Demographic processes in rural areas

Population trends in the rural areas of Poland are analyzed over the period 1975-1993. The data are presented separately on natural increase by province. The author notes that the population in rural areas is declining, while the population in urban areas continues to grow.     

The effect of migration on population development

Long-term migration patterns in the USSR are analyzed by Union Republic using data from the 1979 census. The impact on the population of rural and urban areas is considered.     

新农村建设中存在的若干问题

摘　　要:作者认为。在新农村建设中应首先着力解决与农民切身利益相关的一些问题。这些问题包括：农民收入增长缓慢、城乡居民收入差距持续扩大;城乡教育水平差距大、农民教育负担重;城乡医疗卫生资源分布不平衡、农民医疗费用支出负担重;农村社会保障体系缺失。作者对产生这些问题的原因进行了分析,并提出了解决这些问题的一些政策措施 。     

All-Union population census 1989

Selected results from the 1989 Soviet census are presented. They concern population size, sex ratio, and age distribution of the rural and urban population for the whole country and constituent republics; and number of families and family size by rural and urban areas for the whole country and constituent republics.     

The demographic,social, and occupational distribution of the population

Some results from Poland's 1985 micro-census of population are presented. They concern population changes by age, sex, marital status, educational status, occupation, and income. The data are presented separately for rural and urban areas.     

New information from the State Committee on Statistics of the USSR

Selected data concerning the USSR are presented. They concern vital statistics by republic for 1989 for rural and urban areas, birth order, life expectancy by sex, and population change and vital statistics for cities with a population over one million.     

Statistical materials. Results of the 1985 socio-demographic sample survey of the population

Results from the five percent socio-demographic sample survey of the USSR conducted in 1985 are presented. Data are provided on the educational status of the population and the labor force by nationality, republic, sex, and rural or urban area; income; marital status; marriage duration; divorce and separation; intervals between marriages; family size; family characteristics; families with children under 18; internal migration; and distribution of women by number of children ever born, republic, nationality, educational status, and expected family size     

Infant mortality

Infant mortality is considered as a major indicator of the overall level of health in the USSR. Death rates are provided by rural and urban areas and by causes of death. Causes of death are analyzed by republic.     

Socio-demographic interests of the population during the transition to a market economy

These are the results of a 1971 survey on reproductive behavior in the former Soviet Union. The survey covered 3,152 women aged 16 or over living in rural or urban areas. Questions were included on ideal, desired, and expected number of children. The results indicate that low fertility expectations characterize the majority of the population and that current political and economic problems are likely to push expected fertility even lower. Significant differences between rural and urban populations and among regions are identified.     

Statistical materials

Official population data for the USSR are presented for 1985 and 1986. Part 1 (pp. 65-72) contains data on capitals of union republics and cities with over one million inhabitants, including population estimates for 1986 and vital statistics for 1985. Part 2 (p. 72) presents population estimates by sex and union republic, 1986. Part 3 (pp. 73-6) presents data on population growth, including birth, death, and natural increase rates, 1984-1985; seasonal distribution of births and deaths; birth order; age-specific birth rates in urban and rural areas and by union republic; marriages; age at marriage; and divorces.     

Regional conditions for differentiation of population reproduction in Poland

This study deals with differentials in gross fertility rates and rates of natural population growth by region in Poland. Two models are formulated with the above indicators as dependent variables and the following set of independent variables: population density, percent of nonagricultural population, housing conditions (number of persons per room), percent of population aged 20-29, percent of population aged 65 and over, percent of male population, percent of urban population, percent of population with high school and college education, percent of working women, and percent of married couples. The most significant variables were age 20-29, urban population, working women, sex ratio, and marital status.     

扶助农村弱势群体是全面建设小康社会的需要

党的十六大提出 ,发展农村经济 ,增加农民收入是全面建设小康社会的重大任务。扶助农村弱势群体 ,尽快使他们摆脱贫困 ,逐步达到小康生活水平 ,是今后农村经济工作的重要任务。也是解决小康水平低 ,不全面 ,尤其是不平衡问题 ,实现全面建设小康社会的需要。　　一、黑龙江省农村弱势群体的基本状况　　收入水平的高低 ,是人们生存和发展的基本依据 ,是决定人们社会经济地位的根本因素 ,在社会生产过程中 ,经济收入作为生产劳动的最终成果 ,反映了人们参与社会生产和分配的能力 ,以及个人消费的能力 ,是划分社会结构的基本依据。弱势群体是一…     

An analysis using multiple regression of the geographic variations in mortality caused by cardiovascular diseases

Geographical differences in mortality from cardiovascular diseases in Poland are analyzed using multiple regression. Factors considered include employment, population density, percentage of forest area, housing conditions, percent urban, provision of hospital beds, and population size.     

Statistical materials: natural increase of population in the USSR

Data on the population of the USSR by sex and Union republic as of January 1, 1982, are presented. Data are included on population by sex; birth, death, and natural growth rates, 1980 and 1981; distribution of births, deaths, and marriages by month, 1981; distribution of births by birth order, 1981; age-specific birth rates for rural and urban areas, 1980 and 1981; mortality from cardiovascular disease and cancer, 1980 and 1981; marriages by age of bride and groom, 1981; and divorces by duration of marriage and age of husband and wife, 1981.     

中国城市化对经济增长影响机制的实证研究

 本文在对现有文献梳理的基础上，提出城市化可以通过两种机制的作用来推动经济增长：一方面，城市化带来的聚集经济加速物质资本、人力资本和知识资本等要素的积累，从而促进经济增长；另一方面，城市化使得剩余劳动力从农村向城市转移，优化第一产业，促进非农产业的发展，同时城市本身第二、三产业的发展进一步加速了产业结构的升级，从而促进经济增长。即城市化先作用于要素积累和结构变革，然后才间接地对经济增长产生正的影响作用。中国数据的实证检验结果表明：城市化能够通过物质资本、人力资本、知识资本和产业结构这四条途径来影响经济增长；而且，在现阶段人力资本和结构变革是城市化与人均产出之间的显著影响渠道。     

陕西省城镇化发展影响因素的实证分析

在全国各地重视城镇化战略和推进城镇化进程的过程中,揭示城镇化的地区特色和现阶段的影响因素具有重要的意义。结合陕西省的具体情况和必要的实地调查,运用SPSSl9．0和Eviews6．0软件对陕西城镇化影响因素进行相关分析和多元统计回归分析,结果表明,陕西省仍处于工业化主导城镇化的发展阶段,第三产业对城镇化的推进作用开始增强;城乡居民收入差别明显是促进乡村人VI向城镇转移的主要动力;制度因素对城镇化的推进作用尚不明显,市场机制有待进一步健全。     

中国城乡多维贫困的测度及比较

传统的仅用收入或消费来衡量贫困的方法只能提供单一的信息,从多维角度则能够较全面地认识贫困。本文利用CHNS数据库中2000年和2009年数据,借鉴了多维贫困指数的构造及分解方法,对近十年来中国城乡多维贫困进行了测度、分解及分析,认为总体上城乡贫困程度均有所减轻,农村贫困严重于城市,应重视医疗健康保险、卫生设施、城市住房、做饭燃料等维度上的贫困,同时降低中西部省份的贫困。     

陕西农村贫困问题研究

The paper first measures the poverty line by three methods; then, using quantitative and qualitative methods, analyses the issues such as characteristics and mobility of poverty population, poverty households and poverty counties; finally, put forward the targets and the strategically measures of poverty-assistance in rural areas of Shaanxi province in the Ninth-Five-Years period.     

Factors influencing the number and frequency of marriages in Poland in 1985

This is a preliminary review of the results of the annual sample survey for 1985 concerning newlyweds in Poland. The decline in marriage that has occurred, particularly between the ages of 20 and 24, is attributed to changes in the age structure of the population and the deficit of young women in rural areas. Increases in the age at marriage for both sexes are noted.     

Population projections for the USSR

Population projections for the Soviet Union are presented up to the year 2015. Separate figures are provided for rural and urban population by republic, and for the economically active population by rural and urban area and republic.