流动和留守儿童的发展与环境作用

近年来,流动和留守儿童的心理发展问题一直受到社会的广泛关注．并成为心理学和教育学等研究领域的重要课题。本文结合目前关于环境与个体发展关系的相关理论以及课题组这几年来的研究成果,对流动和留守儿童的环境资源状况、心理发展状况以及环境对其心理发展的影响作用等进行了探讨。     

社会工作介入流动儿童城市融入探析

随着我国城市化进程的加快,流动儿童问题日益受到社会的广泛关注。流动儿童问题的出现不仅违背了社会的公平公正,而且对流动儿童自身成长成才及社会的稳定发展造成不利影响。社会工作在解决流动儿童问题方面发挥重要作用,为流动儿童问题的解决提供社会渠道,帮助流动儿童提高自身能力,促进流动儿童城市生活环境的改善。社会工作的介入有利于满足流动儿童及家庭的现实需求、促进社会公平公正的实现。     

流动儿童社会融合需要去标签化

"社会融合"是西方移民研究中的重要概念.是指个体和个体之间、不同群体之间或不同文化之间互相配合、互相适应的过程.在流动儿童社会融合研究中,通常更多考虑到流动儿童与城市社会的融合.目前我国关于流动儿童社会融合研究的普遍思路是从身份认同的角度考察流动儿童对城市和农村的认知,或从城市认同的角度分析流动儿童是否对流入地产生归属感,是否形成了"当地人"的身份认同,进而推断其主观社会融合程度的好坏.尽管有学者提出了流动儿童多元身份认同概念,对城乡二元身份认同的前提假设提出了质疑,但突破城市融人身份认同的探讨不多.     

西方对父母控制模式与儿童自我控制关系研究述评

父母控制模式是父母在教养活动中经常用以控制、管理儿童的较为稳定的行为方式。儿童自我控制是儿童根据社会环境的要求对自我的认识、情绪、行为进行调节与控制以作出适当反应的能力,自我控制能力是儿童社会化的重要特征。在儿童的社会化过程中,父母控制模式对儿童自我控制形成和发展的影响一直为发展心理学家所关注,而西方学者已比较系统地探索了它们之间的关系。本文试对西方学者在这一领域的研究成果作一简介,期望对国内的研究有些启示。一、父母控制模式与儿童自我控制特征(一)父母控制模式的探索本世纪初,许多西方学者已开始致力于对…     

武汉市流动儿童家庭教育调查报告

本文采用问卷调查与个案访谈相结合的方法,对武汉市流动儿童的家庭教育状况进行了研究探讨.文章从家庭教育行为、家庭教育观念和家庭教育效果三个方面对流动儿童的家庭教育状况进行了全面分析,并在此基础上指出了流动儿童家庭教育中存在的主要问题.     

流动儿童义务教育情况报告

本文基于对上海市流动儿童义务教育状况的访谈,分析了上海市流动儿童受教育状况的基本特点、影响流动儿童义务教育的因素以及流动儿童义务教育存在的矛盾和问题,提出了对解决流动儿童义务教育问题的初步建议与思考.     

公办学校中流动儿童的心理健康问题

当前,流动儿童（外来务工人员子女）主要在两种学校接受教育,一种是公办学校,一种是简易学校（民工子弟学校）。对流动儿童来说,公办学校与简易学校可能意味着两种不同的心理社会环境。因为这两种教育安置方式可能意味着两种不同的文化、价值观和社会支持。近年来,随着流动儿童到公办学校就读政策的推行,越来越多的流动儿童选择到公办学校就读。在这种情况下,研究公办学校中流动儿童的心理健康也就愈发重要。本研究采用Piers—Harris儿童自我概念量表等工具对公办学校中流动儿童的心理健康进行研究。结果发现,流动儿童的自我概念并不比城市儿童更消极,流动儿童的社交焦虑与城市儿童也不存在显著的差异．但女流动儿童比同性别的城市儿童的孤独感更强。     

休闲运动对校园体育锻炼的启示探析

休闲作为一个社会文化现象广泛地影晌着人们的生活方式、行为方式和消费方式。休闲体育是人类社会的一种社会文化现象,从文化的角度去认识和解读休闲体育,可以使我们更加深入地去思考展示在我们眼前的这些现象,拓展我们对休闲体育的研究视角。     

儿童多动的家庭成因的个案研究

多动症是儿童时期比较突出的问题行为,患儿表现为易分心、易激动、好冲动、坐立不安及攻击性行为较多等,如果不及时干预或干预方法不当,将可能会严重影响儿童将来的学业成绩及社会化过程。多动症的发生与多种因素有关,如各种生理因素、家庭因素、社会环境和心理创伤等,家庭作为儿童社会化发展最早和最持久的环境,是个体人格发展和日常生活的主要场所,也往往是心理问题的发源地。儿童的健康成长离不开环境,而家庭教育是儿童最早接受的教育也是影响比较长久的教育。所以,本文主要通过案例的形式让读者知道家庭因素对幼儿多动行为问题的发生起着最直接和最重要的因素。     

儿童同伴交往视角下的住区户外环境营造模式探索

社会生活方式转变后,儿童孤独症日趋严峻,正严重危害我国儿童健康成长.研究表明,良好的儿童同伴关系有助于预防孤独症发生,且同伴交往对于塑造同伴关系极其重要.通过空间环境提升促进儿童同伴交往活动的发生是城乡规划学科遏制精神疾病的重要举措之一.本文首先分析了影响同伴关系的三类同伴交往行为,包括亲社会、攻击和退缩行为;其次提出...     

公用事业公有制的多种实现形式

分析了公用事业由国有独资经营向公有制多种实现形式转化必须把握好的几个方面。同时,政府应加强对公用事业的宏观控制力。     

浅析廊坊市加快科学发展的思路及措施

主要从思想建设、产业结构调整、城乡一体化方面探讨廊坊市抓住发展机遇,加快科学发展的思路。     

Accuracy of the judgment of facial expression of emotions as a function of sex and level of education

The purpose of this study is to examine the recognition of facial expressions of six emotions as a function of sex and level of education (high school, college, university) of the subjects. Three hundred French-speaking citizens of Quebec had to judge which emotion was expressed in various facial stimuli presented on slides. Results show that overall, the recognition of emotions was very good. However, there were significant and strong differences between emotions and sex and levels of education did not have strong effects on the results.This research was supported by grant EQ-1717 from Fonds FCAC (Gouvernment du Quebec).     

Developing understanding of the idea of communities of learners

The idea of a community of learners is based on the premise that learning occurs as people participate in shared endeavors with others, with all playing active but often asymmetrical roles in sociocultural activity. This contrasts with models of learning that are based on one‐sided notions of learning— either that it occurs through transmission of knowledge from experts or acquisition of knowledge by novices, with the learner or the others (respectively) in a passive role. In this paper, I develop the distinction between the community of learners and one‐sided approaches from the perspective of a theory of learning as participation, and use two lines of research to illustrate the transitions in perspective necessary to understand the idea of communities of learners. One line of research examines differing models of teaching and learning employed by caregivers and toddlers from Guatemalan Mayan and middle‐class European‐American families; the other line of research involves a study of how middle‐class parents make a transition from their own schooling background to participate in instruction in a public US elementary school.     

劳动法视域下新生代农民工权利缺失问题

中国经济崛起和城市化进程过程中农民工的贡献有目共睹,城市让生活更美好的诱惑使得中国的新老两代农民工从农村流入城市,2008年1月1日的《劳动合同法》和《劳动争议调解仲裁法》让社会看到了改善农民工权利状况的希望,然而新生代农民工的权利保护尤其是作为一名劳动者的权利保护的现状依然不如人意,没有救济的权利不是真正的权利、迟来的正义是非正义,每年岁末对于农民工权益的突击性保障并不能从根本上解决问题,把包括农民工权益保障的社会问题纳入法治框架内、通过探析新生代农民工权利阙如问题及原因进而发现从制度层面进行解决才是解决农民工权益保障问题的根本途径。     

学龄儿童健康行为研究方法述评

学龄儿童健康行为研究越来越得到重视,在未来周期性的研究中也面临着在快速发展的背景下保持较高质量、在有限的财政资源情况下持续提高、使趋势分析与修改问卷内容相适应、满足科学受众和政策受众的不同要求等挑战,因此,完善其研究方法成为当前迫切需要。     

The frequency of sexual abuse and depression in a sample of street children of one of deprived districts of Tehran

The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of sexual abuse and depression among street children who live in a deprived district of Tehran. The researchers used the K-SADS questionnaire and a clinical interview were used to evaluate depression and sexual abuse in 87 street children in Tehran. Eighteen (20.9%) of the children had been sexually abused. Depressed children were 3.2 times more likely to be sexually abused than non-depressed children. Furthermore, 26 girls (86.7%) and 27 boys (48.2%) suffered from depression. The frequency of depression demonstrated a significant association with the father's or breadwinner's history of imprisonment or unemployment. Interventional programs providing education and support should be implemented for street children.     

The impact of generation and country of origin on the mental health of children of immigrants

The authors reexamine the study of generational differences in adjustment among the children of immigrants by arguing that the country of origin defines and shapes the adaptation process across generations. Using a sample of children in Toronto, the authors demonstrate that generational differences in the mental health of children occur only in families from countries of origin at the lowest levels of economic development. Among those at the lowest levels of economic development, a mental health advantage in the first generation evolves to a disadvantage in the 2.5 generation relative to third or later generational children. Children from backgrounds characterized by higher economic development show no initial or eventual differences from the native born. Using data from the Toronto Study of Intact Families, the authors are able to explain differences among children from low economic development backgrounds specifically in terms of increasing family conflict and decreasing school involvement across generations.     

Structuring of manual of orientations and technical information for laundries of industries of animal products origin

This study looked for to lift information regarding laundries inserted in industries of animal products origin, to understand the activities developed in the section and to structure a Manual of Planning and Technical Information for laundries to industries of animal products origin, with the intention of subsidizing the planning, structuring and control of this work place, because norms or regulations that supervise don't exist or aid their managers and workers as for the operation of this work place.