火力发电厂企业集成体系结构的研究

在电力市场的竞争压力面前,火力发电厂对管理变革以及支持这样的变革的信息化支撑环境表现出迫切需求。本文以提升火力发电厂综合竞争力为出发点,分析了火力发电厂管理变革的特征,研究了支撑火力发电厂管理变革的企业集成的体系结构。     

信息系统的体系结构研究

本文以面向对象的观点,讨论了建立信息系统体系结构的必要性和目标,对信息系统的对象抽象结构、信息结构和应用结构进行了分析,提出了建立信息系统结构的有关问题的初步设想。     

企业信息系统业务构件建模研究

本文从企业应用出发,探讨了企业信息系统业务构件建模的具体过程;介绍了信息系统常用的分层体系结构;指出了表示层构件、数据服务层构件相对较成熟而业务构件变化较大的特点;介绍了业务构件的主要特点;给出了业务构件的建模方案,并用该方案建立了一个企业信息系统的业务构件模型。实践表明,该方案能够有效提高企业信息系统的开发效率。     

国民经济动员管理信息系统体系结构研究

实现国民经济动员管理信息化是国家"十五"期间信息化建设的主要目标之一,本文分析了我国国民经济动员管理的特点、信息需求、当前的信息化现状以及存在的问题,针对国民经济动员管理的复杂性、资源的分散性、环境突变性等特点,研究了实现信息共享、互操作和系统重构的途径,提出一个信息系统体系结构框架和技术参考模型.     

需求驱动的自适应体系结构的知识体系研究

本文研究了信息系统的需求驱动自适应体系结构(RDAA)的知识体系.应用组织符号学的语义分析和规范分析方法来获取业务领域知识以及社会、组织和运作规范.为RDAA创建的一系列标准语言与WEB本体语言(OWL)共同来描述与处理知识,并保持系统的语义一致性.     

现代物流基地管理信息系统体系结构的探讨

随着现代物流理论的兴起,以物流基地来推动现代物流产业的发展已经成为国内外各国政府的共识。近年来,北京、上海、深圳、浙江等地纷纷加快了物流基地的建设步伐,而作为现代物流的重要支撑——现代物流信息技术,无疑将在其中扮演着极其重要的角色。笔者在明晰物流基地内涵的基础上,提出了现代物流基地管理信息系统体系结构的一种框架模型。     

面向制造业ERP的企业建模框架研究

针对制造业ERP敏捷化、网络化及柔性等特点,从制造业生产类型、先进制造模式、供应链管理及业务流程重组角度分析了对企业模型的需求.对现有的企业建模框架进行了详细的对比分析,在此基础上,结合集成化企业建模和DEM的思想,设计了面向制造业ERP的企业建模框架,并对其中的视图维、生命周期维、通用层次维以及它们之间的关系进行了详细设计,同时分析了各个维度模型演进的过程,为实现柔性ERP的设计开发及实施奠定基础.     

基于GIS技术的企业信息化系统研究

企业信息化系统集成了OA、ERP、CRM、DSS等模块,通过GIS的空间数据和地理位置信息服务,能够更好地发挥系统的功能,提高系统的效率。本文分析了企业信息化系统与GIS融合的可行性,设计了基于GIS技术的企业信息化系统的体系结构和网络结构,探讨了系统的功能,并对性能进行了研究。     

工作流管理系统的体系结构研究

目前对于WFMS体系结构的研究主要集中在具体的应用上,尚不存在一种完全通用的WFMS体系结构。虽然工作流管理联盟为此制定了标准,但它所关注的仅仅是抽象的顶层结构,并没有涉及到底层模块的详细设计。本文采用自上而下的分层设计策略,提出了一种完备的通用WFMS体系结构。我们把WFMS分解为三个主要部分:设计模块、服务器模块和客户端模块,并分别对三者进行了详细论述。除此之外,为解决分布异构环境中的系统功能扩展问题,我们还设计了扩展模块;为克服工作流客户端的不断移动所产生的消极影响,我们使WFMS与其他平台之间的接口实现了标准化,从而保证了WFMS具有很好的灵活性和可扩展性。     

基于业务与财务视角的企业IT预算编制方略

本文详细解构了基于IT服务管理理念的IT业务要素、IT运作方式,以及对IT资源配置的驱动,然后结合财务视角进行深入分析,试图搭建一个IT预算编制框架,以指导IT预算编制.     

基于企业属性的IT价值多维度研究

目前,业界对于IT为企业所带来的战略价值持有两种观点,一种观点认为,IT已经成为基础设施,是企业的一种纯技术工具,将不再为企业带来竞争优势,企业对于IT只需进行风险管理；另一种观点则认为IT仍然具有战略价值,对于提升企业竞争力仍具有推动作用。本文从组织管理的角度审视IT价值,结合企业特定的内部条件和外部环境探讨了IT带给企业的差异性,从行业、规模、组织结构、管理流程以及企业文化五个企业属性维度分析了IT对企业具有的不同战略价值,认为IT仍然是企业未来发展和提升竞争力的核心动力之一。     

The workflow system and its applications

Recent information technological advances have led to the workflow system that provides an effective technical solution for productivity improvement and business process reengineering. Workflow is a network of activities, also commonly known as a business process, defined for a specific business objective. The fundamental principle of workflow technology is the separation of business process from (software) applications and data. This implies a flexible, adaptable system that can support dynamic business changes. This flexibility, however, is not built upon complexity. Instead, the system should be easily modified for a new business environment. On the other hand, a good workflow system facilitates individual tasks, and collectively the entire business process by providing accurate inputs (data, forms tools) and effective routing control. Workflow technology has a wide range of applications and, when appropriately implemented, can increase productivity, reduce operating costs, improve response to customer requests and shorten the business process cycle. A great opportunity for a company is in evidence to advance its competition edge to a new level through implementation of workflow technology in the next few years. This paper discusses workflow environments, system components, architecture, integrated applications for external program execution, and future trends.     

试析企业再造的前提条件——兼论信息产业演进

企业再造现已成为企业进行改革的主要理论依据之一,其重点是重新整合被分割得支离破碎的业务流程.企业再造具有根本性、彻底性和显著性的特点,以顾客至上、以人为本和彻底改造为指导思想,其核心领域是企业的业务流程.本文通过分析业务流程组成要素相互之间的作用方式,看出信息联系对企业再造具有十分重要的影响作用,进而得出企业再造得以顺利开展的两个前提条件,一是成立企业信息管理部门,二是信息产业化发展.随着企业再造运动的不断深入,信息产业应有更快的发展与之相适应.     

中国企业信息化中的关键因素

本文研究了对我国企业信息化产生影响的若干因素.在前期工作的基础上,通过对我国169家企业的调研,利用因素研究和聚类分析等方法将中国企业信息化中的影响因素归纳为五大类,讨论了他们的形成原因,并对关键因素随时间变化的情况进行了一些探讨.最后对不同行业的关键因素做了分析.本研究旨在对中国企业信息化的理论与实践提供参考.     

Rationality in Strategic Information Technology Decisions: The Impact of Shared Domain Knowledge and IT Unit Structure*

Rationality is a fundamental concept to several models of IT planning and implementation. Though the importance of following rational processes in making strategic IT decisions is well acknowledged, there is not much understanding on why discrepancies occur in the IT decision‐making process and what factors affect rationality. Drawing upon structural and resource‐based perspectives of strategy, this study examines the influence of shared domain knowledge and IT unit structure on rationality in strategic IT decisions. Data were gathered from 223 senior IT executives using a survey to examine the relationships among the research constructs. The results suggest a positive impact of shared domain knowledge and formalization of IT unit structure on rationality in strategic IT decisions. Further, a highly centralized IT unit structure was found to negatively influence shared domain knowledge. On the other hand, formalization of IT structure positively influenced shared domain knowledge. The implications of the findings for research and practice are presented.     

An Empirical Test of the Strategic-Grid Model of Information Systems Planning*

Contingency models of information systems planning predict that no single planning approach will suit all organizations' needs. Little empirical research has been undertaken, however, to evaluate this prediction. Accordingly, we used McFarlan, McKenney, and Pyburn's (1983) strategic-grid model to study the information systems planning problems encountered by 49 governmental agencies. Twenty-seven agencies were required to follow a planning approach best suited to organizations that had a high level of dependence on both their existing and proposed systems. We predicted that agencies not having these characteristics would encounter the most problems with the approach. The remaining 22 agencies could choose their own planning approach. We studied this latter group to determine whether the problems encountered by the first group could be attributed to the mandated approach. Overall, the empirical results obtained were equivocal. Some results indicated that more planning problems were encountered by agencies in which the mandated approach was not appropriate to their position in the strategic grid. Other results were not supportive of this proposition. More work needs to be undertaken, therefore, to evaluate the predictive and explanatory power of contingency models of information systems planning. In addition, our research indicates a need to develop more rigorous theories of information systems planning behaviors, to improve the instruments needed to measure these behaviors, to explore the relationship between information systems planning behaviours and organizational effectiveness, to investigate how organizational learning impacts planning behaviors, and to determine the types of information systems planning problems that diffuse through organizations and those that remain localized.     

建立与企业战略相适应的IT战略的路径和方法研究——对UPS和FedEx的战略匹配案例研究

IT技术的广泛应用引起了众多行业戏剧性的变化,企业管理人员越来越发现IT已成为组织的一个战略性要素,如何建立与企业战略相适应的IT战略也成为实业界和学术界讨论的热点问题。本文结合Henderson与Venkatraman提出的战略匹配模型,通过研究UPS与FedEx公司在不同竞争阶段应用相应的IT战略来支持竞争的整个发展过程,指出了UPS和FedEx在不同的环境下运用不同的战略匹配模型来选择与企业战略相匹配的IT战略的途径,从而提出了在不同的竞争环境下,根据企业关注的焦点不同,选择不同的IT战略与企业战略相适应的方法,这一方法将有助于指导企业管理人员制定与企业战略相匹配的IT战略。     

An Examination of IT Planning in a Large,Diversified Public Organization*

The conduct of information technology (IT) planning processes has been of dominant managerial concern in public and private organizations. Yet, current IT planning research offers little guidance on the types of planning actions and behaviors that are appropriate to organizational contexts. We focus on the conduct of the IT planning process by describing an exploratory research project. The project empirically examined a number of issues associated with managing IT planning within a single large public enterprise, particularly identifying actions and behaviors related to producing quality IT plans. The results of the study yield some useful set of guidelines; most interesting is the importance of building IT infrastructure based on IT sophistication and innovativeness for large agencies to improve plan quality. Other recommendations include having a focused, balanced technology and business planning orientation that incorporates a strategic outlook, support of top management, attention to business planning, and early consensus among planning members.     

中、韩企业投资税收扶持制度的比较

企业投资左右着一个国家经济的成长。现在,韩国企业的国内投资明显减少已成为迫在眉睫的问题。本文将以影响企业(设备)投资的各种因素中的税收和税收扶持制度为中心进行研究。本文认为,虽然税收和税收扶持制度不是企业在决定投资地点时的重要因素,但分析在日趋白热化的东北亚地区的竞争中,韩国和中国的税收和税收扶持制度在投资时所起的作用却也不无意义。