大一学生学业自我效能感、学习动机及两者关系

学业自我效能感是影响学生学习的一个重要的因素。本研究采用《大学生学业自我效能感量表》和《大学生学习动机量表》对280名大一新生学生进行调查,并对调查结果进行统计分析,目的是为了了解大一新生学习自我效能感和学习动机的特点,并且进一步探讨自我效能感与学习动机的关系,进而更好的指导学生适应在大学阶段的学习。     

运用团体心理辅导,提升职业自我效能感

职业自我效能感构成大学生就业的一个不可忽视的内在因素.本文以班杜拉职业自我效能感基本理论为基础,分析职业自我效能感的可塑性,主张以团体心理辅导这一有效途径,建立成功经验、杰出榜样、积极言语、良好情绪等信息,提升职业自我效能感.     

大学生自我效能感与社会适应的关系

笔者通过实证的方法,研究浙江理工大学的学生自我效能感与社会适应的整体水平及两者的相关性,并结合调查结果,基于自我效能感理论,对促进大学生社会适应提出了科学可行的方案,以期为关注并了解大学生社会适应性提供借鉴。     

应届生创业相关问题的研究

创业对于经济发展具有重要的作用,近年来,创业研究成为多学科交叉的热点领域。创造自我效能感和创业意向是创业行为中非常重要的影响要素。本研究主要探讨应届生创造自我效能感的结构与影响因素,探究创造自我效能感,创业意向对创业绩效的作用过程机制以及三者之间的关系。重点在于创造自我效能感与创业意向的关系。本研究的结论一方面可以为创业教育和政府工作带来新的思路,另一方面为大学生创造自我效能感的培养提供了建议并为其创业提供积极的指导。     

大学生职业决策自我效能感调查研究

采用龙立荣教授编撰的"大学生职业决策自我效能感量表",对福建师范大学生命科学学院2010~2015级大学生进行测试,数据分析表明,年级、性别和工作经验对大学生职业决策自我效能感有显著影响,总体上看,大学生在自我评价、信息收集、选择目标、制定规划和问题解决等5个维度的变化呈现一致趋势,即:大一学生的各维度得分较高,大二学生相对大一学生明显下降,大三学生、大四学生和工作后的学生呈稳步上升趋势,但各维度具有时间特异性。     

企业知识员工心理资本维度构建与测量

在实地调查的基础上,通过探索性因子分析和验证性因子分析建构并验证了我国企业知识员工心理资本的内容结构,认为其具有二阶四因素结构,包含任务型心理资本(积极情感、坚韧性)、关系型心理资本(情绪智力、感恩)、学习型心理资本(学习效能感、知识共享意愿)、创新型心理资本(创新自我效能感、模糊容忍度)四个维度。实证结果显示,知识员工心理资本量表具有良好的信度和效度,可以应用于组织对知识员工进行心理资本的干预和开发管理。     

大学生孤独感及其与社交焦虑的关系研究

采用量表法以195名大学生为被试研究大学生孤独感及其与社交焦虑的关系。结果表明:17%的大学生有较严重的孤独感,来自乡村的大学生得分高于城镇大学生,女生高于男生,独生子女高于非独生子女,但文理科差异不明显。孤独感得分与社交焦虑得分呈显著正相关。     

社交平台下大学生信息规避行为影响因素及对策研究

随着互联网技术的快速发展、社交平台使用人数的增加及信息的爆发式增长,社交平台成为人与人之间沟通交流和获取信息的主要渠道。同时,社交平台上也出现了信息质量参差不齐、信息过载等问题。社交平台管理者关注的重心是如何让用户快速准确地获取所需的信息。文章以大学生为研究对象,结合大学生在信息交互中范围广泛、方式多样和联系紧密的特点,分析大学生信息规避行为的影响因素,从信息处理与优化的角度出发,为社交平台提出参考策略。     

社交网络对大学生行为和思想的影响及对策研究

本文概述了社交网络的来源和特点,说明了社交网络之所以得到大学生青睐的原因,研究了大学生在社交网络中的行为特点,分析了社交网络对大学生行为和思想造成的积极和消极两方面影响,最后提出规范社交网络对大学生行为和思想影响的对策。     

大学生创业风险决策的心理机制

笔者采用随机整群抽样的方法,对236名大学生进行问卷调查,进行目标定向、自我效能感、成就动机、大学生创业风险决策的关系研究,探寻大学生创业风险决策的心理机制,以指导大学生的创业决策。结果表明,目标定向、成就动机、自我效能感更能感知创业过程中出现的机会,而忽视风险威胁。这三者的差异对最终的决策结果也会产生重要的影响。     

整体环境和个体关联对群体性事件产生与演化的影响

对群体性事件产生与演化规律的研究已经成为社会管理的重要主题,而发展迅速的计算社会学方法为深入研究这一问题提供了新的途径。在已有研究的基础上,通过考察群体性事件的部分案例,可以发现个体对政府的信任程度、个体利益诉求渠道和社会普遍情绪这些内生性因素构成了群体性事件发生的整体环境要素,这些内生性因素的存在和组合达到一定水平,就构成了群体性事件发生的重要条件,而在这些宏观条件下,个体之间通过社会网络产生的关联和相互作用对群体事件的产生与演化也有重要影响。通过基于社会网络的计算社会学模型的模拟检验,本文对群体性事件的产生与演化进行了计算分析,讨论了整体环境和个体关联的各要素的作用,获得了部分内生性因素在其他条件既定时引发群体性事件的临界值。研究工作为进一步研究群体性事件的演化与形成机制提供了必要的模型基础。     

Pathways to social value and social change: An integrative review of the social entrepreneurship literature

Social entrepreneurship has emerged as an important means of addressing grand challenges. Although research on the topic has accelerated, scholars have yet to articulate an overarching framework that links the different pathways taken by social entrepreneurs with the positive effects of these efforts. To address this shortcoming, we conducted a systematic literature review which enabled us to conceptually differentiate between social value and social change as distinct outcomes of social entrepreneurship and identify seven pathways for achieving these outcomes. Building on our analysis, we outline a research agenda for questions pertaining to: the dynamics between social value and social change; how contextual factors and social entrepreneurs influence various pathways; design principles of business models and innovations that facilitate social value and social change; and defining, measuring, and ensuring accountability for social value and social change.     

A Social‐Cognitive Model of Pandemic Influenza H1N1 Risk Perception and Recommended Behaviors in Italy

The outbreak of the pandemic influenza H1N1 2009 (swine flu) between March and April 2009 challenged the health services around the world. Indeed, misconceptions and worries have led the public to refuse to comply with precautionary measures. Moreover, there have been limited efforts to develop models incorporating cognitive, social‐contextual, and affective factors as predictors of compliance with recommended behaviors. The aim of this study was to apply a social‐cognitive model of risk perception and individual response to pandemic influenza H1N1 in a representative sample of Italian population. A sample of 1,010 Italians of at least 18 years of age took part in a telephone survey. The survey included measures of perceived preparedness of institutions, family members and friends’ levels of worry, exposure to media campaigns (social‐contextual factors), perceived coping efficacy, likelihood of infection, perceived seriousness, personal impact, and severity of illness (cognitive evaluations), affective response and compliance with recommended behaviors. Results demonstrated that affective response fully mediated the relationship between cognitive evaluations and social‐contextual factors (with the exception of exposure to media campaigns) and compliance with recommended behaviors. Perceived coping efficacy and preparedness of institutions were not related to compliance with recommended behaviors.     

生产投入、政府激励与企业生产规模决策

在同时面临外生性和内生性因素影响的需求不确定环境下,通过建立生产投入、政府激励和企业生产规模的决策模型,在研究企业生产投入的价值表达式的基础上,分析了生产投入、政府激励与企业生产规模决策之间的作用机理,对临界值方程、最优生产规模和最优政府激励作了分析.并通过模拟赋值对数理模型进行了数值分析.研究表明:1)灵活的企业可依据市场需求的变化,参考资本化未来生产规模、政府激励现金流、放弃期权价值和需求变化期权价值等对生产规模进行最优化调整;2)当企业单位时间收益流满足一定水平时,存在最优生产规模方程和最优政府激励方程及其相应的阈值方程;3)生产投入、政府激励及企业生产规模之间联系密切,灵活的企业可据此对生产进行动态调整.此外,还与外生性模型作比较验证了该模型的适应性等.由此,可作为需求不确定环境下加强企业生产规模决策的一种参考.     

Adoption of Individual Flood Damage Mitigation Measures in New York City: An Extension of Protection Motivation Theory

This study offers insights into factors of influence on the implementation of flood damage mitigation measures by more than 1,000 homeowners who live in flood‐prone areas in New York City. Our theoretical basis for explaining flood preparedness decisions is protection motivation theory, which we extend using a variety of other variables that can have an important influence on individual decision making under risk, such as risk attitudes, time preferences, social norms, trust, and local flood risk management policies. Our results in relation to our main hypothesis are as follows. Individuals who live in high flood risk zones take more flood‐proofing measures in their home than individuals in low‐risk zones, which suggests the former group has a high threat appraisal. With regard to coping appraisal variables, we find that a high response efficacy and a high self‐efficacy play an important role in taking flood damage mitigation measures, while perceived response cost does not. In addition, a variety of behavioral characteristics influence individual decisions to flood‐proof homes, such as risk attitudes, time preferences, and private values of being well prepared for flooding. Investments in elevating one's home are mainly influenced by building code regulations and are negatively related with expectations of receiving federal disaster relief. We discuss a variety of policy recommendations to improve individual flood preparedness decisions, including incentives for risk reduction through flood insurance, and communication campaigns focused on coping appraisals and informing people about flood risk they face over long time horizons.     

Social forecasting: An integral part of corporate planning?

The increasing need for business to monitor the social dimensions of its environment and, hopefully make some forecasts of future trends has met with some constructive response from academics and consultants although not as yet on a very liberal scale. The published literature does not indicate to what extent companies in general attemp social forecasting and, where they do, the degree of integration which exists within their corporate planning systems. The authors, therefore, decided to survey a sample of British organizations to see if they could shed some light on these issues and thereby add some information to the excellent accounts of individual cases of social forecasting in, they suspect, the more advanced and atypical companies. The survey suggests a general picture of: awareness of the value of social forecasting; fairly widespread ignorance of the techniques which do exist, primitive though these may largely be; successful integration of social forecasting into the corporate planning systems of a substantial number of organizations but not in the majority.     

The Role of Interorganizational and Organizational Factors on the Decision Mode for Adoption of Interorganizational Systems*

The dramatic growth of interorganizational systems (IOS) has changed the way organizations conduct their business, and has resulted in significant tangible and intangible benefits being realized by participating firms. However, the implementation of these IOS requires the cooperation and commitment of all the participating members. These members may have complex economic and business relationships among themselves that can result in a number of social, political, and economic factors influencing the adoption and implementation of IOS. This study examines the role of interorganizational and organizational factors on the decision mode for adoption of IOS, in the specific context of electronic data interchange (EDI). Four interorganizational factors, based on the socio-political framework derived from research in marketing, and five organizational factors based on research in IS were used in the study. The data for the study were collected through a large scale field survey. Two respondents, the sales/purchase manager and the IS manager, from 201 firms responded to the survey. The results of discriminant analysis of the data reveal that two interorganizational variables, competitive pressure and exercised power, and two organizational variables, internal need and top management support, are important variables to differentiate firms with proactive decision mode from firms with reactive decision mode. The study also evaluates the differences between proactive and reactive firms on three implementation outcomes. Proactive firms are found to have greater extent of adaptation, more external connectivity with trading partners, and better integration of EDI information in their internal IS applications.     

An Integrated Text Analytic Framework for Product Defect Discovery

The recent surge in the usage of social media has created an enormous amount of user‐generated content (UGC). While there are streams of research that seek to mine UGC, these research studies seldom tackle analysis of this textual content from a quality management perspective. In this study, we synthesize existing research studies on text mining and propose an integrated text analytic framework for product defect discovery. The framework effectively leverages rich social media content and quantifies the text using various automatically extracted signal cues. These extracted signal cues can then be used as modeling inputs for product defect discovery. We showcase the usefulness of the framework by performing product defect discovery using UGC in both the automotive and the consumer electronics domains. We use principal component analysis and logistic regression to produce a multivariate explanatory analysis relating defects to quantitative measures derived from text. For our samples, we find that a selection of distinctive terms, product features, and semantic factors are strong indicators of defects, whereas stylistic, social, and sentiment features are not. For high sales volume products, we demonstrate that significant corporate value is derivable from a reduction in defect discovery time and consequently defective product units in circulation.     

基于复杂网络的电动汽车充电桩众筹市场信用风险建模与分析

因其经济优势及环境友好特性,电动汽车（EV）保有量持续攀升。而当前中国充电设施建设明显滞后于电动汽车的扩张速度,成为制约电动车发展潜力的主要瓶颈。由于充电设施具有高正外部性,同时投资回收期较长,难以吸引到传统融资,而基于互联网的众筹作为新型融资方式则受到了广泛关注。但由于缺乏强制性的信息披露制度及相关法律法规,众筹融资过程中的信息不对称问题相较传统融资方式更为严重,由此导致的高违约率也进一步削弱了投资者信心。本文利用复杂网络对电动汽车充电桩众筹融资市场进行建模,刻画了众筹投资者决策过程中的羊群效应,基于信息不对称使用多Agent模型对信用风险的产生、影响及针对性政策效果进行了模拟分析。结果表明,众筹投资者在决策过程中易受到社交网络中负面信息的影响,使得筹资人违约行为的不利影响进一步扩散。而严格的罚款机制可以在不影响融资市场均衡的情况下,使违约行为的恶性循环得到遏制。     

技术赋能、用户规模与共享经济社会福利

以Airbnb和Uber为代表的共享经济业态已成为学术界关注热点，但当前研究侧重于商业模式，而忽视了凸显其"普惠"本质的社会福利分析。基于共享经济市场结构演进的三个典型阶段，本文构建理论模型刻画了技术赋能、用户规模与社会福利之间的内在关系。研究发现：在起步阶段，市场处于局部垄断状态，此时共享经济社会福利存在损失，且福利水平主要取决于技术赋能；在发展阶段，各个共享经济平台的市场范围产生重叠，平台企业间扩张用户规模的竞争将提升社会福利；在成熟阶段，平台间并购而形成"竞争性垄断"市场结构，此时社会福利可能再次得到提升。进一步的模型分析揭示了其内在机理：技术赋能对社会福利具有"替代"和"挖掘"的双重效应，而用户规模则对社会福利产生了"正负"两方面的外部性影响。本文为共享经济的平台战略和政府规制提供了有益指导。