企业战略联盟的期权博弈分析

本文认为,企业建立战略联盟实质上是构建了一个战略投资的期权博弈实现方式,从而可以灵活应对高度不确定的市场环境和技术研发失败的风险.企业战略投资具有高度的不确定性、不可逆性及专用性,因此不能为了降低交易成本选择一体化在企业内部的治理方式,而应根据所能实现的期权博弈战略价值,选择较灵活的治理模式(如战略联盟),以最大化实现这类投资的战略期权价值.由联盟双方对联盟资产的估价而决定的联盟期权的"市场价格"和由联盟双方讨价能力决定的联盟期权的"执行价格"共同决定了联盟期权执行时的价值;联盟期权等待的灵活性价值与博弈占先战略价值相均衡之处决定了对联盟期权执行的最佳时机.     

社会实践因素对战略管理理论演进的影响

战略管理从60年代兴起以来,其理论和实践都获得了很大发展。在这种背景下,有必要讨论对其理论发展有重要意义的社会实践因素。本文根据战略管理起源、发展和演进的历程,分析对其理论和实践的发展演进有促进作用的社会背景和实践活动,文章最后探讨了战略管理发展的方向和理论背景。     

基于风险的企业战略控制系统

本文从分析战略风险的形成以及战略风险类型出发,指出了预期战略与应急战略的风险产生主要是由相应的环境因素和风险压力的结合导致的。依据此逻辑,为防止预期战略和应急战略的风险,需要从组织外部和内部视角建立相应的控制机制,最终组成企业完整的战略控制系统(TOEM模型)。最后,为使战略控制系统在实践中切实发挥效果,企业要采取一定的措施,使战略控制系统得以实施、维护和更新。     

以资源为基础的观点在战略人力资源管理领域的应用

本文在介绍了战略人力资源管理和以资源为基础观点的同时,从理论研究和实证角度对以资源为基础的观点在战略人力资源管理领域的应用进行了概述,并展望了二者日益融合、互相促进的趋势,提出了后续研究的问题和方向。     

我国上市公司治理结构与战略绩效的相关性研究

本文研究了我国上市公司治理结构安排的现状与代表公司战略绩效的公司价值指标的关系。在105家上市公司的相关资料基础上,具体考察了公司治理结构的股权结构、高层管理人员持股、两职兼任与分任、董监事会规模等几个方面对于公司相对价值和公司价值成长能力的影响。结果表明,我国上市公司的治理结构与公司战略绩效间存在一定的相关关系,但总体相关度低。这对于从提高公司战略绩效角度认识和改善我国上市公司的治理结构可以提供一些有益的启发。     

战略联盟模式选择的分析框架：资源、风险与结构模式间关系的概念模型

本文从公司在战略联盟中投入的不同种类资源的风险评价角度,综合考虑资源、风险及战略联盟的结构模式选择间的关系,形成了战略联盟结构模式选择的新的分析框架,提出了揭示三者间关系的概念模型及理论假说。本文认为,公司对战略联盟结构模式选择的偏好会受到管理者对未来公司在战略联盟中的各类风险的主观评价的影响,而公司对战略联盟投入的各类资源及其重要性是影响管理者对风险主观评价的重要因素。因此,应综合考虑战略联盟中所投入的不同种类资源及其所引发的风险大小以选择战略联盟的结构模式。     

Definitions and linkages between operational and strategic flexibilities

This paper aims at clarifying the concept of strategic flexibility, starting from that much more common of manufacturing flexibility (or operational one). After characterizing the dimensions of the latter, a classification of strategic flexibility is presented which distinguishes four categories. The measures of strategic flexibility are also investigated. Then two analogies are pointed out with the operational flexibility. The first, of the cause-effect type, is on two levels: at the business level, the operational flexibility estimates the variation of practices, while the strategic flexibility measures the effect obtained on performances; at the corporate level, the operational flexibility estimates the variation of competences, while the strategic flexibility evaluates the change in business. The second analogy, related to the classification variables, permits the main types of operational and strategic flexibilities to be placed in a single framework. So this study seeks to provide a framework—which has not been proposed in prior literature—for analyzing and evaluating the correlated concepts of operational and strategic flexibilities, to create a theoretical foundation for future research and empirical testing.     

国内战略风险研究的元分析

本文从中国知网4个数据库中筛选出150篇关于战略风险研究的文章,用元分析方法,从发表年份、作者来源、作者学科背景、研究主题的侧重点和主要研究方法等5个维度,分析国内战略风险研究的现状及不足,并探讨战略风险研究的未来方向。     

转型经济中的战略剥离分析:以中国上市企业为例

随着转型经济中企业并购与重组活动的日益增多,理论界和实业界都期望有适合转型经济的理论来指导企业的重组行为.为此,本文以战略反馈和代理理论为理论基础.探讨以中国为代表的转型经济中企业战略剥离的动因.通过对1999-2003年中国上市企业剥离行为的分析,本文发现中国上市企业的剥离行为主要出于战略考虑,包括并购后整合的需要、过度多元化调整的需要以及绩效改进的需要;传统的代理理论则缺乏解释力度.这一结果表明,中国企业已经能够根据战略需要来进行业务重组,同时也呼吁政府和业界加强公司治理,以充分发挥公司治理的作用.     

Preemptive or promotive: The differential impact of strategic leaders’ political connections on firm long-term investment in China

Research on corporate leaders' political connections has remained silent on the impact of heterogeneity of political resources on firm behaviors and of how strategic leaders differentially leverage these resources. We propose that a firm whose chair had ascribed bureaucratic connections as opposed to achieved political connections acquires different types of resources and chair differentially leverages the resources when making long-term investment. These effects are weaker when a firm is performing well. Our analyses of Chinese firms from 2003 to 2016 generally support these predictions. This study contributes to literature on political connections by providing greater specificity with respect to the heterogeneity of political resources and offering new insights into how strategic leaders leverage these resources. This study also contributes to the literature on board chairs and corporate governance by suggesting that when considering a firm's long-term plan, chair plays an important role and it is also important to monitor chair behaviors. Finally, it highlights the role of the interface between strategic leaders and state matters when considering the antecedents of long-term investment.     

Equity versus non-equity international strategic alliances involving Danish firms: An empirical investigation of the relative importance of partner and host country determinants

A substantial literature has evolved focusing on the ownership structure of international strategic alliances (ISAs). Most of the relevant studies are theoretical in nature and concentrate on the conceptual factors that influence the choice between equity and non-equity structures. A smaller number of studies provide some empirical evidence on the importance of some of the conceptual factors. The theoretical literature highlights the potential influence of relational capital and transaction costs as determinants of ISA structure; however, there is little empirical evidence on the relative importance of these potential determinants. Moreover, there is only limited and indirect evidence bearing upon the impact of host country governance attributes on ISA ownership structure. In this study, we provide statistical evidence on the importance of potential determinants of governance mode choice for a sample of ISAs involving Danish firms. Our study documents how the determinants of governance mode choice vary in importance depending upon the “quality” of the governance infrastructure of the host country.     

转型经济背景下竞争压力变化对企业战略变化的影响

以我国转型经济为背景,基于十省市实地调研,采用结构模型方法对竞争压力变化幅度同企业战略变化幅度之间的关系进行了分析和验证.研究结论指出,大幅度的竞争压力变化反而导致企业较小程度的战略调整,这表现出了转型经济背景下中国企业战略变化规律的特殊性.     

Selecting a Portfolio of Technologies: An Application of Decision Analysis

The Department of Energy is faced with the critical and complex decision of selecting technologies for waste site remediation. This research focuses on developing a decision support tool which assists the decision maker to find an optimal portfolio. A portfolio consists of selecting the appropriate processes for a remediation site and, subsequently, selecting a technology for each process so that the decision maker's objectives are achieved. The measures supporting the objectives are risk, life-cycle cost, and time required for remediation. The model uses exponential attribute utility functions with an additive objective function. The model provides the decision maker with estimates of the cost and time distributions, and their associated utility. Cumulative frequency distributions illustrate the dominance of technology choices and the variance in the results. The model permits sensitivity analysis in the form of rainbow and tornado diagrams to display the effects of changes in the values of the input variables. Overall, the model provides a generic technology selection tool that can be used to make better informed decisions and may be easily manipulated to reflect changes in the remediation process.     

智力资本:21世纪旅游饭店战略竞争力的源泉

本文从21世纪旅游饭店战略竞争力角度出发,运用核心能力理论分析饭店持久竞争优势的来源将是对智力资本的开发、利用与保护,这不仅是时代发展的需要,也是饭店业竞争加剧的必然结果.文章还结合智力资本的内容对其作用的更好发挥提出了几点建议.     

战略控股过程:目标企业所有权结构的影响研究

一个企业在另一个企业实现具有控制地位的持股(Holding)具有重要的战略意义。本文采用过程的观点把这种战略控股(Strategic Holding)实现过程分为急进型(Outright)实现控股和渐进型(Incremental)或者顺序型(Sequential)实现控股两种过程类型。本文集中探讨目标企业所有权结构对战略控股实现途径选择的影响。基于中国上市公司数据,我们对129例战略控股过程进行了回归分析。结果显示,目标企业所有权越集中,战略控股的实现过程越倾向于渐进型;政府在推动企业重组进程中起着关键作用;目标企业中员工股份比例较低,对战略控股过程似无影响;作为目标企业持股者,机构持股人的作用无明显倾向。另外,结果显示民营企业作为买方倾向于采取走渐进型的方式来实现对上市公司的战略控股。     

United we stand: HR and line managers’ shared views on HR strategic integration

Based on strategic consensus literature and the strategic integration of HRM, this study hypothesizes that HR and line managers’ shared views on HR strategic integration (i.e., strategic congruence) lead to beneficial organizational outcomes. Drawing on a dyadic sample of 102 organizations, we examine the strategic congruence of line management (LM) and HRM, its joint impact on HRM value, and, in turn, the influence on internal efficiency. In this context, HRM value refers to the perceived importance of the HR function to the organization. Structural equation modeling, polynomial regressions, and response surface methodology show that there is, in fact, a non-linear relationship between strategic congruence and HRM value. Thus, only when the views of the line managers and HR managers are congruent (i.e., in agreement) does the HRM value increase, which, in turn, mediates the effect on internal efficiency. Thereby, we offer new insights into the mechanisms of strategic congruence, the mediating role of HRM value, and firm-level outcomes. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.     

国际战略投资者引进对国有企业绩效影响的评价与实证研究

本文在对战略投资者引进对企业绩效影响及评价理论回顾的基础上,结合国有企业的实际状况,设计了一套能够客观评价引进国际战略投资者带来国有企业绩效改善情况的评价指标体系,并利用来自湖南、湖北、广西、广东四个中部、西部和东部典型省份的138家引进国际战略投资者的国有企业的调研教据,对国际战略投资者引进带来国有企业绩效水平改善情况进行了评价与实证研究.结果显示,引进国际战略投资者的国有企业总体绩效改善水平较好,其中财务业绩提升最显著,董事治理改善次之,最后为经营活动的改善;国际战略投资者的行为表现、行业地位对国有企业绩效产生显著影响;双方互信合作,建立长效的合作机制,是发挥国际战略投资者积极作用的有效保证.     

国内外战略联盟理论研究评述

本文从战略联盟出现的理论阐释、形成、价值创造与分配、组织间关系、联盟管理障碍与联盟管理者等几个方面总结了目前国内外在战略联盟理论研究方面的现状,并进一步指出了其不足以及对今后有关研究方向的建议。     

Making Competitive Cities in the Light of the Meta-SWOT Tool: A Case Study of Tehran,Iran

ABSTRACT

While there is a growing body of scholarship on regional competitiveness, little attention has been paid to the planning methods that can pursue this objective. Public planners are mainly relying on conventional methods that have come under increasing criticism. This study aims to introduce Meta-SWOT as a novel planning tool in urban and regional studies. Meta-SWOT provides competitive and realistic strategies for planners. It systematically tries to present strategies rooted in internal resources and capabilities while acknowledging the challenges posed by the external environment. Nevertheless, it has several limitations that should be considered when applying to urban and regional planning.