Statistical materials

This is a summary of demographic statistics for the USSR and its constituent republics for the period 1959-1991. Tables include data on population size; rural and urban population; average annual population growth; population by age group; fertility; life expectancy at birth and at selected ages; infant mortality by cause of death, 1989; and mortality of the active population by cause of death, 1989.     

The demographic situation in rural areas

Demographic trends in rural areas of the former Soviet Union are analyzed over the 10-year period 1979-1989, using census data. Over the whole country, the rural population decreased by 1 percent, while the urban population increased by 15 percent, although significant differences existed between the European and Central Asian republics. Factors affecting the dynamics of rural populations are analyzed, including the undeveloped social and economic infrastructure in rural areas.     

The 1989 all-Union population census

Selected results from the 1989 Soviet census concerning the urban population are presented for the whole country and for individual republics.     

The nationality structure of the population of the USSR

The ethnic composition of the USSR is described using data from the 1979 census of population. Tables provide information for the country as a whole and for individual republics and autonomous districts on nationality, the number of people who speak Russian fluently, and those who consider Russian their native language.     

Statistical materials

Official population data for the USSR are presented for 1985 and 1986. Part 1 (pp. 65-72) contains data on capitals of union republics and cities with over one million inhabitants, including population estimates for 1986 and vital statistics for 1985. Part 2 (p. 72) presents population estimates by sex and union republic, 1986. Part 3 (pp. 73-6) presents data on population growth, including birth, death, and natural increase rates, 1984-1985; seasonal distribution of births and deaths; birth order; age-specific birth rates in urban and rural areas and by union republic; marriages; age at marriage; and divorces.     

All-union population census 1989

Data from the 1989 USSR census are provided on the number of males and females by republic and by rural or urban area, and also by age group and marital status for individual republics.     

Women in the USSR

This is a selection of statistical data on women in the USSR; it covers the period 1970-1989. Tabular data are provided on the number of women by Union republic; the number of women and men by age group and rural or urban area; women's educational levels, sources of income, and occupations; family size for the whole country and for rural and urban areas; women's marital status by age; marriages and divorces; divorce by women's education, age, and number of children; birth rate by Union republic and by nationality; abortion and childbirth for selected years and by Union republic; maternal deaths by Union republic; infant deaths; and female life expectancy.     

Statistical materials. Part 2: natural population increase in the USSR

Selected vital statistics for the USSR for 1984 are presented. Data are included on birth, death, and natural increase rates, 1983-1984; the distribution of births, deaths, and marriages by month; birth order; age-specific birth rates by rural and urban areas; age-specific birth rates by union republics; distribution of marriages by age and sex; distribution of married couples by age of husband and wife; and divorces by length of marriage and age of husband and wife.     

政府公共支出对居民消费需求影响的动态演化

 内容提要:本文从我国居民的消费特征出发,在诠释政府公共支出对居民消费影响的机理以及模型建立的理论基础上,利用时变参数模型来探寻二者之间关系的动态演化。研究表明：从总量上看,政府公共支出对全国、城镇和农村居民的消费都具有挤入效应,但是这一挤入效应呈现先上升后下降的“倒U字型”趋势。从结构上来看,投资性支出和民生性支出对全国居民消费产生了挤入效应,而消费性支出产生了挤出效应。具体到城乡之间,投资性支出对城镇居民消费产生挤入效应,而对农村居民消费经历了一个先挤入再挤出的过程;消费性支出对城镇居民消费产生挤出效应,对农村居民消费则经历了一个先挤出再挤入的过程;民生性支出对城乡居民的消费均始终具有挤入效应。     

Demographic policy in the light of the resolutions of the Twenty-sixth Congress of the Communist Party

The USSR is moving from extensive to intensive type of population reproduction, not because of any governmental measures but as a reaction to objective circumstances. At present there is a reduction in the population cohort of working age. This has an adverse effect on production. And the number of the elderly is increasing; we must involve them more in the production process, in monitoring the service sphere, for instance. The infant mortality rate has declined sharply in the USSR, especially since World War II. The birthrate has also dropped, but it is still higher than in the US, France, or West Germany. Some authorities think that this (the ZPG) is a good idea, but this author thinks it is a bad idea, meaning a drop in society's productive forces. We need an active demographic policy, meaning one which ensures optimal reproduction of the population with an improvement in its health, culture, and living standard. The policy must be differentiated, as conditions vary from one part of the country to another. An example is the 1981 decree on assistance to families with children which provides for payments of 35-50 rubles/month to mothers who must stay home to look after children. The number of children per family to ensure reproduction must be 2.6 on the average. In the Central Asian republics family sizes of 4-5 children are anticipated, but in the RSFSR, Ukraine, Belorussia, and the Baltic republics the anticipated size of families is rather low. Measures must be taken to alter this by providing assistance to families with children.     

From the archives of the State Committee on Statistics: results of the 1937 all-Union population census. USSR. Gosudarstvennyi Komitet SSSR po Statistike

Statistical data from the 1937 census of the USSR are presented. Topics covered include total population by sex for individual republics, autonomous republics, areas, krai, and oblasts; population of cities with more than 50,000 inhabitants; population by age and sex; and nationalities.     

Population projections for the USSR

Population projections for the Soviet Union are presented up to the year 2015. Separate figures are provided for rural and urban population by republic, and for the economically active population by rural and urban area and republic.     

Migration pattern in Bangladesh: a covariate-dependent Markov model

Internal migration is one of the major components of rapid and unplanned growth of towns and cities especially in the developing countries. This paper describes the transition pattern of internal out migration in Bangladesh and some sociodemographic factors influencing such migration in the country using a covariate-dependent Markov model. Four types of migration behavior namely, rural to rural, rural to urban, urban to rural and urban to urban are under consideration of this paper. Defining two discrete states, urban and rural, each of such transition can be characterized by a stochastic process; hence we use a two-state Markov chain for this purpose. We find that age, sex, division and reason of migration are significantly associated with internal migration in Bangladesh. The major findings include that any type of migration, rural to rural, rural to urban, urban to rural and urban to urban, mostly take place at the ages of 15–30 as well as at the ages of 0–15; females have higher odds than males to make a migration; Dhaka, Rajshahi and Chittagong divisions have remarkably higher migration rate as compared to Barisal and Sylhet division; and the professional reason is the main reason for rural to urban migration.     

中国人口因素对寿险需求影响的实证分析

应用双对数线性回归模型、岭回归模型对中国寿险需求进行实证分析。着重分析了人口因素对寿险需求的影响，在分析中引入了虚拟变量，并对多重共线性问题利用岭回归加以改善。研究表明：人口的城乡结构对中国寿险需求起着决定性的作用；城镇居民年人均可支配收入与寿险需求有显著的正相关性；少儿负担系数及银行实际利率与寿险需求有显著的负相关关系；受教育程度对寿险需求有显著的正面作用；而老年负担系数显示了对寿险需求正面的但不十分显著的影响。     

中国人口出生率下降与经济发展

中国人口出生率下降以及人口老龄化引起了人们对计划生育政策调整的激烈讨论。作者根据全国27个地区1980~2011年的面板数据,在横截面存在相关性的情形下,运用面板单位根和协整方法,定量考察了人口出生率、人口死亡率、城镇职工工资水平、农村居民收入水平之间的关系。研究发现：1）尽管我国实行了计划生育政策,但人口出生率与经济发展变量之间仍然存在着长期稳定的关系;2）城市和农村的经济发展对于人口出生率的影响存在显著差异。前者会刺激人口出生率的提高,但后者会降低人口出生率,且影响程度比前者大。3）人口出生率与经济发展变量之间的关系存在明显的地区差异。根据以上结论,作者认为放松计划生育政策不会引起我国人口数量猛增,反而会优化人口结构,提高人口整体素质。     

新农村建设中存在的若干问题

摘　　要:作者认为。在新农村建设中应首先着力解决与农民切身利益相关的一些问题。这些问题包括：农民收入增长缓慢、城乡居民收入差距持续扩大;城乡教育水平差距大、农民教育负担重;城乡医疗卫生资源分布不平衡、农民医疗费用支出负担重;农村社会保障体系缺失。作者对产生这些问题的原因进行了分析,并提出了解决这些问题的一些政策措施 。     

Statistical materials. Results of the 1985 socio-demographic sample survey of the population

Results from the five percent socio-demographic sample survey of the USSR conducted in 1985 are presented. Data are provided on the educational status of the population and the labor force by nationality, republic, sex, and rural or urban area; income; marital status; marriage duration; divorce and separation; intervals between marriages; family size; family characteristics; families with children under 18; internal migration; and distribution of women by number of children ever born, republic, nationality, educational status, and expected family size     

The population of the USSR

Official population data for the USSR for 1986 and 1987 are presented. Tables are included on age and sex distribution; rural and urban population; birth, death, and natural increase rates, 1970-1986; fertility and mortality by sex, 1970-1986; birth order; age-specific birth rates by rural and urban area and Union republic; age-specific death rates, 1970-1986; infant mortality, 1970-1986; life expectancy, 1926-1986; life tables; marriage and age at marriage; and divorce.     

储蓄、消费与经济增长——统计实证及意义阐释

经济周期的循环波动已经给世界各国经济的持续发展带来了困难。近几年来从投资消费角度寻找反周期的财政政策和货币政策正在受到各界的关注。时下我国的经济增长正处于经济周期性趋缓回落的阶段。一方面买方市场已正式形成,商品消费市场供大于求现象特别突出。据有关部门...     

All-union population census 1989

Data from the 1989 USSR census are provided on the total population for Soviet and autonomous republics, krae, oblasts, and autonomous okrug (districts), and also on the number of permanent residents by Soviet republic.