Toward the All-Union population census of 1989

Preparations for the next census of the USSR, scheduled for 1989, are outlined. The program for trial censuses to be held in 1986 and 1987 is described, and proposed changes and additions based on previous censuses are listed.     

A controlled donor imputation system for a one-number census

Summary. The 2001 UK census was a one-number census. An integral part of such a process has been the creation of a transparent census database that has been adjusted for the underenumeration in the 2001 census. The methodology for creating this database is based on a controlled donor imputation system that imputes individuals and households estimated to have been missed in the census. This paper describes this methodology and provides results from a statistical assessment of its performance using data that realistically simulate the census process.     

Dependence in the 2001 one-number census project

Summary.  The one-number census approach was developed by the Office for National Statistics to adjust the counts from the 2001 census of England and Wales for underenumeration. The method is underpinned by an assumption of independence between the count of the population that was given by the 2001 census and the count that was given by the Census Coverage Survey. Some dependence was, however, detected, and the paper describes the strategy that was used to measure dependence and to adjust the 2001 census population estimates.     

人口普查净误差构成部分的估计

 人口普查误差,即普查登记人数与“人口数真值”之差,也叫净误差,实际上是普查遗漏人数抵消普查错误计数人数的结果。净误差掩盖了人口普查中所发生的错误计数和遗漏这两个方面的错误的真实情况。美国普查局决定,在2010年人口普查的事后质量检查中,除了像以往一样继续估计净误差之外,还将估计错误计数人数和遗漏人数。这是对人口普查事后质量检查工作的一项重大改进。本文在解读有关文献的基础上,讨论了估计错误计数人数和遗漏人数的途径、数据准备以及抽样估计的有关问题。     

A methodological strategy for a one-number census in the UK

As a result of lessons learnt from the 1991 census, a research programme was set up to seek improvements in census methodology. Underenumeration has been placed top of the agenda in this programme, and every effort is being made to achieve as high a coverage as possible in the 2001 census. In recognition, however, that 100% coverage will never be achieved, the one-number census (ONC) project was established to measure the degree of underenumeration in the 2001 census and, if possible, to adjust fully the outputs from the census for that undercount. A key component of this adjustment process is a census coverage survey (CCS). This paper presents an overview of the ONC project, focusing on the design and analysis methodology for the CCS. It also presents results that allow the reader to evaluate the robustness of this methodology.     

The first complete enumeration of Papua New Guinea--the 1980 population census

"The 1980 Population Census of Papua New Guinea was the first complete enumeration of the population of the country. It was also the first census to be designed and processed within the country. This paper gives the background to the census and outlines the development and implementation of the project, concentrating on the problems encountered and the procedures developed to overcome them in this (in many ways) unique environment. The census project was a thorough exercise and recommendations are also given for the future."     

简析身份证号信息在人口普查中的作用

人口普查是世界各国广泛采用的搜集人口资料的一种科学方法,它为国家制定政策提供权威的人口数据,但是,历届人口普查都面临着重报、漏报等严重问题。身份证号码虽然仅有18位,但是信息丰富,而且每位公民的号码都是唯一的,不可重复的。在普查中询问身份证号码,可以取代普查表中的多个问题,可以避免重报、漏报问题,还可以通过身份证号码中地址码与问卷登记地的地址码相比较确定流动人口。通过对"五普"和"六普"数据的分析,我们发现,在以后的人口普查中通过加入身份证号码的询问可以帮助提高普查数据的质量。     

An alternative view of the 2001 census and future census taking

Summary.  The 2001 census in the UK asked for a return of people 'usually living at this address'. But this phrase is fuzzy and may have led to undercount. In addition, analysis of the sex ratios in the 2001 census of England and Wales points to a sex bias in the adjustments for net undercount—too few males in relation to females. The Office for National Statistics's abandonment of the method of demographic analysis for the population of working ages has allowed these biases to creep in. The paper presents a demographic account to check on the plausibility of census results. The need to revise preliminary estimates of the national population over a period of years following census day—as experienced in North America and now in the UK—calls into question the feasibility of a one-number census. Looking to the future, the environment for taking a reliable census by conventional methods is deteriorating. The UK Government's proposals for a population register open up the possibility of a Nordic-style administrative record census in the longer term.     

人口普查误差刍议

许多国家每次人口普查之后都要对其进行质量评估,计算人口普查误差,包括净误差及其构成部分（普查遗漏和普查错误计数）。通常采用先估计净误差,然后估计普查错误计数和普查遗漏。人口普查误差计算的关键是估计总体实际人口数。目前多数国家是使用基于捕获-再捕获模型和事后分层的双系统估计量估计实际人口数。最近1～2年美国提出使用基于罗吉斯蒂回归模型的双系统估计量估计实际人口数。研究结论表明：真正的人口普查误差其实是不能计算的;基于罗吉斯蒂回归模型的双系统估计量由于不受样本量限制而可以选择较多的事后分层变量,因而它优于基于事后分层的双系统估计量。     

1981 census evaluation programme in England and Wales

The program developed to evaluate the coverage and quality of results from the 1981 census of England and Wales is described. "A post-enumeration survey was the main tool used, but for the evaluation of census coverage, this was augmented by a series of demographic checks against statistics from other administrative sources. The main conclusion from the coverage checks was that the census probably missed about 241,000 people net (about half of one per cent of the population) including some 36,000 children aged 0-4. At older ages than this, adults aged 16-44 were more likely to be missed than others and males rather more than females. Students and people out of employment were also more likely to be missed than people in employment. The quality of householders' responses to particular census questions was evaluated in a detailed post-enumeration interview survey. The results of this showed that the questions subject to most response error were those on rooms, various aspects of economic activity and the main means of travel to work."     

基于数据汇总的普查调查框误差研究

作为一种全面调查,普查数据的生产过程可以视为由个体数据汇总为总量数据的过程.为了开展普查数据质量评估与控制研究,从中国普查调查实施过程共性出发,构建普查数据汇总模型的一般形式,并以此为基础界定普查调查框及其作用,将普查划分为两种类型;同时从普查数据汇总的角度论述普查调查框误差的量化形式,进一步完善单位清查(清查摸底)环节在普查数据汇总中的理论意义.     

重视样本普查在我国农业普查中的应用

重视样本普查在我国农业普查中的应用单文豪ＡＢＳＴＲＡＣＴＩｔｉｓｄｉｆｉｃｕｌｔｔｏａｑｕｉｆｅｒｔｈｅａｌｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｎｅｅｄｅｄｆｏｒｏｕｒｇｏｖｅｒｎｍｅｎｔｉｎｍａｎ－ａｇｉｎｇｍａｃｒｏｅｃｏｎｏｍｙｂｙｆｕｌｙｒｅｌｙｉｎｇｏｎ...     

论人口普查质量评估统计量

人口统计学家通常用人口普查误差来评估人口普查质量。然而,确切的人口普查误差是无法计算的,能够计算的仅仅是它的估计量。甚至,在有些时候所估计的,其实并不是人口普查误差,而仅仅是人口普查的平均差。详细解析这方面的基本理论和基本概念,分析人们在应用人口普查质量评估统计量时的常见误区,指出这种错误所引发的连带问题。     

经济普查应该在科学设计和高效组织下确保数据质量

 数据质量是经济普查的生命线。本文在全面总结第一次经济普查工作经验的基础上，紧紧围绕实现第二次经济普查的任务和目标，从总结、改进、精简和提高的角度，深刻剖析经济普查的重点和难点问题，指出要从科学设计和高效组织等方面采取具体措施来更有效地开展新形势下的经济普查。     

非抽样误差视角下普查涵盖误差及其模型研究

根据普查数据生成过程,将实际普查汇总结果与目标总体真值的净误差定义为普查涵盖误差;从非抽样误差的作用分析,提出涵盖误差来源影响的三个假设,并论证采用净误差表现普查涵盖误差的合理性。在此基础上,将涵盖误差的产生机制和普查数据汇总模型结合,构建不同普查类型下计数与内容涵盖误差的模型与误差分解过程;以此论述了非抽样误差对涵盖误差的影响作用,以及计数涵盖误差和内容涵盖误差间的联系,为进一步研究普查数据质量评估与控制奠定理论基础。     

普查涵盖误差及其测量机制研究

 针对周期性普查的统计数据质量,本文在界定普查涵盖误差的基础上,从分析普查涵盖误差与抽样框误差的异同入手,以此为基础讨论普查涵盖误差的构成及分类,将普查涵盖误差特点概括为全面性、过程性和偏差性;将普查涵盖误差测量思路与重复调查技术假定相结合,论述基于抽样设计和基于双系统模型的测量机制,用于分析事后抽查对不同普查涵盖误差的测量技术假定,为进行我国普查事后抽查的后续研究奠定理论基础。     

From the history of the 1937 census of population

This is a history of the 1937 census of the USSR, the results of which were suppressed because of an alleged massive undercount. The author attempts to determine whether there was in fact an undercount in this census, and if so how significant it was. He concludes that those responsible were not guilty of producing a significant undercount, and in fact employed the methods required to keep the undercount to a bare mimimum.     

中国农业普查事后质量抽查

一、ＰＥＳ数据分析模型由于抽查不只是对普查的重复 ,而是针对已进行的调查来收集“真实值”的一种方法。在中国 ,ＰＥＳ的入户访问是按与普查相同的环境来进行的 ,目的是要得到尽可能接近真实的调查结果。从ＰＥＳ得到的数据要与普查数据相比较。对两次调查的回答逐一比较 ,会得到如下的结果 :①普查和抽查回答一致 ;②两次调查的回答不一致 :回答的差别越大 ,普查估计的可靠性就越低。ＰＥＳ是为了检查和评估普查的数据质量。对ＰＥＳ回答误差的研究表明 ,回答误差也影响了ＰＥＳ数据。下面 ,我们将对两次调查同等对待。估计可靠性的指标…