三元采购策略的影响因素研究

为了更好地获取和利用供应商网络中供应商资源与能力,制造企业需要通过采购活动主动地对供应商网络进行配置与管理,由此三元采购策略成为学术界讨论的热点问题。在文献分析的基础上,本文从制造企业、组织间关系和供应商3个层面提取了三元采购策略的影响因素,并引入采购绩效来评价三元采购策略的效果。本文通过在全国不同地区调查收集的365份样本,实证研究了影响因素、三元采购策略与采购绩效间的作用关系。研究发现,采购管理技能、采购地位、高管支持、封闭式治理机制、目标一致性、制造企业与供应商间相互信任、供应商间相似性、供应商能力以及供应商意愿正向影响制造企业三元采购策略;三元采购策略对采购绩效也有显著正向影响。同时,影响因素中采购管理技能、供应商能力和采购地位还直接作用于制造企业的采购绩效。     

三元采策略的影响因素研究

为了更好地获取和利用供应商网络中供应商资源与能力,制造企业需要通过采购活动主动地对供应商网络进行配置与管理,由此三元采购策略成为学术界讨论的热点问题.在文献分析的基础上,本文从制造企业、组织间关系和供应商3个层面提取了三元采购策略的影响因素,并引入采购绩效来评价三元采购策略的效果.本文通过在全国不同地区调查收集的365份样本,实证研究了影响因素、三元采购策略与采购绩效间的作用关系.研究发现,采购管理技能、采购地位、高管支持、封闭式治理机制、目标一致性、制造企业与供应商间相互信任、供应商间相似性、供应商能力以及供应商意愿正向影响制造企业三元采购策略;三元采购策略对采购绩效也有显著正向影响.同时,影响因素中采购管理技能、供应商能力和采购地位还直接作用于制造企业的采购绩效.     

职工激励、工资与企业绩效

本文运用经验研究的方法,以本人经手相关人力资源管理中的经验,研究职工激励,发现职工工资存在分布结构的不均句现象,少数高工资职工拉高了职工工资的平均数;职工工资存在向下的刚性和向上的刚性;工资刚性的存在影响了其对职工的激励效率;在工资具有弹性的样本中,工资增长与业绩增长显著正相关,工资增长对职工具有正向激励作用;在工资具有刚性的样本中,工资增长率与业绩增长率没有显著相关性,工资增长对职工激励作用减弱;相对于向下的弹性,向上的弹性对企业业绩的提高产生更积极的影响;相对于向上的刚性,向下的刚性对企业业绩的提高产生更消极的影响。所以,现在大多单位都以绩效论薪资,为最大发挥个人在团队中的主观能动性,为企业创造利润。     

人力资源管理对企业绩效影响的实证研究——组织学习视角的分析

本文从组织学习角度分析了人力资源管理对企业绩效的作用,并且检验了组织学习导向的人力资源管理实践与企业绩效之间的关系.对130家企业的数据分析表明,不同维度的人力资源管理实践与企业绩效之间存在显著的正相关关系,表明人力资源管理可以通过推动企业的组织学习而获得竞争优势.     

亲缘关系、创新能力与企业绩效

本文认为,CEO与控制性股东之间的亲缘关系会影响企业的创新能力,是解释家族企业治理效率的重要理论依据之一.通过构建有中介的调节变量模型,本文以2001-2005年沪深两市上市的家族企业为样本,实证检验了家族上市公司CEO与控制性股东之间的亲缘关系对企业绩效的影响,以及创新能力在此关系中的中介作用和股权结构的调节作用.结果显示:(1)家族上市公司CEO与控制性股东之间的亲缘关系与企业创新能力和企业绩效之间均存在显著的正相关关系;(2)创新能力与企业绩效之间存在显著的正相关关系,且创新能力在亲缘关系对企业绩效的影响路径中起部分中介作用;(3)股权结构形式对亲缘关系与创新能力和企业绩效之间的关系起显著的调节作用.即相对于直接持股式股权结构.金字塔式股权结构下亲缘关系对企业创新能力和企业绩效的影响更强.     

供应商供应网络位置与企业绩效：网络认知能力的作用

从供应商的供应网络视角考察企业如何管理和利用供应商的资源和能力。在简要梳理已有研究的基础上,探讨供应商供应网络位置对制造企业绩效不同维度（运作绩效和创新绩效）的影响,并研究制造企业网络认知能力的调节效应。通过问卷调查获取237个中国制造企业样本数据,应用多元层次回归分析方法进行实证检验。研究结果表明,占据优势网络位置的供应商对制造企业运作绩效和创新绩效的提升具有显著的推动作用,而网络认知能力加强了供应商供应网络位置与制造企业绩效之间的关系,即制造企业的网络认知能力越强,企业通过选择并利用具有优势网络位置的供应商所实现的运作绩效和创新绩效越大。最后对制造企业的供应商管理实践提出相关建议。     

高级管理层持股与公司经营业绩:理论、经验与实践

将高级管理层持股和企业业绩相联系是西方企业管理体现激励制约机制和解决代理问题的一种通行做法。西方对高级管理层持股与公司绩效关系的研究,揭示了这一关系呈现出从显著的正相关关系、非线形关系到目前的管理层持股内生性的发展。然而,我国就该问题的研究仍然主要集中在二者是否相关这样的基础问题上。本文为此对我国管理层持股与经营绩效的关系进行了理论和经验分析,认为管理层应适度持股以更好发挥持股的激励效应,但是强调应该尊重这种制度所具有的内生性特点。     

我国中小板上市企业股权激励与企业绩效的相关性研究

文章以在深市中小板上市并已实施股权激励的上市公司为样本,以2012年报数据为研究对象,用因子分析法将企业各项财务指标进行降维,求出代表企业综合财务能力的综合绩效,并构建回归模型,揭示上市企业实施股权激励对企业绩效的影响。研究表明:我国中小板上市企业股权激励与企业业绩间有显著的正相关线性关系。     

人力资源管理与企业绩效的相关性

在企业绩效管理中,一个重要的组成部分就是人力资源管理。国内不少研究者均对人力资源与企业绩效的关系进行了研究,从一个侧面反映出人力资源对于企业绩效的影响。文章结合相关理论文献,从人力资源管理影响企业绩效、人力资源管理对企业绩效影响的表现和人力资源与企业绩效之间的关系等方面对这一命题进行了探讨。     

企业环保导向、环保策略与绩效关系研究——来自武汉城市圈“两型社会”建设试验区的调查

在可持续发展理论、利他行为理论和企业环境管理的基础上,建立了企业环保导向、环保策略(行为)与企业绩效关系模型;运用层次回归分析法,检验武汉城市圈"两型社会"建设试验区内304家食品企业在嵌入"两型社会"的利他环保观念和环保行为后,对企业绩效产生的影响。结果表明,企业利己环保导向和利他环保导向并不矛盾,可以并存,且对企业绩效存在正相关关系,嵌入利他性的环保导向后,企业利己环保导向对企业绩效影响减弱;虽然企业环保行为仍然偏好产后污染治理("管末"策略),但利他环保导向却显著促进了企业基于环保的组织和战略创新("管前"策略)以及经营过程的环保策略("管中"策略)转变,并显著正向影响企业绩效。     

Multiproduct,Multicriteria Model for Supplier Selection with Product Life‐Cycle Considerations

In industrial purchasing contexts firms often procure a set of products from the same suppliers to benefit from economies of scale and scope. These products are often at different stages of their respective product life cycles (PLCs). Firms consider multiple criteria in purchasing such products, and the relative importance of these criteria varies depending on the PLC stage of a given product. Therefore, a firm should select suppliers and choose sourcing arrangements such that product requirements across multiple criteria are satisfied over time. The extant models in sourcing literature for evaluating and selecting suppliers for a portfolio of products have not considered this important and practical issue faced by firms. This article proposes a mathematical model that effectively addresses this issue and contributes to the sourcing literature by demonstrating an approach for optimally selecting suppliers and supplier bids given the relative importance of multiple criteria across multiple products over their PLC. The application of the model on a hypothetical data set illustrates the strategic and tactical significance of such considerations.     

How Co-operative is Co-operative Purchasing in Smaller Firms?: Evidence from UK Engineering SMEs

Most SMEs do not try to engage in co-operative purchasing arrangements, and even those that do don’t handle them very well. Examining a sample of SME engineering firms from the UK Midlands for signs of more advanced practice, the authors identify three types of behaviour: firms with deliberate strategies (where co-operative purchasing is a consciously-designed and long-term part of management policy); firms with close ties with their suppliers but which still operate fundamentally adversarial policies (where, despite some development of practice, defensive, short-term and ‘low-trust’ attitudes still predominate) and those whose strategies, maybe of long standing, ‘just happened’ and are described as still emergent. The article analyses these positions to yield lessons for managers, recognising that, as firms grow, emergent strategies will need replacing with something more codified.     

银行贷款、商业信用融资及我国上市公司的公司治理

本文讨论了银行贷款以及商业信用融资对我国上市公司公司治理的影响.通过对1995到2000年间上市公司CEO更换的研究,我们得到两个结论:第一,在经营业绩为负的公司中,银行贷款与强制性CEO更换存在负向关系,而商业信用融资与强制性CEO更换存在正向关系;第二,在盈利能力一般的公司中,商业信用融资与强制性CEO更换仍为正向关系,但银行贷款与强制性CEO更换却不存在明显的关系.以上结果表明,商业信用融资在CEO强制性更换中起到了积极的作用,改善了上市公司的公司治理,而银行贷款却没有起到相应的作用,甚至有负面的作用.     

Outsourcing Competition and Information Sharing with Asymmetrically Informed Suppliers

This paper studies an outsourcing problem where two service providers (suppliers) compete for the service contract from a client. The suppliers face uncertain cost for providing the service because they do not have perfect information about the client's type. The suppliers receive differential private signals about the client type and thus compete under asymmetric information. We first characterize the equilibrium of the supplier competition. Then we investigate two of the client's information sharing decisions. It is shown that less information asymmetry between the suppliers may dampen their competition. Therefore, the client does not necessarily have the incentive to reduce information asymmetry between the suppliers. We characterize the conditions under which leveling the informational ground is beneficial to the client. We also find that under the presence of information asymmetry (e.g., when the suppliers have different learning abilities), sharing more information with both suppliers may enhance the advantage of one supplier over the other and at the same time increase the upper bound of the suppliers' quotes in equilibrium. Consequently, the suppliers compete less aggressively and the client's payoff decreases in the amount of shared information. The findings from this study provide useful managerial implications on information management for outsourcing firms.     

Purchasing performance management systems: an empirical investigation

This article aims at further developing the purchasing performance management systems (PPMSs) body of knowledge, assuming the wider perspective of the adoption process rather than key performance indicators (KPIs) only. In particular, the research questions are focused on understanding what are the most adopted indicators, what are the key elements characterising the implementation process and what are the differences among different organisational levels and different purchasing categories. The literature provides a framework for classifying purchasing KPIs, identifying the implementation process and the PPMS architecture, thus supporting the empirical research protocol. Nine case studies of large multinationals belonging to different industries are conducted. Empirical evidence shows that companies are still adopting mainly an external perspective, by focusing on performance measurement efforts on suppliers. Widely adopted indicators mainly measure cost, time and quality. However, the purchasing department has acquired an important role within the organisation and new performance indicators have been created; flexibility, innovation and sustainability are becoming increasingly important.     

Green supply management and performance: a resource-based view

Abstract

This study develops and empirically tests, from the resource-based perspective, a conceptual framework linking green supply management and performance. The proposed model is tested using data from a sample of 126 automotive manufactures in China. The results suggest that both green purchasing personnel and green supplier selection have a significant positive effect on green supplier collaboration, and that building green collaboration with suppliers is significantly and positively related to both environmental and operational performance. Accordingly, knowledge and skill development of the purchasing function can be recognised as an important resource in building green supply capabilities and performance.     

THEORIES AND REALITIES OF QUANTITY DISCOUNTS: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY

This paper compares and contrasts the current state of the art in the theory of quantity discounts with a field study of 39 firms. We start by categorizing and tabulating the literature pertaining to quantity discounts, and by summarizing the various studies and models according to their perspectives, assumptions, and characteristics. Next we describe current trends in industry with respect to the reasons why firms offer quantity discounts, the characteristics of discount schedules, and the effect of quantity discounts on the extent of centralized purchasing, number of suppliers, and just-in-time delivery. Finally, we identify a number of fruitful directions for future research.     

The effect of supplier development on outsourcing performance: the mediating roles of opportunism and flexibility

Abstract

In this increasingly competitive business environment, firms utilise outsourcing as a strategic tool to leverage globally dispersed resources so that they may focus on their core competencies and improve efficiency. The more firms rely on outsourcing, the more they depend on their suppliers, and the more important it is to manage and develop suppliers in order to achieve and maximise the benefits of outsourcing. This paper explores the impact of supplier development on outsourcing performance. Structural equation modelling was used to analyse data collected from 213 manufacturing firms in China. The results indicate that supplier development has a strong direct positive impact on outsourcing performance, and that supplier development also leads to enhanced outsourcing performance through reducing outsourcing opportunism risk and improving outsourcing flexibility. In addition to making a contribution to current theories of outsourcing, our findings also provide outsourcing managers with practical understanding and insights about the role of supplier development in enhancing outsourcing performance.     

A structural analysis of greening the supplier,environmental performance and competitive advantage

A clear research need has been identified to confirm the structural relationships between greening the supplier, enhanced environmental performance and improved competitive advantage, to provide an impetus for firms to green their suppliers. A mail survey was conducted and empirical data of 119 ISO 14001 manufacturing firms in Malaysia was gathered for this study. Structural equation modelling technique was applied in this research article. Results from the analysis, reveal the existence of a positive and significant linkage between green suppliers with both environmental performance and competitive advantage. At the same time, environmental performance has also been shown to positively and significantly affect competitive advantage; while environmental performance plays a partial mediating role between greening the supplier and competitiveness. Such significant finding is especially essential for the manufacturing sector registered with ISO 14001 who intend to enhance their environmental performance and carve a niche competitive edge in the business arena.     

An integrated multiobjective decision making process for supplier selection and order allocation

Supplier selection is a multi-criteria problem which includes both tangible and intangible factors. In these problems if suppliers have capacity or other different constraints two problems will exist: which suppliers are the best and how much should be purchased from each selected supplier? In this paper an integrated approach of analytic network process (ANP) and multi-objective mixed integer linear programming (MOMILP) is proposed to consider both tangible and intangible factors in choosing the best suppliers and define the optimum quantities among selected suppliers to maximize the total value of purchasing and minimize the budget and defect rate. The priorities are calculated for each supplier by using ANP. Four different plastic molding firms working with a refrigerator plant are evaluated according to 14 criteria that are involved in the four clusters: benefits, opportunities, costs and risks (BOCR). Also the priorities of suppliers will be used as the parameters of the first objective function. This multi-objective real-life problem was solved by using ε$\epsilon$-constraint method and a reservation level driven Tchebycheff procedure. Finally, the most preferred nondominated solutions were determined by considering decision maker's (DM) preferences and the results obtained by these techniques are compared.