关于捕获再捕获抽样的置信区间

捕获再捕获抽样是一种应用广泛的抽样方法。运用随机模拟,研究捕获再捕获抽样的三种估计量的均值、方差、偏度、峰度、利用近似正态分布构造的置信区间的统计性质。改进了估计量的样本方差计算公式,使得利用近似正态分布构造的置信区间更优。     

捕获——再捕获抽样在生物统计中的应用

0引言在生态研究和野生动物研究中,估计野生动物数量是研究者通常需要做的工作。1896年,Peterson首先提出了捕获—再捕获抽样方法,并将该方法用于野生动物的数量研究中。从此,对它的研究不断深入,应用领域也在不断扩展。捕获—再捕获抽样的基本思想方法是从总体中抽取一个样本,     

捕获再捕获抽样估计量的模拟研究

目前,捕获再捕获抽样已广泛应用于生物科学、社会科学、生命科学和医学的调查研究中。为此,对捕获再捕获抽样的最常用的Lincoln-Petersen估计量和Chapman估计量进行模拟比较,提出新的有偏估计量,其偏差介于上述两个估计量之间。理论和模拟结果显示：新估计量有时优于其它两个估计量;在实际应用中,当上述两个估计量较难取舍时,新估计量可以作为一个更好的选择。     

连续性抽样调查中总体均值的估计

在连续性抽样调查中,利用前期信息和辅助信息可以大大提高估计精度,但是以往的估计量大多假设辅助信息总体均值已知,文章介绍一种在连续性抽样调查中,辅助信息总体均值未知的情况下,通过两阶段抽样,利用轮换样本方法和辅助变量信息,对总体均值进行估计的新的估计方法,并将新提出的估计量与原有的估计量进行比较,发现其精度更高,而且有利于减少调查成本。     

论属性总体方差估计

计算抽样平均误差需要总体方差，总体方差通常未知，可以用样本方差代替总体方差。用样本方差替代属性总体方差是一个经常遇到的问题。文章阐述了在简单随机抽样时，因抽样方法不同，属性总体方差的无偏估计量是三种不同的形式，而一般理论书籍叙述的属性总体方差的无偏估计量是一种形式。用样本方差估计总体方差，只有样本调整方差才是总体方差良好的估计量，特别是在小样本的条件下比使用样本方差更为合理     

基于多重抽样框的连续性抽样估计方法研究

多重抽样框可以解决单一抽样框难以完整覆盖流动性目标总体的难题,连续性抽样调查则可以获取变量的时序观测数据,对总体现象进行追踪调查。本文将多重抽样框调查与连续性抽样调查两种方法结合在一起进行研究,深入分析基于多重抽样框的连续性抽样估计方法。文章首先设计了连续性调查环境下总体结构变动表;然后,在简单随机抽样假定下的轮换样本调查情形开展研究,设计了14种参数缩减方法对构建的似然函数进行估计求解,并给出了估计量的迭代计算过程;最后,对本文的研究内容进行了总结与展望。     

基于“三新”企业分层抽样单元权重动态调整的估计方法

对“三新”企业进行抽样调查是及时掌握和监测“三新”经济发展的重要手段。考虑到这一类调查总体单元变动比较迅速,抽样框信息变动大,无法及时覆盖总体的最新特征,依此抽样框得到的样本数据结构与总体的分布结构差异较大,样本的代表性较低,会对总体数量特征的有效估计产生影响。因此,基于调查总体单元的变动特征,把抽样框中的单元划分为保留单元和转移单元,在此基础上,依据样本单位分层结构的变动,设计了基于“三新”企业分层抽样单元权重动态调整的估计方法。首先,通过事后分层方法挖掘出不同层的单位特征,并预测抽样框各层容量;其次,依据层规模的变动预测对目标变量估计量的权重进行修正;最后,通过自我加权设计构造出总体动态变动后数量特征的复合估计量,并对其进行优良性讨论。在对“三新”企业的模拟数据进行多次重复抽样实验中,相比于固定抽样框下的传统方法,基于分层抽样单元权重动态调整的估计方法具有更高的抽样效率,构造的关于总体数量特征的估计量具有无偏性和有效性。     

复杂抽样推断方法体系的比较研究

对复杂样本进行推断通常有两种体系,一种是传统的基于随机化理论的统计推断,另一种是基于模型的统计推断。传统的抽样理论以随机化理论为基础,将总体取值视为固定,随机性仅体现在样本的选取上,对总体的推断依赖于抽样设计。该方法在大样本情况下具有稳健估计量,但在小样本、数据缺失等情况下失效。基于模型的抽样推断认为总体是超总体模型中抽取的一个随机样本,对总体的推断取决于模型的建立,但在不可忽略抽样设计下估计量是有偏估计。在对这两类推断方法分析的基础上,提出抽样设计辅助的模型推断,并指出该方法在复杂抽样中具有重要的应用价值。     

基于排序集抽样方法的调查费用分析

排序集抽样是利用辅助信息收集数据的一种有效方法,基于该抽样方法进行统计推断越来越受到人们的重视。然而,已有的研究结果仅考虑统计推断的效率而忽视了调查费用,鉴于此,文章考虑估计精度和调查费用两个方面,基于排序集样本建立了总体均值的估计量,证明了该估计量在给定的估计的精度下,降低了调查费用,并通过实例进一步说明了该抽样方案的优良性。     

PPS抽样下子总体参数的估计

本文讨论PPS抽样下子总体参数的估计,给出基于PPS总体抽样和基于总体抽样及子总体追加PPS抽样的子总体参数的估计量,并分析了估计量的性质.     

分层抽样下的样本轮换理论研究

讨论用于回归估计的二相抽样理论在分层抽样下样本轮换后估计量的构造及其精度问题，并在构造的估计量的基础上计算了分层抽样下的最优样本轮换率，这对于深入研究分层抽样理论，使其估计量的精度提高，从而更好地实现抽样调查的目标有积极意义。     

On prediction of population and subpopulation characteristics for future periods

The estimation or prediction of population characteristics based on the sample information is the key issue in survey sampling. If the sample sizes in subpopulations (domains) are large enough, similar methods as used for the whole population can be used to estimate or to predict subpopulations characteristics as well. To estimate or to predict characteristics of domains with small or even zero sample sizes, small area estimation methods “borrowing strength” from other subpopulations or time periods are widely used. We extend this problem and study methods of prediction of future population and subpopulations’ characteristics based on the longitudinal data.     

Two-stage informative cluster sampling—estimation and prediction with applications for small-area models

This paper considers the effects of informative two-stage cluster sampling on estimation and prediction. The aims of this article are twofold: first to estimate the parameters of the superpopulation model for two-stage cluster sampling from a finite population, when the sampling design for both stages is informative, using maximum likelihood estimation methods based on the sample-likelihood function; secondly to predict the finite population total and to predict the cluster-specific effects and the cluster totals for clusters in the sample and for clusters not in the sample. To achieve this we derive the sample and sample-complement distributions and the moments of the first and second stage measurements. Also we derive the conditional sample and conditional sample-complement distributions and the moments of the cluster-specific effects given the cluster measurements. It should be noted that classical design-based inference that consists of weighting the sample observations by the inverse of sample selection probabilities cannot be applied for the prediction of the cluster-specific effects for clusters not in the sample. Also we give an alternative justification of the Royall [1976. The linear least squares prediction approach to two-stage sampling. Journal of the American Statistical Association 71, 657–664] predictor of the finite population total under two-stage cluster population. Furthermore, small-area models are studied under informative sampling.     

辅以排序集样本的分层抽样方法研究

分层抽样中,样本在各层中的不同获取方式会对估计量的精度和试验费用产生一定的影响,而已有的理论方法大多不能在提高精度的同时降低调查费用。为此,将排序抽样与分层抽样方法相结合,提出了辅以排序集样本的分层抽样方案,并得到了总体均值的估计量以及这一估计量的良好性质。这些结果表明,与单一的分层随机抽样相比,这种抽样设计的估计量具有更高的精度,同时也节约了各层抽样调查的费用。     

存在测量误差时分层抽样层均值方差的估计

利用模型的方法研究出现测量误差时多变量间的关系是目前国际上的流行方法,但这不利于对单指标的估计。因此,通过在估计量的设计中纳入测量误差信息,推导测量误差方差的定量测度方法,实现了存在测量误差时分层抽样各层均值方差的估计。采用2007年广东省三个市（县）城镇住户调查中的人均消费性支出数据进行实证分析,定量测度了测量误差在层均值方差估计中的大小及其影响,并对不考虑测量误差的估计结果进行了修正。     

在不可忽略抽样机制下目标变量的估计问题

抽样调查是通过对有限总体的重复抽样,用样本数据对总体的目标变量进行估计,但是若样本的抽样过程与目标变量有关,则样本分布不能代表总体分布,此时用样本数据来估计总体会产生很大的偏差。针对这种在不可忽略的抽样机制下如何进行目标变量的估计问题展开讨论,详细介绍了三种处理该问题的方法并对这三种方法进行了比较,得出第三种概率密度函数的方法是处理该问题比较好的一种方法。     

Benchmarked linear shrinkage prediction in the Fay–Herriot small area model

The empirical best linear unbiased predictor (EBLUP) is a linear shrinkage of the direct estimate toward the regression estimate and useful for the small area estimation in the sense of increasing precision of estimation of small area means. However, one potential difficulty of EBLUP is that the overall estimate for a larger geographical area based on a sum of EBLUP is not necessarily identical to the corresponding direct estimate like the overall sample mean. To fix this problem, the paper suggests a new method for benchmarking EBLUP in the Fay–Herriot model without assuming normality of random effects and sampling errors. The resulting benchmarked empirical linear shrinkage (BELS) predictor has novelty in the sense that coefficients for benchmarking are adjusted based on the data from each area. To measure the uncertainty of BELS, the second-order unbiased estimator of the mean squared error is derived.     

LOCATION OF THE OPTIMAL SAMPLING POINT FOR THE QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF CONTINUOUS STREAMS

The paper makes an appraisal of the most appropriate sampling point for situations where a single sample must be used to estimate the mean flow of a continuous stream during a set time interval. Taking ‘optimal’ to mean the point at which the estimation error variance is minimised, optimal sampling locations are obtained for constant, linear and exponential flow rates when the process variogram is assumed linear or exponential. Numerical results illustrate the significance of failing to sample at the optimal point.     

Confidence regions for two proportions from independent negative binomial distributions

The negative binomial distribution offers an alternative view to the binomial distribution for modeling count data. This alternative view is particularly useful when the probability of success is very small, because, unlike the fixed sampling scheme of the binomial distribution, the inverse sampling approach allows one to collect enough data in order to adequately estimate the proportion of success. However, despite work that has been done on the joint estimation of two binomial proportions from independent samples, there is little, if any, similar work for negative binomial proportions. In this paper, we construct and investigate three confidence regions for two negative binomial proportions based on three statistics: the Wald (W), score (S) and likelihood ratio (LR) statistics. For large-to-moderate sample sizes, this paper finds that all three regions have good coverage properties, with comparable average areas for large sample sizes but with the S method producing the smaller regions for moderate sample sizes. In the small sample case, the LR method has good coverage properties, but often at the expense of comparatively larger areas. Finally, we apply these three regions to some real data for the joint estimation of liver damage rates in patients taking one of two drugs.