中国特色统筹解决人口问题道路的哲学诠释

2006年12月17日．中共中央国务院下发了《关于全面加强人口和计划生育工作统筹解决人口问题的决定》,明确提出要坚定不移走中国特色统筹解决人口问题的道路,标志着我国人口和计划生育工作进入稳定低生育水平、统筹解决人口问题、促进人的全面发展的新阶段。中国特色统筹解决人口问题的道路符合马克思主义哲学的世界观和方法论,是马克思主义哲学世界观和方法论在解决我国人口问题上的具体化。     

统筹解决人口问题进程中的城镇化道路研究——以“诸城模式”为例

在统筹解决人口问题、促进人口长期均衡发展的新时期,加快推进城镇化是统筹解决人口问题的重要途径,也是全面做好人口工作的重要载体。党的十七届五中全会提出,坚持走中国特色城镇化道路,积极稳妥推进城镇化。本文结合诸城市的实践,探讨统筹解决人口问题进程中的城镇化思路和对策。     

尊重科学规律 把握时代脉搏 努力探索中国特色统筹解决人口问题的道路

由中国人口学会和中国人民大学人口与发展研究中心联合举办的“第二届中国人口科学论坛——统筹解决人口问题全国学术研讨会”于2007年4月19日~20日在北京召开。这是继《中共中央国务院关于全面加强人口和计划生育工作统筹解决人口问题的决定》下发以来中国人口学界的一次盛会,也是展示新时期我国人口问题研究进展成果的汇报会。会议对促进学术交流,推动学科发展具有重要意义。国家人口计生委主任张维庆在大会开幕式上作了题为“尊重科学规律,把握时代脉搏,努力探索中国特色统筹解决人口问题的道路”的重要学术报告,报告就中央《决定》出台的背景和意义、坚定不移走中国特色统筹解决人口问题的道路、统筹解决人口问题的主要任务和不断繁荣和发展人口科学四个方面,进行了深刻的阐述。     

坚定不移走好中国特色统筹解决人口问题的道路

坚定不移走好中国特色统筹解决人口问题的道路,没有现成的经验可借鉴,必须解放思想,大胆改革,不断地探索和创新。统筹解决人口问题,前提在于创新工作理念,而这种工作理念必须与改革开放合拍,与群众根本利益紧扣。2003年,针对统筹解决人口问题的实际需要,吉林省长春市人口计生委提出了人性关爱、人情关爱、     

小知识--新时期统筹解决人口问题总体思路

当前和今后一个时期，统筹解决人口问题的总体思路概括起来就是“一二三四”。 坚持一条道路：即坚定不移走中国特色统筹解决人口问题的道路。     

变革中的抉择——无锡模式：“大人口机构统筹型”服务管理体制新探索

2006年,中共中央国务院《关于全面加强人口和计划生育工作统筹解决人口问题的决定》提出走中国特色统筹解决人口问题道路的历史命题。现实中的人口服务管理事关多方,目前统筹协调的体制尚处于探索之中,问题不少,难度不小。如何统筹解决人口服务管理与城市发展转型的问题,无锡的“人口机构统筹型”管理新体制提供了他山之鉴：以人口计生委为平台统筹队伍,共享信息,协调部门是合法,合理,合情的选择。本刊征得课题组同意,特将其调查报告刊登如下。     

实施“德政工程”为计生家庭谋幸福——专访贵州省贵阳市人口计生委党组书记、主任贺宏琼

近年来,贵州省贵阳市在统筹解决人口问题的过程中,以＂德政工程＂为载体,着力解决民生问题,在全面落实国家和省各项人口计生法定优惠政策的基础上,高起点、大力度加强奖扶政策体系建设,形成了集＂奖扶医帮优保＂为一体、具有贵阳特色的人口计生利导模式,真正使计生家庭在政治上有地位、经济上有实惠，赢得了广大群众的拥护，极大地提高了群众实行计划生育的自觉性、积极性。全市人口计生工作进入持续良好发展的新阶段。     

统筹解决人口问题 促进北疆内蒙古崛起——专访内蒙古自治区人口计生委主任王苏布道

《中共中央国务院关于全面加强人口和计划生育工作统筹解决人口问题的决定》下发后,内蒙古自治区人口计生系统积极行动。针对自治区人口和计划生育工作面临的形势、存在的问题,提出了一系列崭新的理念和工作思路,采取了一系列行之有效的措施和工作方法,正在积极探索一条具有内蒙特色的统筹解决人口问题的道路,将全自治区人口计生工作推向了一个新阶段。为了探究内蒙古自治区统筹解决人口问题的思路与做法、取得的成效和存在的困难,日前本刊记者随自治区人口计生委主任王苏布道深入内蒙古基层盟市。围绕这一议题进行了专访。     

规范人口计生标语口号提高标语口号宣传质量

为全面贯彻落实党的十七大精神和《中共中央国务院关于全面加强人口和计划生育工作统筹解决人口问题的决定》,进一步规范人口和计划生育标语口号,提高标语口号的宣传质量,使其在人口和计划生育工作进入稳定低生育水平、统筹解决人口问题、促进人的全面发展的新时期,     

推进统筹新局面 实现工作新跨越

人口计生部门深入贯彻落实党的十七大精神,走中国特色社会主义道路,集中到一点,就是要坚定不移走中国特色统筹解决人口问题的道路,要紧紧围绕全面建设小康社会、构建社会主义和谐社会的总体目标,继续稳定低生育水平,努力提高出生人口素质,加快建立完善人口计生工作新机制,进一步关注民生,着眼于促进人的全面发展,提高人口计生工作整体水平。     

吉林省统筹解决人口问题会议综述

为深入贯彻中共中央、国务院《关于全面加强人口和计划生育工作统筹解决人口问题的决定》,吉林省召开了"全省统筹解决人口问题会议",与会的有关领导、主办单位、相关部门和学术界从理论高度和实际工作出发,分析和探讨有关稳定低生育水平、统筹解决人口问题的一系列问题,目的是要准确把握《决定》的精髓,澄清理论误区,客观地分析当前的现状和工作中遇到的难题,对统筹解决人口问题提出具有普遍性和前瞻性的对策和建议。     

The Accuracy of Age-specific Population Estimates for Small Areas in Britain

Population estimates play an important role in the allocation of resources at many levels of government and commerce but little is known about the accuracy of age-specific population estimates. Such knowledge is crucial, as resource allocation is often targeted at populations of particular age, and decisions need to be based on the reliability of the estimates. This paper presents a multi-level statistical analysis of the accuracy of age-specific population estimates made for British local authorities in 1991. The aim of this work is to identify the factors that influence accuracy, and to investigate how these influences interact. Our analyses show that the following area characteristics are key factors: true population size; intercensal population change; and percentages of unemployed residents, armed forces residents, and students. In addition, we find that the overall type of method used to calculate estimates is important, and that its effect varies both with area characteristics and with age-group. Local census methods are found to be generally superior, but a low-cost apportionment method, if implemented well, may be as effective.     

国际大都市人口发展战略对中国的启示——以广州市为例

新加坡、伦敦、东京、纽约等国际大都市在其发展过程中,都遇到了人口急剧增长带来的各种社会问题。这些城市在应对人口发展引发的各种问题时,综合考虑了本国的产业转型、资源现状以及公共服务供给等多方面因素,依据各自的特点,制定了不同的人口发展战略。建设人才高地,适应产业调整;通过产业转移,引导人口迁移;充分利用资源,均衡人口分布;完善公共服务,支持人口发展;建设中心城区,保持适度人口是这些城市给中国大城市人口发展战略制定带来的启示。     

近代厦门人口变迁与城市现代化

本文通过对大量历史资料的分析,对近代厦门人口及其变迁做了较为全面的考察,指出近代厦门人口具有几个显著特征.同时也暴露出城市化中存在的一些问题,如性别比例偏高,失业率高,居民整体文化水平不高等等.此外,大量源源不断的海外移民的过境以及数量不小的台湾籍民也是厦门人口的一个突出特征.这些人口变化是和厦门城市近代化水平联系在一起的,在东南沿海城市人口变迁中具有一定的代表性.     

[A brief analysis of the characteristics of the urban population].]

Characteristics of China's urban population are described. These include high population density, significant levels of heterogeneity, and frequent mobility. The problems of having a large transient population in urban areas are considered. Comparisons are made with rural population characteristics.     

中国人口城市化对全面建设小康社会的意义

全面建设小康社会是党的十六大提出的新时代的奋斗目标,人口城市化则是实现全面小康的一个重要环节,对中国实现社会公平、提高经济效率、解决二元经济结构矛盾以及实现社会和谐发展等方面有着重要的意义。但是,中国目前的人口城市化进程中存在着同经济发展不同步、大城市发展缓慢等诸多问题。因此,必须优化经济结构,加快城市基础设施建设,坚持大、中、小城市和小城镇协调发展。     

Characteristics of age composition of China's population]

The age composition of Chinese population is analyzed via data collected in the 1982 census, which has been the basis for planning the social and economic life of 1 billion people. The census reflected complete population age composition, by birth, mortality and growth rates, from the time of the Liberation in 1949. The 10% sample, based on the national age composition, did not include the 4,240,000 people in military service which, as .42% of the total population, did not constitute a large differential. The population has grown rapidly since 1949. A few years before and after 1960, growth was reduced due to economic conditions, but the overall growth trend remained unchanged. The census showed that since 1970, growth has experienced a downturn, but the decrease was not related to the sudden drop before and after 1960. The census also showed China's population had changed from 1964's primarily young population to an adult population, but the process of population aging is only beginning, with a still relatively young population. China's population is not a stable one. This increase and decrease were greatly influenced by the changes in social and economic conditions. The disparity in age composition caused by these changes has created problems in social life, education, employment, marriage, housing, health, transportation, and cultural facilities. There are large differences in age composition between regions and ethnic groups. The decreases in birth and growth rate of the eastern coastal provinces were more rapid than those of the southwest and northwest regions. The age composition of minority nationalities is considerably younger than the Han people. Factors that influenced age composition characteristics included reduction of the neonatal mortality rate, the rises and falls of economic development, and the work in planned fertility.     

人口与经济:从历史到现实的认识

人口与经济问题是人类社会长期关注的问题之一 ,也是人口经济学最重要的研究内容。本文对自马尔萨斯人口理论建立以来的有代表性的人口经济理论进行了回顾 ,这些理论主要包括 :马尔萨斯人口论与悲观主义人口经济理论 ;长期停滞论和乐观主义人口经济理论 ;低水平均衡陷井论和临界最小努力命题 ;适度人口论与可持续发展理论 ;以及人力资本论与新增长理论。在此基础上 ,对人口经济理论演进的特点进行了总结 :研究内容与不同时代所面临的主要社会经济问题紧密相关 ;研究领域日益宽泛 ;研究视野从发达国家扩展到发展中国家乃至全球范围 ;研究方法和研究思路的进步与完善。     

The American Community Survey in counties with “seasonal” populations

The U.S. Census Bureau designed the American Community Survey (ACS) to provide annual estimates of social and economic characteristics for states, counties, municipalities, census tracts, and block groups. Because of its April 1 reference date, in northern nonmetropolitan counties with substantial seasonal population fluctuations the decennial census provides a statistical representation of the demographic and social characteristics of the population at a time when the population is close to its annual minimum. The year-round monthly ACS sample survey has the potential to provide local communities with an unprecedented understanding of the average population characteristics over the course of a year. In the future, the ACS even has the potential for providing social and economic characteristics of the population by season. This paper examines four ACS pilot data collection counties, Oneida and Vilas Counties in northern Wisconsin, and Lake and Flathead Counties in northwest Montana. We hypothesize that the ACS will reflect a resident population over the course of the year that is different from the traditional April 1 decennial census population. While the ACS holds much promise, our research uncovered some sampling problems that are not yet fully resolved. In addition, our analysis was not able to examine ACS estimates for minor civil divisions (MCDs), which are functioning governmental units in many states. The fact that these MCDs often have very small populations, together with the fact that estimated standard errors at the much larger census tract level in these counties are disconcertingly large, raises (currently unanswerable) questions concerning the eventual statistical quality of ACS estimates for small MCDs. Consequently, the adequacy of the ACS as a replacement for the census long form may depend on the ability of the Census Bureau to effectively address the concerns presented in this analysis.     

全国流动人口计划生育管理研究

本文根据全国及部分地方有关流动人口计划生育的调查和相关的现有资料 ,分析了中国流动人口的规模、影响人口流动的因素、流动人口的特点和计划生育工作存在的问题 ,并提出了今后加强流动人口计划生育工作的对策和建议。