群体性事件的情感认知机制分析

群体性事件日益增多,已成为影响社会和谐稳定最突出的问题之一。作为现代社会结构的衍生物和反应物,不满与怨恨已经成为现代社会心理和情感的基调,在对待具有某类特征事件时具有被泛化的情感记忆。情感是社会的多棱角,从中折射社会事实,聚焦社会冲突。群体性事件就是由特定的刺激类型被还原为不公、腐败等原型后所激活的各种思维、情感认知和行为模式。对群体性事件的情感认知机制进行深入探讨,有助于及时疏导不满情绪,引导良性的社会情感认知。     

美国俚语的基本特征及其社会功能

美国俚语的基本特征是立意新奇,幽默生动,富有形象性,易于表达情感,言简意赅等.美国俚语在社会文化中的作用主要为体现说话者的身份、反映一个人的文化价值观、加强社会行业集团中成员之间的关系以及在文艺作品中帮助塑造人物形象等.这些作用,说明了语言的基本属性.     

论逻辑思维的价值取向

逻辑思维在近现代科学技术的形成和发展过程中曾起过十分重要的作用，因而它的地位曾一度被人们所夸大，被视作解决问题的唯一通道。当代人们已开始认识到逻辑思维的局限性。然而，有人却走向另一个极端，出现了对逻辑思维的认知偏误，认为逻辑思维的起点是单一性的前提；认为逻辑思维线索是机械化的程序；认为逻辑思维的步骤是封闭式的推导；认为逻辑思维的结果是蕴含性的知识，等等。实际上，逻辑思维在现代认知活动中占据着十分重要的地位，普通逻辑思维、数理逻辑思维和辩证逻辑思维渗透于人类获取新知识、新理论以及解决新问题的各个领域，具有不可替代的重要价值和功能：一是批判功能；二是指向功能；三是反思功能；四是创造功能；五是预测功能     

初探现代人工物的发展走向

科技与社会的互动是社会变迁的基础 ,而现代人工物则是这一变迁的结果。其中 ,现代人工物的发展已进入新阶段 ,材料应用已开始接近或进入到纳米的层次 ,有机形态已开始接近或进入到生命的重组 ,控制领域已开始接近或进入到人脑的认知思维 ,信息通讯已开始接近或进入到数字地球的新走向。这一结论对预测生活方式的变化和全球化社会变迁的研究具有重要意义。     

汉字认知及左形右声合体字形成和发展的神经心理分析

1、字形是汉字认知心理过程和形声合体字研究的起点 汉字与拼音/字母——音素文字(以下简称音素文字)截然不同,汉字以形写意,而且形声义一体,是平面文字。而音素文字则代表声音,形不写意而写音,是线性文字。重形象是中国人思维的一种习惯,重形(象)也是中国文字的一大特点,二者相互影响,相互作用。 无论是古体的“文”,还是现代的字,都以形为基础,就是占汉字90%以上的形声合体字也是在形的基础上形成和发展的。其实形声字中形旁(符)的重要性是不言而喻的。现代汉字已高度抽象化、符号化,但因为汉字由图画文字发展起来的,它至今仍保留象形象意…     

谈语义研究中成分分析的局限性

成分分析是现代语义学描写语言意义的基本方法之一。该方法在语义研究中既有很大的实用价值又存在明显的缺陷。鉴于成分分析在语义研究中的实用价值前人已多有论述，本文拟重点从认知语言学的角度探讨分析成分的局限和不足。     

在复杂行政环境下领导干部的认知模式探究——以中心城市基层领导干部培训I为考察视角

应对复杂环境是领导干部的职务行为。领导干部在行政实践中积淀形成的稳定而复杂的认知模式,具有模糊认知与精细化结构、认知速度与准确度、个体认知与群体认知、价值规范与量化实证等辩证关系,需要正确运用复杂认知与简化认知、整体认知与分解认知、动态有序和风险预测、理性择优与满意决策、运作权变与注重机制等原则和方法。改善领导干部认知模式需要培养坚定的意志、善于总结和创新、强化多因素认知、沟通训练和执行性能力实训。     

信息社会中教育教学改革的思考——从信息到知识建构、知识到能力生成及智慧转化

信息社会中信息使用的泛化，对现代教育教学产生极大影响。以建构知识、发展能力、形成智慧为主旨的现代教育教学，如何审视从信息到知识建构、知识到能力生成及智慧转化，是教育教学中必须认真思考的重要问题。文章试图厘清其中的逻辑关系，结合认知学习理论及学习建构性质，为教育教学质量建设提供有益的启示。     

非认知要素在主体创新中的作用

主体认识结构作为认知要素与非认知要素的统一,是构成主体的本质力量。尤其是非认知要素,作为创新活动内在动力,是创新活动产生必不可少的条件,具有极其重要的作用。在创新过程中,以灵感、直觉、情感为主而形成的激发、诱导与定向作用,以情感、意志、直觉为主而形成的调节、评价和选择作用,以灵感、直觉、情感、意志为主形成的创新、激励与推动作用,三者相互联结交融,构成了一种内在的合力作用,从而形成一股推动创新向前发展的内在动力。     

语言中的性别歧视

语言是社会的一面镜子 ,反映着社会生活的各个方面。性别歧视作为一种社会现象 ,在许多种语言中都有所表现。本文从社会语言学的角度 ,就英汉两种语言中存在的性别歧视从称谓、俚语、谚语和其他方面作以粗浅的论述。     

On the Social Dimensions of Moral Psychology

Contemporary moral psychology has been enormously enriched by recent theoretical developments and empirical findings in evolutionary biology, cognitive psychology and neuroscience, and social psychology and psychopathology. Yet despite the fact that some theorists have developed specifically “social heuristic” (Gigerenzer, 2008) and “social intuitionist” (Haidt, 2007) theories of moral judgment and behavior, and despite regular appeals to the findings of experimental social psychology, contemporary moral psychology has largely neglected the social dimensions of moral judgment and behavior. I provide a brief sketch of these dimensions, and consider the implications for contemporary theory and research in moral psychology.     

More than a Theory: A New Map of Social Thought

In this article we revisit two different temporal phases related to the publication of Serge Moscovici's book La Psychanalyse, son image et son public, and we examine two key concepts of the theory: cognitive polyphasia and anchoring. The first phase, initiated by the Durkheimian circle, gives us an opportunity to retrieve traces of the intellectual debate about collective psychology and reconsider this debate in today's light. The second, more recent phase, is inspired by classical and modern research in the field of social representation, and it serves us as a basis for a new hypothesis about anchoring. We suggest that the traditional concept of familiarisation attributed to anchoring can also have an opposite significance: it can transmit and guarantee the non‐familiar and so establish strangeness. Finally, we argue that social representations are more than a simple theory, just like the symbol is always more than what it symbolizes.     

James Mark Baldwin: A bridge between social and cognitive theories of development

Traditionally, developmental psychology has been characterized by two approaches, one predominantly social and the other, cognitive. Despite this separatism, develop-mentalists have expressed the need for a better understanding of how these two facets of the person interact - a need for a better account of development within the person as a whole. However, such an integration has been difficult given the incompatibility of underlying assumptions guiding these two areas of inquiry. James Mark Baldwin's integration of social and cognitive development into one theory highlights the utility of historical analyses for further progress in the field. In this paper, Baldwin's dialectical theory of personal growth is placed in historical context, highlighting similarities and differences between his approach and that taken by Piaget, and the legacy of his theory in current theory and research. The importance of self, the development of knowledge in the context of social relationships and the function of imitation are emphasized.     

Toward a Mindful Psychological Science: Theory and Application

It is argued that, toward mitigating the 'centrifugal forces' (Altman, 1987) currently splintering the field of psychology, Langer's (1989, 1997) theory of mindfulness has the potential to become a unifyingframework for the field of psychological science. Toward this end, this article demonstrates the ways in which Langer's work, usually associated with the subfield of social psychology, (a) constitutes a grand theory that advances contemporary developmental theory; (b) has relevance for other basic and applied subfields of psychology (e.g., cognitive, educational, organizational, clinical); and (c) offers practical directives for conceptualizing and treating such social issues as development and remediation of prejudice and discrimination; satisfaction and well-being of adoptive and foster families; and promotion of automobile safety across the lifespan (i.e., the translation of mindless experience into more mindful action).     

The Cognitive Origins of Bourdieu's Habitus

This paper aims to balance the conceptual reception of Bourdieu's sociology in the United States through a conceptual re-examination of the concept of Habitus. I retrace the intellectual lineage of the Habitus idea, showing it to have roots in Claude Levi-Strauss structural anthropology and in the developmental psychology of Jean Piaget, especially the latter's generalization of the idea of operations from mathematics to the study of practical, bodily-mediated cognition. One important payoff of this exercise is that the common misinterpretation of the Habitus as an objectivist and reductionist element in Bourdieu's thought is dispelled. The Habitus is shown to be instead a useful and flexible way to concep-tualize agency and the ability to transform social structure. Thus ultimately one of Bourdieu's major contributions to social theory consists of his development of a new radical form of cognitive sociology, along with an innovative variety of multilevel sociological explanation in which the interplay of different structural orders is highlighted. In keeping with the usual view, the goal of sociology is to uncover the most deeply buried structures of the different social worlds that make up the social universe, as well as the "mechanisms" that tend to ensure their reproduction or transformation. Merging with psychology, though with a kind of psychology undoubtedly quite different from the most widely accepted image of this science, such an exploration of the cognitive structures that agents bring to bear in their practical knowledge of the social worlds thus structured. Indeed there exists a correspondence between social structures and mental structures, between the objective divisions of the social world . . . and the principles of vision and division that agents apply to them (Bourdieu, 1996b[1989], p. 1).     

Alienation as Atrophied Moral Cognition and Its Implications for Political Behavior

I present a theory of alienation that accounts for the cognitive processes involved with moral thinking and political behavior in modern societies. On my account, alienation can be understood as a particular kind of atrophy of moral concepts and moral thinking that affect the ways individuals cognize and legitimate the social world and their place within it. Central to my argument is the thesis that modern forms of social integration—shaped by highly institutionalized, rationalized and hierarchical forms of social life—serve to constrain the moral‐ cognitive powers of subjects leading to a condition of alienation as moral atrophy. This state results from the withering of the subject's internal powers of moral reflection and an overriding predisposition to rely on external value schemas to make sense of moral and political problems. I then present an analysis of alienated moral consciousness and its implications for modern social theory.     

从康德到鲍德里亚——基于“审美距离”的多维解读

距离概念的提出源于对文本的纯审美关注,古典主义美学家康德的"审美无功利"命题为其提供了理论支撑.在现代文学批评中,审美距离理论主要强调主体与文本的一种认知距离.当下文化研究的异军突起,使得对审美距离的阐释不再立足于审美心理与文本接受层面,而是体现为现代个体及其艺术对外在物化现实的审美超越上.在不同的阐释语境中,距离体现并表征着不同的审美文化形态和逻辑.     

Contact Theory Extended: The Effects of Prior Racial Contact on Current Social Ties

Objective . We address methodological limitations in tests of contact theory. Just as importantly, we extend its theoretical focus to behaviors. Linking insights from social and cognitive psychology with contact theory, we hypothesize that prior racial contact will have significant effects on the racial diversity of contemporary social ties. Methods . Using the 1999–2000 Lilly Survey of Attitudes and Social Networks, we conduct univariate and multivariate analyses to test our hypotheses. Results . Those who had experienced prior interracial contact in schools and neighborhoods were more likely, as adults, to have more racially diverse general social groups and friendship circles. They were more likely to attend multiracial as opposed to a uniracial religious congregations, and to be interracially married. In general, these findings applied not only to all Americans, but to whites, African Americans, and Hispanics separately. They did not apply to Asians. Conclusions . Contact theory can and should be extended, rendering it more fruitful for studying race relations. Except when groups are an extremely small percentage of the population, even limited prior contact in multiracial settings appears to have important effects on contemporary social ties. These findings have important policy implications.     

滕尼斯与齐美尔:社会伦理同文化伦理的分流

作为德国社会学的两位奠基人,滕尼斯和齐美尔奠定了截然相反的两种现代伦理生活格局。伦理世界观的分流源于他们各自对时代处境的体验以及对思想史的独特解释。从近代自然法的角度出发,滕尼斯的社会伦理的核心是重建政治社会的秩序与风尚,一切价值最终都要融入社会;与此相反,齐美尔的社会学思考从一开始就以对社会伦理的批评作为前提,他将超越社会的个体生命视作伦理的目的,对他来说,生命不仅意味着身处社会之中的个体具有饱满个性,而且从自身孕育出客观的、适用于他自己的伦理责任。从帝制时期到魏玛时期,德国社会伦理同文化伦理的分流、交织与合流为我们提供了一条理解德国社会学史的清晰主线。