《古兰经》注释学研究

自公元622年以来,历代穆斯林学者秉承经训的创制(Al-’ijtihad)原则与精神,构建了阿拉伯—伊斯兰文化及其学术体系。《古兰经》注释学(‘ilmal-tafsir)则是该体系中仅次于圣训学而成的最早学科。《古兰经》涵盖的多学科性质,决定了注释学既是独立学科,也是交叉学科。注释学的立论、界定、要求、方法均为注释《古兰经》确立了明确的注释理论和严格的学术规范,使历代注释家据注释学原理解读了《古兰经》基本要义,并彰显其集教义与文化为一体的经典价值和社会作用,从而使亘古不变的《古兰经》始因注释的变化而使阿拉伯—伊斯兰文化生生不息,绵延不绝。     

《古兰经》注释及其文化内涵与现实意义

《古兰经》自问世以来就以宗教性(超越性)与社会性(世俗性)的二元一体结构确立了“认一论”信仰体系,改变了阿拉伯社会,催生了阿拉伯伊斯兰帝国,也使阿拉伯-伊斯兰文化体系得以诞生。但作为纲领性经典的《古兰经》并没有就所涉及的广博的内容逐一展开论述,只是以点带面地概而言之。因此,只有对其进行全方位注释,才能进一步彰显其文化内涵、社会价值及现实意义,从而深度解读伊斯兰教与阿拉伯-伊斯兰文化。《古兰经》注释也就成为阐发伊斯兰教义、研习和具体运用《古兰经》的必然举措。     

《古兰经》注释学发展史研究

自伊斯兰教先知穆罕默德注释《古兰经》起，《古兰经》注释便逐渐发展成为伊斯兰文化体系中举足轻重的传统学科——主释学（‘ilma1-tafsir）。注释学历经两大时期形成并完善：口耳相传时期——枞先知穆罕默德时期到再传弟子时期；文字记载时期——始于阿拔斯王朝早期，结束期不得而知。注释学的发展以及涌现出的大量学术成果，彰显出历代穆斯林阐释《古兰经》微言大义的学术动态，反映了伊斯兰文化学术的纵深发展。     

《古兰经》注释学发展史研究

自伊斯兰教先知穆罕默德注释<古兰经>起,<古兰经>注释便逐渐发展成为伊斯兰文化体系中举足轻重的传统学科--注释学('ilm al-tafsir).注释学历经两大时期形成并完善:口耳相传时期--从先知穆罕默德时期到再传弟子时期;文字记载时期--始于阿拔斯王朝早期,结束期不得而知.注释学的发展以及涌现出的大量学术成果,彰显出历代穆斯林阐释<古兰经>微言大义的学术动态,反映了伊斯兰文化学术的纵深发展.     

《古兰经》注释及其文化内涵与现实意义

<古兰经>自问世以来就以宗教性(超越性)与社会性(世俗性)的二元一体结构确立了"认-论"信仰体系,改变了阿拉伯社会,催生了阿拉伯伊斯兰帝国,也使阿拉伯-伊斯兰文化体系得以诞生.但作为纲领性经典的<古兰经>并没有就所涉及的广博的内容逐一展开论述,只是以点带面地概而言之.因此,只有对其进行全方位注释,才能进一步彰显其文化内涵、社会价值及现实意义,从而深度解读伊斯兰教与阿拉伯-伊斯兰文化.<古兰经>注释也就成为阐发伊斯兰教义、研习和具体运用<古兰经>的必然举措.     

泰伯里及其《历代民族与帝王史》

泰伯里是阿拉伯-伊斯兰文化史上著名的《古兰经》注释家、圣训学家、伊斯兰教法学家、历史学家。一生涉猎广泛,著作等身。其代表作之一《历代民族与帝王史》(TARIKHALUMAMUWALMULUK)是阿拉伯-伊斯兰文化史上第一部编年体通史,记载了上自人类起源、下迄作者著此书的历史发展轨迹,其史学价值堪与我国《资治通鉴》等同,堪称阿拉伯史学上承前启后的丰碑巨著,也是研究伊斯兰史、古代东方民族史乃至世界通史的杰作。     

古兰学与经注学关系研究

古兰学(‘Ulūmal-qur’ān)是研究《古兰经》的基础学科,也是伊斯兰文化体系的传统学科。尽管古兰学是一门独立学科,但它因以《古兰经》为研究对象而具有多学科交叉特点,并由此产生了若干分支学科,经注学(‘ilmal-tafsir)则是其中最重要的主干学科。古兰学与经注学在学科原理和认知经文层面的共性关系,既有助于人们了解和理解《古兰经》的文体经义,也为伊斯兰文化发展提供不可或缺的思想资源。     

论《古兰经》的哲学注释

《古兰经》是伊斯兰教的根本经典,也是伊斯兰文化体系诸多学科的理论渊源。从发生学来讲,《古兰经》中关于世界、人类、宇宙、因果等哲学命题的经文,催生了伊斯兰哲学。穆斯林哲学家根据经训教义,注释《古兰经》中具有哲学命题的经文的同时,亦借鉴它文化的哲学元素对其进行注释,构成了《古兰经》哲学注释的整体图景。     

论《古兰经》的哲学注释

《古兰经》是伊斯兰教的根本经典,也是伊斯兰文化体系诸多学科的理论渊源。从发生学来讲,《古兰经》中关于世界、人类、宇宙、因果等哲学命题的经文,催生了伊斯兰哲学。穆斯林哲学家根据经训教义,注释《古兰经》中具有哲学命题的经文的同时,亦借鉴它文化的哲学元素对其进行注释,构成了《古兰经》哲学注释的整体图景。     

泰伯里及其《历代民族与帝王史》

泰伯里是阿拉伯-伊斯兰文化史上著名的<古兰经>注释家、圣训学家、伊斯兰教法学家、历史学家.一生涉猎广泛,著作等身.其代表作之一<历代民族与帝王史>(Tarikh al umamu wal muluk)是阿拉伯-伊斯兰文化史上第一部编年体通史,记载了上自人类起源、下迄作者著此书的历史发展轨迹,其史学价值堪与我国<资治通鉴>等同,堪称阿拉伯史学上承前启后的丰碑巨著,也是研究伊斯兰史、古代东方民族史乃至世界通史的杰作.     

Politique et expertise scientifique. La régulation européenne des médicaments

A study of the EU system for regulating medicinal products is used to show the usefulness of distinguishing between policy-making and scientific expertise when analyzing political decision-making. This approach presupposes identifying the characteristics of scientific expertise. The experts responsible for assessing drugs have to combine knowledge and action. Questions are raised about how work is shared between decision-makers and experts. In the case of medicinal products, the work of experts has absorbed decision-making. Lest we waver between explanations in terms either of science or else of politics, it is necessary to substantively identify expertise’s political dimensions. Two conceptions — the “healthy man’s” and the “sick man’s” — of the purpose of assessing medicinal products stand out in debates; but political authorities pay no heed to them.     

The electronic face of government in the internet age: borrowing from Murray Edelman

The issue of legitimation by political elites has been a central concern of political scientists for many years. This article draws upon the work of Murray Edelman who was instrumental in analysing this relationship between rulers and ruled, the relatively powerful and relatively powerless, through an understanding of language, symbolism and the manipulation of information. It concludes with the contention that the Internet offers the prospect for governments to create new 'electronic faces', which act to support a symbolic architecture of power.     

Wedding the dragon: The powerful feminine as seen in Jewish women’s dreams

Abstract

This article addresses the theological and liturgical problem of incorporating mythic traditions of the divine feminine into contemporary practice, given the typically essentialist nature of these traditions. The article considers the dream practice of a Jewish women’s learning community, the Kohenet Hebrew Priestess Institute, and applies this practice to several “dragon dreams” in which dragons appear as powerful, erotic, sacred figures that “queer” the divine feminine by offering a norm-upending vision of what the feminine is and does. These dragon dreams provide a powerful alternative to traditional Jewish images of the female dragon in which the dragon represents the demonic feminine. I suggest that dreams can offer a “queering” of mythic images of the sacred feminine because they contain images that have mythic depth but also upend norms and expectations. The article then explores how these dragon images have made their way into the liturgy and theology of the Kohenet Hebrew Priestess Institute.     

Un atelier d’écriture internationale : l’OCDE au travail. Éléments de sociologie de la forme « rapport »

The writing of a “transversal” report on employment at the OECD is examined by focusing not on the finished product but, instead, on the drafting of the report. This approach allows for exploring the dynamics of power at work inside the OECD. It opens toward broader considerations about how this type of international organization produces knowledge in economics and weaves relations, throughout the long process of drafting the report, with those who requested it. This article analyzes how economic issues are assembled through a succession of intermediate studies and reshaped through an asymmetrical competition between services. By making visible the process of constructing the position of “institutional author”, this analysis repositions on new grounds the problem of “influence”, which usually arises in organizations of this sort.     

WHAT IS THE MULTITUDE?

Nicholas Brown and Imre Szeman continue their conversation with Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri. (See ‘The Global Coliseum: On Empire’ in Cultural Studies, 16.2, (March 2002), p. 177–192). In this new interview they press the authors of Empire and Multitude on questions that have arisen both out of their own involvement with the theoretical issues generated by Empire and from new areas opened up by Multitude. Why is the multitude not a class? How can the unity of a political project be maintained in the multiplicity of the multitude? Is democracy still a project for the future? Can a political subject constitute itself outside the structure of sovereignty? In other words, what is the multitude?     

DEFINING MOMENTS: THE TENSION BETWEEN RICHNESS AND REACH

The defining moments of traditional spatially based higher education are made up of fixed and fluid experiences. These 'moments' are now creaking as funding per student falls and the romanticized ideal of an education detached from 'real' life falters under the weight of highly variable student experiences. Distance learning in all its guises has always been regarded as inferior by those embedded in the traditional system. However more and more students demand something different from costly campus-based education. It is time for a more open discussion about the tensions between richness and reach and the role that new facilities like the Internet could play in reaching more students without wallowing in the nostalgia that often accompanies such debates.     

A Stylistic Analysis of Hemingway’s A Clean,Well-Lighted Place

One important theme of Hemingway＇s A Clean, Well-Lighted Place is the nothingness of life itself, At the beginning of this short story, Hemingway presents a setting--the cafe, which is familiar to us, and then moves our attention to focus on the characters within that setting, The story is told through the dialogues between the two waiters and is in third-person narration, In the following paragraphs we will focus on stylistic characteristics of this short story,     

La contingence et le travail de conception. Définir,organiser, délibérer

The activity of a design office consists in producing plans for things that do not yet exist. If, through poor management, the designers fail to anticipate accurately what the product will be, work will be inappropriately allocated and divided. Given the uncertain nature of the activity and the outcome, designers are simultaneously involved in the process of producing technical solutions, a process of organisation — through constant reallocation of tasks — and a political process of ironing out disagreements — through the exploration of multiple heterogeneous possibilities.     

INFORMATION-CENTRED DESIGN: A methodology for designing virtual meeting DESIGN environments

Development of single-user computer applications has often been based on user-centred or task-centred design methodologies, with some success. These methodologies are also useful for guiding the development of multi-user CSCW applications whenever the basic characteristics of the users, or the type of tasks for which the system is being designed are identifiable. The effectiveness of these methodologies as a basis for the design of virtual meeting environments for supporting community-based activities, on the other hand, is rather limited. This is mainly due to the fact that for such systems it is not generally possible to identify the user or task requirements, as these vary considerably from one community to another, or even within the same community over a period of time. New methodologies need to be devised, or existing methodologies have to be modified, to direct the development of virtual environments for which the characteristics of the users or their activities are not known in advance. This paper introduces the concept of information-centred design. Information-centred design, though not fully devised yet, focuses on the identification of the type of information, as well as the way it is collected and utilized by the users of a virtual meeting environment. This pool of information, which plays an important role in facilitating interaction and communication between the members of a community, could be defined as their communal memory.     

L’adaptation des modèles de production dans les pays émergents L’exemple de l’industrie automobile en Argentine

How to test for the existence of a new model of production based on the firm lending an ear to customer demands and valuing the individual and collective intelligence of its work force? The facts for putting this model to the test of reality come from an analysis of two Argentinean automobile-makers, subsidiaries of Toyota and Volkswagen. Various aspects of their organization policy provide evidence of their capacity for making adaptations by “hybridizing” the parent firm’s model with the rationales inherent in the network of local actors (suppliers and labor unions, in particular). These firms are open systems with a narrow margin of maneuver. — Special issue: Latin America.