西方失业理论及对我国解决失业问题的启示

失业问题是19世纪以来长期困扰世界各国的社会经济问题。针对这一问题,西方学者从不同角度给出了不同的解释和对策建议。虽然西方国家与我国国情不同,且市场经济发达程度差异较大,但是西方失业理论在一定程度上同样可以用来解释我国的失业现象。本文在评介西方失业理论的基础上,探讨了其对于我国做好就业与再就业工作的借鉴意义。     

西方国家失业治理的对策及启示

如何有效地控制失业、促进就业,是世界各国普遍高度重视并致力于解决的重大经济和社会问题。文章主要从持续的经济增长促进就业、改革原有的社会福利和失业保障制度、推行积极的劳动力培训政策、推进劳动力市场结构改革四方面总结了西方国家失业治理的经验,为我国各级政府应对就业挑战提供参考。     

西方农地金融制度的经验及对我国的启示

—、土地金融内涵及其意义土地金融是金融业的一种特殊形式，一般是指围绕土地开发、改良、经营等活动而发生的筹集、融通和结算资金的金融行为，即以土地作为信用保证（抵押）而获得的资金融通。土地金融与其他金融相比，与土地有密切的联系，具有自身的特殊性质和特点：（１）债券可靠，较为安全。这是由土地本身的特点决定的：其一，土地位置固定，不能移动；其二，功能永久，可以永续利用；其三，土地具有稀缺性，因而会随着社会经济发展能不断增值；其四，土地具有自偿性，主要是土地持久的使用价值和不断取得收益的自偿性，贷款人可以…     

西方节庆产业发展对我国的启示

本文从节庆产业的发展概况出发，对我国节庆产业发展存在问题、趋势和对策进行了探讨。     

发达国家邻避冲突的解决及对我国的启示

随着城市化进程的不断加快,人们的环保、权利意识的不断增强,邻避冲突逐渐成为一个日益频发且不容忽视的社会问题。由于城市的自然、经济、社会发展水平及发达程度不同,邻避运动的特点和解决方案也将存在较大差异。笔者着眼于发达国家的邻避冲突,特别是垃圾处理和核燃料两类特殊邻避设施的解决,来寻求发达国家治理邻避问题的一般规律,以期对我国未来城市发展中邻避冲突的解决给予启示。     

浅析西方国家行政改革对我国的启示

西方国家行政改革始于20世纪90年代,持续至今,其中有很多可贵的经验是我们中国今天行政改革可以借鉴的。纵观西方国家的改革,无论从其内容还是改革的形式都立足于本国实际,这也给我国行政改革提出新的课题,既要借鉴其他国家先进的经验,同时必须有自己的特色,符合中国的国情。     

西方社区养老服务及其对我国的启示

西方社区养老服务对我国应对人口老龄化问题具有重要的借鉴意义。本文首先分析了西方社区养老服务、西方社区照顾与我国社区养老服务的异同,并综述了西方学者在支持家庭照顾者、居家照顾服务、邻里照顾、照顾管理和协作模式等方面的研究成果,以期对我国社区养老服务提供理论借鉴。     

西方社会党收入分配理论及其启示

西方社会党是当今国际社会中一支重要的政治力量,他试图在资本主义的框架内进行改良以实现其政治理想。西方社会党经过几十年的探索与发展逐渐成熟并形成了其特有的理论和政治理想。在建设福利制国家和收入分配制度领域取得了有益成果,对我国正在进行的收入分配制度改革有着有益的借鉴和启示意义。     

失业保险金支出对再就业行为影响的文献综述及启示

国内外实证研究认为失业保险金支出水平的提高、支付期限的延长、支付序列的不当及领取资格的具备都将抑制再就业。已有文献对失业保险金各因素与再就业行为关系研究较多,但对各因素作为整体对再就业影响的研究不足,应加强对失业保险支出设置各方面对再就业行为影响整体效应的考虑。     

澳大利亚失业青年治理对我国的镜鉴

经济新常态是未来一个时期我国经济发展的重要特征,在新常态的不同阶段,经济增长速度、发展方式、结构调整以及发展动力等都与前一阶段有所不同,这些变化必然对就业带来影响,从而将就业管理服务工作、职业培训置于不间断的挑战之下。澳大利亚政府基于对失业青年激励引导理念,提出主流青年公共就业服务和青年失业治理的四大最新举措。对比不同国情,化解青年失业难题需要培养提升青年职业技能、缔造与产业结构相适应的就业结构、构建公共部门促进青年就业的多重保障、充分激发和调动青年内在就业动力、为有志青年提供更好的创业服务。     

成功智力理论对大学生职业指导的启示

斯滕伯格提出的成功智力由分析性智力、创造性智力和实践性智力构成,这三方面的协调和平衡能够促进个体智力的发展;同时成功智力的内涵与大学生职业指导目标一致,对大学生职业指导具有重要的借鉴意义。     

在西部大开发中实践生态价值论

西部大开发战略是以江泽民同志为核心的党中央,面向新世纪作出的重大战略决策.实践生态价值论是实现这个战略决策的理论保障,是生态经济历史发展的科学选择.     

Unemployment in the Czech Republic and Development of an Expert System for Assessing Unemployment Compensation

ABSTRACT

This paper addresses contemporary problems of unemployment in the Czech Republic (finding optimal alternatives of organizational structures of services of employment agencies). Based on characteristics and knowledge of information flows of the decision making process of claimants of unemployment compensation, a prototype expert system was developed to support this decision making. Results-of this research were evaluated from two points of view-the theoretical and practical benefits.     

Unemployment duration and the measurement of unemployment

We propose a framework in which the welfare bases of various unemployment measures available in the literature can be analyzed and a decomposition of these measures can be made into aggregate unemployment and the concentration of its distribution. A set of axioms for an unemployment measure is then introduced, which relate to the sensitivity of an unemployment measure to the inequality in the distribution of the unemployment. An unemployment measure is derived on the basis of these axioms that captures the distributional considerations in the measurement of unemployment.      

Reservation Wages and the Unemployment of Older Workers

Our purpose is to examine the level of reservation wages among older unemployed (45+), and investigate what happens to the level of reservation wages as the length of unemployment increases. Using data from questionnaires completed by unemployed, we examined the reservation wages of 364 individuals and asked whether they would be willing to compromise in terms of their occupation, profession or geographic location to find a job. 112 of the participants responded to two questionnaires over a three-month period to determine the changes in their expectations over time. Additionally, we conducted qualitative interviews with 10 unemployed. We found that older people experienced longer periods of unemployment, and had a greater willingness to reduce salary expectations. The study establishes an innovative connection between older unemployed, reservation wages and the duration of unemployment, showing that higher reservation wages among older unemployed is the cause of prolonging their unemployment.     

Duration and Recurrence of Unemployment Benefits

Using administrative data for the period 2005–2010, we test for the existence of segmentation in the pool of the unemployed receiving benefits and investigate the factors associated with the duration and recurrence of the receipt of unemployment benefits in Spain. The results suggest the existence of (at least) three groups of individuals, each with different combinations of covered unemployment duration and recurrence. We also find that the impact of the employment crisis has been an increase in the average length of time spent receiving unemployment benefits and the recurrence. Our findings support the hypothesis that not only the heterogeneity but also the previous experience of receipt increase the expected duration of subsequent benefit periods.     

The Impact of Gender and Marital Status on Attitudes and Responses to Unemployment

The study examined differences in job search intensity, attitudes toward unemployment, and related responses among a sample of Israelis, based on gender and marital status (single vs. married). The findings indicate that gender-based differences were greater than those based on marital status. Regarding the impact of gender, women were more likely than men to reject jobs because of conflict with family responsibilities or unsuitable working conditions. Both men and women mentioned gender atypical characteristics of occupations as a reason for rejecting employement, although this tendency was especially prevalent among married women. Women also reported more stress reactions and decline in health as an outcome of unemployment. Regarding the impact of marital status, married men tended to seek jobs more intensively than respondents in the other research groups. Single respondents of both sexes were more likely than their married counterparts to view unemployment as a personal advantage because it gives them more time to themselves. Moreover, married respondents of both sexes were more likely to reject job offers because of conflict with family responsibilities or unsuitable working conditions. In light of the findings, practical recommendations for counselors are provided.     

我国廉租房建设现状及存在问题探析

2007年8月13日．国务院出台了《关于解决城市低收入家庭住房困难的若干意见》，提出要加快城市廉租房建设．着力解决低收入家庭的住房困难．并要求在2010年．全国实现廉租房从覆盖“最低收入住房困难户”扩大到“低收入住房困难户”。8月24日．全国住宅工作会议在北京召开．曾培炎副总理在讲话中明确提出．将于2007年年底前出台城市廉租房建设的相关配套措施．