Corporate social responsibility as a source of employee satisfaction

Corporate social responsibility has received an increasing amount of attention from practitioners and scholars alike in recent years. However, very little is known about whether or how corporate social responsibility affects employees. Because employees are primary stakeholders who directly contribute to the success of the company, understanding employee reactions to corporate social responsibility may help answer lingering questions about the potential effects of corporate social responsibility on firms as well as illuminate some of the processes responsible for them. To begin our chapter, we provide a brief history of scholarship on corporate social responsibility and highlight some of the major challenges researchers in this area currently face. We then discuss why corporate social responsibility may represent a special opportunity to influence employees’ general impression of their company. Next, we identify four distinct paths through which corporate social responsibility may affect employees’ relationship with their company that correspond to four universal psychological needs: security, self-esteem, belongingness, and a meaningful existence. Finally, we offer an agenda for micro-level research on corporate social responsibility.     

媒体关注下的CSR信息披露与企业财务绩效关系研究及启示——基于我国A股上市公司CSR报告的实证研究

企业社会责任(CSR)及信息披露已成为当前社会各界共同关注的热点问题。本文利用独立机构发布的我国A股上市公司CSR报告的评级数据,验证了当前时代背景下我国企业社会责任信息披露与企业财务绩效的关系,以及作为信息传递媒介和"公众日程设置者"的媒体的关注对于二者关系的影响作用。研究发现,高水平披露社会责任信息的企业的绩效明显高于低水平企业,但是这种作用关系是在媒体关注度这一变量的完全中介作用之下实现的。这一新发现不仅丰富和拓展了企业社会责任及信息披露的理论研究框架,对于基于战略性CSR思维制定相关战略的企业管理者也深具启发意义。     

How The Europeans Got a Head Start on Policies to Promote Global Corporate Responsibility

This article considers the debate over public policies to promote global corporate responsibility in the United States and in Europe. The debate and the response of policymakers is compared along with an explanation of how Europeans are developing a policy response encouraging corporate social responsibility. Finally, recommendations are made for U.S. policymakers based on encouraging ethical behavior around the world.     

公司会计年报中社会责任信息的价值研究——基于内容的专家问卷分析

在本研究中,我们选取了会计年报中有代表性特征的17条社会责任信息作为项目,对参加2006年中国会计学会学术年会的专业学者就会计年报中的社会责任信息的决策价值和公共关系价值进行了问卷调查,通过深入的分析我们得出了有意义的结论。本文为该调查的研究报告。     

The Effects of “Going Private” Using Private Equity: The Newly Private Corporation and the Dimensions of Corporate Performance

The trend toward private ownership of corporations prompts a reexamination of the dimensions of corporate performance under a governance system that includes powerful owners and a reduced public presence. Using insights from corporate social responsibility and stakeholder theories and informed by agency theory, we develop a model regarding the performance implications of public corporations going private through the use of private equity. We put forth that in general going private tends to result in greater emphasis on corporate financial performance and in lesser emphasis on corporate social performance (CSP). Yet several variables, including the firm's capitalization, its post‐going‐private exit strategy, and its managerial discretion, are proposed to moderate the negative relationship between going private and CSP.     

企业领导者的社会责任取向、企业社会表现和组织绩效的关系研究

企业领导者的社会责任取向、企业社会表现和组织绩效存在一定关系。根据以往的研究,企业社会责任取向包括经济取向、法律取向、伦理取向和慈善取向4个维度。在研究中,把企业社会表现拟合为员工、消费者、股东、强制环保、自觉环保、社区和特殊群体7个因子,把组织绩效分为市场绩效、财务绩效和人力绩效3个因子。研究发现,在企业社会责任取向、企业社会表现和组织绩效3者的关系中,企业社会表现起着中介作用。此外,对国外学者设计的企业社会责任取向问卷进行了本土化,并首次将企业社会责任取向、企业社会表现和组织绩效纳入一个研究框架中。     

企业非市场战略理论体系及其内在主导机制研究

基于非市场环境界定了企业非市场战略的内涵;分析了企业政治战略、社会公众及媒体战略和企业社会责任战略等非市场战略类型,以期建立一个完整的非市场战略理论体系。最后,论述了市场与非市场战略内在主导机制的差异,即市场战略由“独特性机制”支配,而非市场战略则靠“合法性机制”来主导。要获得持续的竞争优势和卓越绩效,企业应对市场战略和非市场战略进行协同整合,构建起“市场-非市场”的一体化整合战略。     

基于企业生命周期的企业家社会责任及精神耦合研究

根据企业生命周期不同阶段的特征,在剖析企业家社会责任与企业家精神耦合机理的基础上,通过文献与逻辑分析,得出两者以一定的组合方式可以有效地耦合于企业不同成长阶段的结论,并构建了耦合模式。     

基于员工视角的企业社会责任对工作投入影响的实证研究

构建了企业社会责任、组织认同和工作投入三者之间的研究模型,并基于员工视角将企业社会责任分为员工、消费者和环境3个维度,将组织认同分为认知、评价和情感3个维度,发现企业对员工和消费者履行社会责任对工作投入均呈显著的直接正向影响;履行环境责任对工作投入的直接影响并不显著,但可通过情感性组织认同对工作投入产生显著正向影响。研究结果表明,企业履行社会责任并非负担,而是提升员工工作投入度和向心力的重要内部行销工具。企业亦有必要加强履行社会责任的内部宣传,这样既可增强员工对企业的认同,从文化情感上吸引员工,又可提升员工的工作投入程度。     

Ownership and corporate social responsibility: "The power of the female touch"

Using a sample of 26,029 firm-year observations over the period 2002–2017 from 4,479 firms and 44 countries, we examine the relationship between ownership concentration and corporate social responsibility by focusing on the mediating role of board gender diversity and the moderating role of family shareholding. We find that ownership concentration negatively affects corporate social responsibility, and the board gender diversity partially mediates this negative effect. Our results indicate that the mediating effect of board gender diversity leads to a 10.65 percent decrease in the impact of ownership concentration on corporate social responsibility. Furthermore, moderated path analysis indicates that family shareholding weakens the direct effect of ownership concentration on board gender diversity and its indirect effect on corporate social responsibility. In post hoc analysis, we also document that the effect of gender diversity on the board is more prevalent in high gender-egalitarian societies where women are more involved in decision-making. Our study addresses the strategic role of female board members in increasing firms’ respect for corporate social responsibility, especially in family-controlled firms. Thus, our results may provide insights to regulators and policymakers to enhance firms’ corporate social practices by encouraging women’s participation on corporate boards.     

基于社会网络视角的企业社会责任行为相似性研究

本文利用国泰安数据库和锐思数据库中2010年-2012年的我国上市公司管理层数据、公司财务数据,以及润灵环球责任评级2010年-2012年我国A股上市公司的企业社会责任评级数据,从社会网络的角度出发,探索我国上市公司社会责任履行行为的相似性。研究结果发现,公司之间存在的社会网络会造成企业社会责任履行行为具有一定的相似性。当企业越是处于核心地位,越是容易传播信息,控制能力越强的时候,该公司同与之相关联的公司在社会责任履行行为方面越是具有相似性。这一结论为改善我国企业社会责任履行现状提供了一个全新的思考方向。     

Doing Well by Reporting Good: Reporting Corporate Responsibility and Corporate Performance

This article aimed to examine the impacts of reporting‐type corporate responsibility activities (CRA‐R) on corporate social and financial performance. Academic research has explored how varying attributes of markets, industry sectors and firms might shape corporate social and financial performance, but includes little effort to examine the impacts of different kinds of CRA on corporate performance. We build on debate about the value of firms' reporting activities related to corporate responsibility. Recent literature suggests that CRA‐R is superficial marketing or “greenwashing.” Despite this viewpoint, corporate reporting activities related to responsibility are rising. In order to solve this puzzle, this article explores the impact of CRA‐R on corporate performance. First, drawing from the institutional perspective, we propose that CRA‐R will positively impact corporate social performance (CSP) oriented toward secondary stakeholders. Second, combining the stakeholder–agency perspective and corporate responsibility literature, we motivate the hypotheses that CRA‐R positively influences corporate financial performance (CFP). Empirical testing with a unique dataset of large US corporations selected in the Fortune 500 support the proposed hypotheses. In particular, both corporate social responsibility and Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) activities positively influence corporate environmental performance, and financial performance. In particular, GRI reporting is a strong indicator to impact both social and financial performance. Our findings indicate that CRA‐R should not simply reflect shallow motivations, but deliver value to noninvestor stakeholders as well as investors.     

回收竞争下考虑CSR行为的闭环供应链定价决策及协调

研究考虑企业社会责任(CSR)行为的闭环供应链定价决策及协调问题,分别构建了单个第三方回收及两个第三方回收竞争下的闭环供应链博弈模型,分别从企业与消费者两个视角分析了CSR投入对供应链成员的定价策略及系统总收益的影响,并建立了基于“收益共享”与“回收成本共担”相结合的契约协调模型。研究表明,两个第三方回收商间的适度竞争不仅可以降低产品价格、提升废旧产品回收效率,同时对提高企业的CSR投入水平以及收益水平也起到积极的促进作用。最后,在契约参数的可行性范围内,“收益共享-成本共担”契约在使供应链总收益达到最大的同时,还成功改善了每个成员企业的收益。     

考虑政府补贴与企业社会责任的两级供应链优化

企业社会责任问题日益受到管理者和研究者关注。研究随机需求下由一个供应商与一个零售商组成的分散式供应链，探讨政府补贴对供应链最优生产与社会责任投入决策的影响，并比较分析了分别由供应商与零售商主导下供应链的运作效率。结果表明，在集中式供应链中价格弹性对采购数量和企业社会责任总投入量的影响更为显著；而在分散式供应链中加入政府补贴因素，会使总收益呈现出倒U形的发展趋势，且零售商主导的分散式供应链会因政府补贴的减少表现出迅速下降的趋势；此外增加政府补贴，会使得供应商主导的分散式供应链中的供应商降低其企业社会责任投入，但对于零售商主导的分散式供应链的影响却不大。     

中国情境下企业社会责任与财务绩效关系的实证研究——基于大、中小型上市公司的对比分析

本文以2012年发布的中国500强且在沪深上市的企业为大型企业样本,以中小板上市企业为中小型企业样本,选取各企业2010-2012年会计年报数据,运用结构化方程模型和多元回归分析方法,分别实证检验了大型企业、中小型企业承担社会责任对企业短期财务绩效和长期财务绩效的影响。研究结果表明:(1)无论是大型企业还是中小型企业,承担社会责任都不会引起其短期财务状况的恶化。(2)大型企业和中小型企业的社会责任与长期财务绩效关系的表现不完全相同,大型企业多呈正向关系,中小型企业则负向关系较多。(3)特别值得关注的是,无论大型企业还是中小型企业,对员工和顾客的社会责任与长期财务绩效都呈负相关关系。本文研究揭示了在当前中国情境下企业履行社会责任不容乐观的现状,同时研究结果对于引导企业履行社会责任,促进我国经济社会的健康和谐发展,也具有重要的借鉴价值。     

企业社会责任、媒体报道与股价崩盘风险

理论上企业披露社会责任信息既可能抑制股价崩盘风险,亦可能加剧股价崩盘风险;新闻媒体作为社会责任披露的重要载体在其中既可能弱化也可能强化这种影响,对这些问题的探讨是近年来公司金融领域研究的热点,但学者对当前的研究结果尚存在较多争论。鉴于此,本文首先在理论上导出社会责任披露对股价崩盘风险的双向作用机制,然后引入新闻媒体研究其可能的传导途径。基于我国A股市场所有上市公司2010-2018年面板数据的研究结果显示：上市公司通过披露企业社会责任指数能够显著降低股价崩盘风险;企业履行社会责任会显著增加媒体报道的数量,而媒体报道数量增加能够显著抑制股价崩盘风险,即媒体报道在企业社会责任影响股价崩盘风险的过程中起到中介作用;进一步的拓展研究发现：企业社会责任指数中的股东责任对股价崩盘风险影响最大,而供应商、客户和消费者权益、社会责任的影响不显著;与中性媒体报道相比,正面媒体报道和负面媒体报道的中介作用效果更强。     

Channel Strategies for Durable Goods: Coexistence of Selling and Leasing to Individual and Corporate Consumers

In durable goods markets, such as those for automobiles or computers, the coexistence of selling and leasing is common as is the existence of both corporate and individual consumers. Leases to corporate consumers affect the price of used goods on the second‐hand market which in turn affect the buying and leasing behavior of individual consumers. The setting of prices (or volumes) for sale and lease to individual and corporate consumers is a complicated problem for manufacturers. We consider a manufacturer who concurrently sells and leases a finitely durable good to both individual and corporate consumers. The interaction between the manufacturer and consumers is modeled as a dynamic sequential game, where each player seeks to maximize its own payoff over an infinite horizon. We study how the corporate channel substitutability of new goods and used goods and transaction costs in the second‐hand market affect the manufacturer's pricing decisions, consumer behavior, and social welfare in the retail market. Making a number of simplifying assumptions, including two‐period lifetime for the finitely durable goods, we consider Markov Perfect Equilibrium as the solution concept. We show that the manufacturer can maximize her profit by segmenting consumers according to their willingness to pay. Selling and leasing are the mechanisms used for price discrimination in the retail market. We show that as she leases a larger share of her production to the corporate consumer, (1) the manufacturer does not necessarily have to adjust the optimal selling price of new goods to individual consumers, and the volume of sales of new goods to individual consumers can stay the same; (2) the manufacturer does increase the retail lease price, and the number of individual leases decreases; (3) the net supply of used goods on the market increases, leading to a lower market price for used goods; and (4) more individual consumers are able to participate in the market, and their collective welfare or net utility improves. We also show that as production costs increase the manufacturer increases prices, reducing volumes across all channels. When transaction costs increase, the manufacturer reduces leasing in both corporate and retail channels.     

考虑社会责任的供应链定价与碳减排决策

由于企业社会责任对供应链的可持续发展具有重要影响，所以，针对考虑企业社会责任的供应链管理进行深入研究是十分必要的。在碳总量控制与交易制度下，针对由一个制造商和一个零售商组成的二级供应链，分别分析零售商、制造商领导情形下供应链成员的定价和碳减排决策，并着重探讨零售商的社会（福利）责任关注行为、低碳技术投资效率和消费者环保意识对企业决策和利润（效用）、总消费者剩余以及社会福利的影响。研究表明：零售价格、碳减排水平以及产品销售量可能随着零售商的社会（福利）责任关注度的提高而同时增加；在零售商领导型供应链中，零售商利润的增加并不总是依赖于低碳技术投资效率（消费者环保意识）的提高；在制造商领导型供应链中，零售商的社会责任关注度的提高可使制造商和零售商同时获益，且制造商可能存在先动劣势。     

社会责任消费行为量表研究

在创建和谐社会的进程中,消费者的社会责任日益受到政府和公众的重视.在文献回顾的基础上,界定社会责任消费行为的概念,结合深入访谈的结果初步形成这一概念的构成维度,通过大规模问卷调查建立中国消费者SRCB-China量表.研究发现,社会责任消费行为由9个维度构成,即保护环境、节约能源、保护动物、监督企业和维权、支持企业的负责任行为、抵制企业的反责任行为、支持中小企业、适度消费、支持国货.数据显示,SRCB-China量表具有较好的内部一致性信度、内容效度、收敛效度、区别效度和校标效度.     

不同权力结构下供应链企业社会责任激励

本文以单个供应商和单个零售商组成的两级供应链为对象,假设仅考虑供应商对产品安全方面的社会责任,研究了在供应商主导和零售商主导两种权力配置模式下,供应商履行社会责任程度的差异,以及如何在供应商和零售商间建立合理的契约以激励供应商社会责任的履行。研究发现,相对供应商主导,在零售商主导下供应商会更多地履行社会责任。引入收入共享的事后契约和成本共担的事前契约后,在供应商主导下,两种契约在一定条件下均能有效地激励供应商更好地履行社会责任,但在留存比例与分担比例相等的条件下,成本共担契约的激励效应更强。在零售商主导下,收入共享契约虽能激励供应商的社会责任履行,但因导致零售商的利润下降,故无法达成,而成本共担契约只有在分担足够大时才有激励效应。