quality of record (either excellent or poor) and type of decision (namely, choice between applicants, and ratings of competence and suitability). Our hypotheses consider both gender as social status and as social identity, and predict different outcomes depending on decision type. In line with those predictions, findings show that, at both levels of performance, the question about competence elicited effects only from the two applicants’ relative academic standing, while the choice and suitability measures show effects from that standing as well as from sex category of applicant and of assessor. Results and their interpretation are presented and discussed in detail.     

世纪之交的高师物理实验教学初探

本文从大、中学物理实验教学的现状出发，对大学物理实验教学在培养适应多样化需要的跨世纪人才中，应怎样优化和改革各教学环节作了初步探索。     

Preference effects on friendship choice: Evidence from an online field experiment

Observed friendship choices are constrained by social structures and thus problematic indicators for underlying personal preferences. In this paper, we report on a study demonstrating the causal effects of preference in friendship choice based on an online field experiment. Specifically, we tested two important forces that govern friendship choices: preference for shared group identity (operationalized as the desire to befriend others sharing the same place-of-origin identity) and preference for high status (operationalized as the desire to befriend others from high-status institutions). Using an online field experiment in one of the largest social network service websites in China, we investigated the causal preference effects of these two forces free from structural constraints. The results of our study confirm the preference effects on friendship choice in both of the two dimensions we tested.     

研究性学习在病理学课堂教学中的探索

研究性学习可以有效地培养学生的创新精神和探究能力。病理学课堂教学运用研究性学习方法讲授《充血》的实验结果表明,与对照班相比,实验班学生在知识意义建构、基本技能、应用能力、学习态度、学习和创新能力、交流合作、组织管理和社会责任心方面较强。此外,还对实施研究性学习应注意的问题进行了探讨。     

中国组合式普惠型社会福利制度的构建

社会福利有两对重要的理念类型:补缺型和制度型;选择型和普惠型。前者以社会福利的政府责任为划分原则,后者以社会福利提供方式为划分原则。中国社会福利不是简单地从补缺型转型到普惠型,而是应形成新的组合式普惠型社会福利,即普惠型福利为主,选择型福利为辅,适度普惠。组合式普惠型社会福利制度的构建是以社会需要为目标定位原则,国家是社会福利提供责任的主要承担者,其他多元部门也担负着社会福利提供的次要责任,政府、市场、家庭、社区连接成为层次有别、功能互补、相互支持、互为补充的满足社会成员福利需要、体现中国传统文化价值与现代福利观念的社会福利体系。社会成员既拥有接受社会福利的公民权利,同时也承担帮助他人的社会责任和义务。普惠型社会福利是中国社会福利制度之重大转型,应当分需要、分目标、分人群、分阶段逐步构建起组合式普惠型社会福利制度。     

Assessing the effect of social desirability on nativism attitude responses

Attempts to measure and analyze public opinion attitudes toward racial/ethnic minorities often confront the “social desirability” problem: those who have prejudiced attitudes are rarely willing to admit them to surveyors. Instead, they may be more likely to give a socially acceptable answer rather an accurate reflection of their views. Previous research has clearly established that this effect presents a challenge for accurately measuring self-reported racial and policy attitudes that primarily affect African–Americans. It is less clear, however, how it might affect self-reported responses to attitudes dealing with Latinos and immigration. This study thus seeks to analyze the extent to which social desirability may affect survey measures of perceived levels of cultural threat (nativism). Results from two separate analyses using the Crowne–Marlowe “social desirability scale” and a survey “list experiment” demonstrate that social desirability is indeed a concern for accurately measuring nativism in the American public, but that it exerts an opposite effect from what has previously been observed: nativist attitudes tend to be over-reported in opinion surveys.     

An experimental investigation into perceptions of disrespect during interpersonal conflict

Perceptions of disrespect are central to everyday life. Despite the importance of disrespect across various social arenas, prior research has failed to empirically examine the factors influencing these perceptions. This problem is magnified when considering that perceptions or disrespect may vary across individuals and social situations alike. Drawing from theories of social geometry and symbolic interaction, this study examines the individual and situational characteristics that inform perceptions of disrespect. Using factorial vignettes, and a large sample of students, respondents were asked to assess actors in various conflicts. Results from a series of hierarchical linear models show that perceptions of disrespect vary across individuals. The content of situations appears to drive perceptions of disrespect more than individual characteristics. Implications for future research on disrespect are discussed.     

电工学实验课的层次化教学

针对传统电工学实验教学中存在的问题,提出实施基本实验、综合设计性实验和开放创新实验等三个层次实验教学的新模式,对进一步完善电工学实验教学具有一定的参考价值。     

Does Islam play a role in anti-immigrant sentiment? An experimental approach

Are Muslim immigrants subjected to targeted opposition (i.e., Islamophobia) on their pathway to US citizenship? Using a list experiment and a representative sample of the US population, we compare explicit and implicit opposition to Muslim and Christian immigrants. We find that Muslim immigrants, relative to Christian immigrants, experience greater explicit resistance. However, when social desirability bias is taken into account via the list experiment, we find that opposition to Christian and Muslim immigrants is the same. The explanation is that respondents conceal a significant amount of opposition to Christian immigrants. Muslim immigrants, on the other hand, are afforded no such protection. We find that religiosity or denomination do not play a significant role in determining implicit or explicit opposition. We conclude that Islamophobia, which is only explicitly expressed, is best understood as reflective of social desirability bias from which Muslim immigrants do not benefit.     

分光光度法测定罗丹明B的实验设计

设计了一个分光光度法教学实验“分光光度法测定罗丹明B”,采用电脑处理实验数据,对所设计的实验的可行性及教学效果进行了探讨.