A Historical Perspective on High School Students’ Paid Employment and Its Association with High School Dropout

Discussions about the role of paid employment in high school students’ lives usually involve untested assumptions about historical trends in the frequency, intensity, and selective nature of students’ employment behaviors. Using several nationally representative data sources, we find few changes in rates of employment or hours worked per week among adolescents since 1940 or among students since 1980. We observe important changes in recent decades in racial/ethnic and gender differences in employment and intensive employment. Finally, we observe that the relationship between students’ intensive employment and high school completion has been stable and persistently significant since the late 1960s.

Dizi—A Traditional Chinese Wind Instrument

RETIRED worker Zhang Guizhen knows a lot about dizi, a traditional Chinese wind instrument, because she worked in the Beijing Traditional Instrument Factory for 20 years and her only task was to make dizi.     

Common Concern——Chinese and European Women Exchange Views

The discussions focusedon seven aspects:protection of women'slegal rights and benefits;women and poverty;women's paticipation ineconomic development;women and health;women and theenvironment; women'spolitical participation andwomen and education.     

A New Method—Traditional Chinese Medicine Relieves Toothache

BECAUSE I had a toothache, I followed my colleague to the home of Zhang Fengwu; he is the inventor of "Zhangshi Miracle Tooth-Protection Liquid." When I had toothaches, I used to go to the dentist. Recently, however, I have felt very weak, and was afraid that I couldn't bear more pain, so I went to see this inventor and learn about his work even     

Sexism in the Labor Market of China——A Long Way to Go

Sexism(gender discrimination) in the labor market is a common phenomenon in China. It is quite evident that the difference in income and occupation between male and female is because of gender problem rather than labor productivity. This course paper aims at investigating and analyzing the sexism in China's labor market and proposing some pragmatic recommendations.     

They Walked out of Home—The First High Tide of Chinese Women's Employment

THE founding of New China in 1949 put an end to a half century of strife and war in China. Encouraged by the government of New China and because of the state's need to resume production and develop the economy, Chinese women, who for thousands of years had been enclosed within the walls of their home, obtained the right and the chance for extensive employment for the first time. They took a historical step out of their homes. At the First Plenary Session of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) which was held just before the founding of New China, the "CPPCC Common Program"     

“You Don’t Get Respect if You Give No Respect”: How Black and Latino Youth Make Sense of Encounters with Police

ABSTRACT

The study documents opinions about the police among black and Latino youth and explores how these assessments reflect differences in lived experiences and frames of interpretation of police encounters across gender and race/ethnicity. This specification is important to better understand how youth navigate interactions with law enforcement and how discrete experiences are interpreted in the context of other contacts of racial and gender inequality. We draw on interviews with 43 black and Latino youth, ages 13–21, compiled as part of a project on police stops in New York City. Although our findings indicate that youth tend to see the police negatively, we note considerable heterogeneity, with Latinos/as conveying more mixed views of law enforcement and females signaling more negative perceptions. We tie these differences to variation in the type, volume, and quality of encounters with the police, as well as the saliency of direct and indirect experiences.     

Long History and Splendid Culture——The Exhibition of Beijing Historical Relics in the Capital Museum

In the eastern part of Beijing, there is a quiet and ancient lane known as Guozijian Street, which was the location of the school of highest learning during the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties (1271-1911). The Capital Museum is located inside the Temple of Confucius on this street. To help people     

Culture and the Learning and Cognitive Development of Children with Severe Disabilities—Continuities and Discontinuities with Children without Disabilities

The dominant approach to children with disabilities is grounded in a biomedical model that assumes a direct relationship between the biological defect and the disability. From a cultural-historical point of view, this approach fails to notice how a child with a biological defect has to act in social institutions adapted to typical children. The aim of this article is to show how impairments arise from a developmental dynamic that includes both neurobiological and social conditions. Through empirical examples, the participation of children with severe disabilities is analyzed in relation to different practices and how they afford and develop particular cognitive activities, creating developmental possibilities or constraints that feed back on the child's learning. Distinguishing the different perspectives of children and professional adults increases our awareness of how conflicts between the participants' motives affect both participation and developmental conditions in practice. It is concluded that the learning problems of children with severe neurobiological impairments must be understood in terms of their social moderation and mediation.     

A Brief Treatment with a Posttraumatic Stress Disordered Patient—A Self Psychological Perspective

Treatment of posttraumatic stress disordered patients has focused predominantly on symptom removal. The assumption is that once the symptoms of stress are alleviated, the individual can return to a previous level of functioning. This focus overlooks the psychological importance of the unique and permanent effects that traumatic stress can have on the way individuals experience themselves and the world. This brief paper contributes to an understanding of the importance of psychoanalytic treatment in helping a patient understand her longstanding need for preoccupation with thoughts of destruction and how this need prolonged her thinking about the 9/11 tragedy. As her understanding proceeded, the patient’s preoccupation with the suicide attacks diminished as did her negative preoccupations in general.     

Back to China to Seek Her Roots——An American mother and Her Adopted Chinese Daughter

LULU went to a Chinese kindergarten in New York's China Town for the first time at the age of three, and when she returned home she had a serious question for her mother. "Mom, why don't I look like you?" The bewildered eyes of Lulu made blond Emily understand that from that day on, the girl she adopted from Anhui Province, China began to reappraise America and her American     

A Treaty with the Macassans? Burrumarra and the Dholtji Ideal

Is there evidence for the enactment of treaties between Aborigines (Yolngu) in north-east Arnhem Land and Macassan trepang fishermen in the days preceding British settlement in northern Australia? In this paper, I examine David Burrumarra's claim that ceremonies linked to a Dreaming Macassan (Birrinydji) united Yolngu and the very earliest ‘Macassan’ visitors, the Bayini and Wurrumala. Could these partnerships be considered treaties? To answer this question, I examine the societal collapse and dispersal of Burrumarra's Warramiri clan at Dholtji in the 1800s as a consequence of the Macassan encounter. For Burrumarra, the memory of a former ‘golden age’ of partnership was instrumental in facilitating clan resurgence at a new locale, Elcho Island, in the mid- to late nineteenth century. The Yolngu vision of intercultural diplomacy is based on the notion of these original ‘treaties’. It mirrors the fundamental principle of intermarrying moieties, bringing together the very best from both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal worlds, and is as relevant today as during the heyday of the trepangers.     

Intersectionality and coalitions in social movement research—A survey and outlook

Over the last 30 years, intersectionality has become a prominent concept, but in social movement scholarship, its adoption has yet been limited. So far, the concept is primarily employed to analyze the mobilization of women of color and other gendered mobilizations. In this article, I argue that intersectionality matters for all social movements—both as an analytic and as a political strategy. It is important to understand that all social movements and movement organizations are shaped by multiple axes of privilege and discrimination, which influence who participates in these movements and how, what demands are pursued and which are neglected, and how the issues of the movements and movement organizations are framed. My review starts out with defining and distinguishing between structural intersectionality and political intersectionality. Then, I survey a range of social movements from an intersectional perspective. This is followed by a discussion of coalitions and other strategies to achieve political intersectionality. The article concludes with an outlook on future directions for intersectional analyses in social movement scholarship.     

L.A. and “Lily Law”: A Talk with David Hanna

As the movie capital of the world for many decades, Hollywood has achieved an almost legendary status the world over. As a geographical location within southern California, however, it is also home to the many people who work within its film industry. The following interview with David Hanna (1917-1993) explores just what day-to-day life was like for the gay/lesbian/bisexual/transgender (GLBT) population who called Hollywood home during the Golden Age of the movie studio system: 1935 to the early 1950s. As a reporter on several Hollywood papers and a movie publicist, Hanna had a journalist's eye view of the legal and social problems confronting a group of people whose sexual orientation relegated them to a largely pariah status. As a gay man, he had a first-hand knowledge of the strategies of survival developed by Hollywood's GLBT population during those years. The article lays the groundwork for a more systematic study of GLBT Hollywood. In that regard, its introduction contains a short discussion of the methodological problems confronting researchers into that history.     

Premarital sexual permissiveness of American and Chinese college students: A cross‐cultural comparison

Employing the Reiss scale of premarital permissiveness, the author compared attitudes toward kissing, petting and coitus among American and Chinese college students. The data were composed of self‐administered questionnaires completed in class by 227 students in a state university in Texas, and by 708 students in a national university in Taiwan. As expected, Chinese students were far less permissive than American students. The pattern of less permissiveness for females than for males was preserved across the two cultures. Chinese students tended to follow the traditional code of sexual mores, while their American counterparts tended to follow the code of “permissiveness with affection.” Explanations are proffered and speculations are attempted for the Sino‐American disparities in permissiveness by selected social variables.     

East or West——All Want A Happy and Harmonious Family

The Institute of Social Science at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences recently held a discussion. Members of the visiting delegation of the World Peace Family Federation participated in the meeting. All participants clearly expressed their common wish:     

Do High School Students in India Gamble? A Study of Problem Gambling and Its Correlates

Studies from the West suggest that significant numbers of high school students gamble, despite it being illegal in this age group. To date, there have been no studies on the prevalence of gambling among senior high school and higher secondary school students in India. This study reports point prevalence of gambling and its psychosocial correlates among high school students in the State of Kerala, India. 5043 high school students in the age group 15–19 years, from 73 schools, were selected by cluster random sampling from the district of Ernakulam, Kerala, South India. They completed questionnaires that assessed gambling, substance use, psychological distress, suicidality, and symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Of a total of 4989 completed questionnaires, 1400 (27.9 %) high school students reported to have ever gambled and 353 (7.1 %) were problem gamblers. Of those who had ever gambled, 25.2 % were problem gamblers. Sports betting (betting on cricket and football) was the most popular form of gambling followed by the lottery. Problem gamblers when compared with non-problem gamblers and non-gamblers were significantly more likely to be male, have academic failures, have higher rates of lifetime alcohol and tobacco use, psychological distress, suicidality, history of sexual abuse and higher ADHD symptom scores. Gambling among adolescents in India deserves greater attention, as one in four students who ever gambled was a problem gambler and because of its association with a range of psychosocial variables.