大股东控制下的资本投资与利益攫取研究

基于资本投资形成控制权收益的理论阐释,结合我国上市公司大股东攫取控制权收益的自利动机和市场风险分析,本文以2001-2005年沪深两市A股市场发生了非流通股交易的公司作为考察对象,从固定资产投资和股权投资两个方面对大股东的控制权收益攫取进行了实证研究,并进行了稳健性检验.研究发现,大股东不仅通过资本投资形成了控制权收益,而且资本投资规模越高,增加等量资本投资所攫取的控制权收益越低;尽管通过股权投资攫取控制权收益的隐秘性较高、成本较低,但由于增加了控制链的代理层级,控制性股东的收益占有程度也较低;大股东的自利性资本投资行为不仅挤占了中小投资者的共享利益,而且形成了从增加资本投资、形成更高控制权收益到损害企业价值的传导机制.根据经验结论,本文提出了相应的政策建议.     

股票市价、所有权特征与公司投资行为研究——基于股权融资依赖视角

基于行为公司财务理论,构建了股票误定价通过股权融资渠道影响企业投资行为的理论模型.在模型阐释和制度背景分析的基础上,在不同的股权融资依赖度和所有权控制特征下,对股票市价与公司投资行为进行了实证研究.结果表明:股权融资的依赖程度越大,企业投资水平对股票市价的敏感性越高;在相同的股权融资依赖度下,地方政府所辖上市公司的投资规模对股票市价的敏感性大于民营产权控制和中央企业控制的上市公司;股票市价对企业投资行为的影响因不同的所有权控制特征和治理效率而存在差异;监管机构加强对融资需求的评估与公共治理的强化,是抑制地方上市公司股权融资资金配置自利动机的有效途径.     

控制权私利下的企业资本配置决策研究

基于企业内部资本配置的理论阐释,以固定资产和长期股权的组合投资为研究对象,构建出有无大股东控制下的企业资本配置模型,理论分析控制权私有收益对企业资本配置决策的影响.研究结果表明:大股东的控制权私利行为是导致企业偏离最优资本配置决策的一个重要原因,偏离程度随现金流权与控制权分离度的增大呈非线性变化.该变化趋势主要由固定资产投资收益率和长期股权投资收益率的大小决定.     

资本投资控制权的私有利益攫取研究:评述与探析

控制权结构对企业投资行为的影响作为治理结构影响财务决策的重要方面,随着治理机制中不同利益主体代理冲突的演化而被不断赋予新的研究内涵。基于股权分散和集中两种公司治理模式,本文首先在理论上阐释了企业实际控制人通过资本投资攫取控制权私利的实质;然后,从实际控制人利益动机、控制权结构和资本投向三个方面系统评述了资本投资的控制权私利攫取机制和特征;在此基础上,结合我国上市公司的股权设置特征和控制权配置格局,探析了不同类型的控股股东通过资本投资攫取控制权私利的动机、能力和实现条件;最后,从资本投向之间的挤占、资本投资的结构异化和控制权结构的设置等方面指出了未来该领域的研究趋势及其对我国上市公司的启示。     

政府干预、资本投向与结构效率

基于不同投资形态对经济、社会与政治目标的贡献差异,研究了政府干预下的资本投向选择效应,及其导致的投资结构异化对总体效率的影响.研究发现,(1)地方政府有动机干预国企增加固定资产、股权并购和垄断资产投资,削减技术资产投资.(2)在政府干预程度较大的地区,国资委直属企业的固定资产投资规模和增速最大;企业集团所属企业的股权投...     

终极控制、资本投向与配置绩效

基于终极股东自利动机与资本投向选择差异的理论阐释,实证考察了终极控制下的资本投向结构分布及其对总体投资绩效的影响.研究发现:1)终极股东的现金流权越低,越有增加固定资产、无形资产和股权并购的资本投入,以及削减R&D投资的动机;2)随着现金流权的降低,地方企业集团的固定资产投资规模和增速增大,地方资产公司的股权投资增长趋势更为强劲,这与两类地方国有终极股东的运营模式和谋利能力密切相关;3)由于获取特许和垄断性使用权的难度较大,民营终极股东自利动机对无形资产投资的影响不显著;4)终极股东自利动机下的投资选择,不仅降低了整体的资本配置绩效,而且导致投资结构的异化.上述研究结论,对于从产权角度来理解中国经济高速增长背后的微观投资的非效率成因具有重要意义,也为进一步改善技术创新投资的产权激励机制提供了理论依据.     

股权制衡、终极所有权性质与上市企业非效率投资

本文采用基于海洋博弈的shapley指数,对我国上市公司第一大股东的实际控制度与股权制衡度进行了测度,在此基础上.运用门槛面板模型研究了股权制衡度、终极所有权性质与上市公司非效率投资行为的关系.结果表明:第一大股东对上市公司的实际控制度与上市公司的非效率投资行为表现为一种非线性关系;股权制衡能够抑制大股东利益主导下的过度投资行为,但过度的股权制衡会带来投资不足的问题;不同终极所有权性质对上市公司资源配置行为和股权制衡效果影响显著:相对于中央直属上市公司,地方政府控制的上市公司表现出强烈的过度投资倾向,且利益趋同效应在地方政府所属上市公司比较微弱,而中央直属和省级政府所属上市公司的股权制衡效果相对较差.     

基于管理防御视角的中国上市公司股权融资偏好

我国上市公司存在较为强烈的股权融资偏好,理论界一般将其归因于股权融资资本成本低、大股东控制权收益、有缺陷的监管制度和低效率的资本市场等。本文认为,这些因素不能完全解释我国上市公司股权融资偏好,在当前公司内外部治理失效,对管理者监管弱化的背景下,管理防御行为应是上市公司股权融资偏好的重要解释因素。     

我国上市公司固定资产投资规模财务影响因素研究

固定资产投资对宏观经济增长和微观企业发展意义重大,研究我国上市公司投资规模影响因素具有现实意义.通过对经典投资理论和实证研究成果的回顾,提出影响我国上市公司投资规模的因素,并结合上市公司数据实证检验了这些因素.研究结论显示,经典投资理论对上市公司确定投资规模具有适用性,上市公司投资规模主要取决于面临的投资机会、内部现金流和负债程度,不同行业、不同规模公司的投资规模确定还有自身特点.     

代理冲突、公司治理因素的激励约束效应与资本配置效率

以发生控制权转移的非金融类上市公司为研究样本,检验了公司治理因素的激励-约束效应在控制权私有收益影响资本配置效率过程中的治理效果,发现公司治理的约束机制能显著抑制控制权私有收益引起的非效率资本配置,激励机制对过度投资有显著的缓解作用,但对投资不足的抑制作用不明显。     

EC merger control

Today's business papers are rife with news about mergers, take-overs, joint ventures and other kinds of business concentrations. An important, but often overlooked, part of such concentrations is the approval by the competition authorities. In the European Community the more significant concentrations must be cleared by the European Commission. Even though the Commission is considered to be sympathetic towards concentrations, the task of notifying and the difficulties which may arise can be considerable. This article by Morten Broberg provides an examination of the pitfalls which such notification presents, and it points out ways in which these pitfalls are best handled by management.     

Total production control

The new requirements for enterprise flexibility, quality improvement, costs and throughput limes reduction cannot be achieved by using traditional approaches. While US and European industry developed the grand CIM, FMS, CAD/CAM and MRP II projects, Japan introduced just-in-time and lean production, not to demonstrate the possibilities of the new technology but to expose operational inefficiencies and waste in the manufacturing process. The main CIM effort was in the flexibility and productivity improvement, bin its implementation stressed above all the technical aspects of the factory integration and the most flexible production factor, people, remained in the background. The new technology must be implemented into the organizational framework that uses and develops the skills, knowledge and creativity of the human resources. People in the production process need a new kind of decision support in the rapidly changing business environment. A new concept, total production control (TPC), that is a reaction to the present manufacturing problems will be presented. TPC integrates many methods and tools for production system analysis and improvement, production system design and production planning and control. This concept emphasizes a preventive aspect of the problem solution in the production process and supports a production manager at the three time views: past (archive and statistical database); present (shopfloor data capture and production progress monitoring); and future (simulation and modelling tools).     

An investigation of output flow control,bottleneck flow control and dynamic flow control mechanisms in various simple lines scenarios

Flow control mechanisms have been a topic of academic research for several years. With the growth of business-wide information systems such as enterprise resource planning and supply chain, better planning, scheduling and control of the business transformation process is required in order to achieve increased throughput, reduced inventories, shorter lead times and reduced tardiness. This research compares two new approaches to flow control, output flow control and bottleneck flow control to a real-time flow control system, dynamic flow control. Both output and bottleneck flow control mechanisms are much simpler to implement and manage than dynamic flow control in that they do not require continual feedback and rescheduling. Line characteristics, such as location of breakdowns with respect to the bottleneck, the location of the bottleneck when breakdowns occur, and the impact of variability of processing times on the performance measures (output, WIP level, lateness, and number of tardy jobs) for these three flow control mechanisms are compared. Both output and bottleneck flow control mechanisms perform favourably (particularly bottleneck) under different scenarios and warrant further study across a wider range of scenarios (mixed models, job shops, etc.).     

Adaptive agent-based manufacturing control and its application to flow shop routing control

The manufacturing industry is currently facing unprecedented challenges from changes and disturbances. The sources of these changes and disturbances are of different scope and magnitude. They can be of a commercial nature, or linked to fast product development and design, or purely operational (e.g. rush order, machine breakdown, material shortage etc.). In order to meet these requirements it is increasingly important that a production operation be flexible and is able to adapt to new and more suitable ways of operating. This paper focuses on a new strategy for enabling manufacturing control systems to adapt to changing conditions both in terms of product variation and production system upgrades. The approach proposed is based on two key concepts: (1) An autonomous and distributed approach to manufacturing control based on multi-agent methods in which so called operational agents represent the key physical and logical elements in the production environment to be controlled – for example, products and machines and the control strategies that drive them and (2) An adaptation mechanism based around the evolutionary concept of replicator dynamics which updates the behaviour of newly formed operational agents based on historical performance records in order to be better suited to the production environment. An application of this approach for route selection of similar products in manufacturing flow shops is developed and is illustrated in this paper using an example based on the control of an automobile paint shop.     

Corporate control and underinvestment

This paper reports a study of how the benefits that large shareholders derive from their control of a firm affect the equity issue and investment decisions of the firm. I introduce an explicit agency cost structure based on the benefits of control of the largest shareholder. In a simple extension of the model developed by Myers and Majluf (J Financial Econ 13:187–221, 1984), I show that underinvestment is aggravated when there are benefits of being in control and these benefits are diluted if equity is issued to finance an investment project. Using a large panel of US data, I find that the concerns of large shareholders about the dilution of ownership and control cause firms to issue less equity and to invest less than would otherwise be the case. I also find that it makes no significant difference whether new shares are issued to old shareholders or new shareholders.     

The benefit of receding horizon control: Near-optimal policies for stochastic inventory control

In this paper we address the single-item, single-stocking point, non-stationary stochastic lot-sizing problem under backorder costs. It is well known that the (s, S) policy provides the optimal control for such inventory systems. However the computational difficulties and the nervousness inherent in (s, S) paved the way for the development of various near-optimal inventory control policies. We provide a systematic comparison of these policies and present their expected cost performances. We further show that when these policies are used in a receding horizon framework the cost performances improve considerably and differences among policies become insignificant.     

Production planning and control tools

There are numerous tools available to be used for production planning and control purposes. The number of tools is ever increasing, and so are the levels of sophistication as well as complexity. For the specific manufacturing firm, the task of selecting the most appropriate set of tools is not trivial. However, in recent years, the understanding of the relationship between tools and manufacturing environments for which they are suitable has increased. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of production planning and control tools available today, as well as new trends, issues and ideas.     

Action learning and control theory

The essay is a kind of ‘product mix’ of two separate concepts, manifestly quite different but found ultimately to blend into a common message. The author found management literature over the past two decades somewhat difficult to assimilate, due perhaps to an engineering training where problems are always simplified into tangible models and laws. Control theory (or cybernetics), however, seemed to offer a way out of the difficulty, especially as psychologists were using control theory to take them beyond the range of the ‘conditioned reflex’, and the author was encouraged to try out cybernetic ideas in terms of human problems in management and industry. The development of ‘action learning’ as a pragmatic yet sophisticated technique has provided a challenge for the cybernetic model. It is thought that many readers, particularly those with an engineering or scientific background, might find this exposition in social cybernetics helpful in getting a comprehensive grasp of action learning.