企业规划与信息系统规划战略一致性实证研究

以战略匹配模型(SAM) 及其在企业活动中的过程模型为研究对象,探讨了企业规划(BP) 和信息系统规划( ISP) 战略一致性程度与企业内外环境、企业所采取的竞争战略方向、ISP 的战 略地位以及IT 对企业业绩的贡献等因素间的关系,并运用中国企业数据进行了实证分析. 结 果表明,企业高层的战略规划意识以及利用IT 整合企业资源的能力与BP2ISP 战略一致性程度 和企业业绩密切相关,是企业获取竞争优势的重要因素.     

建立与企业战略相适应的IT战略的路径和方法研究——对UPS和FedEx的战略匹配案例研究

IT技术的广泛应用引起了众多行业戏剧性的变化,企业管理人员越来越发现IT已成为组织的一个战略性要素,如何建立与企业战略相适应的IT战略也成为实业界和学术界讨论的热点问题。本文结合Henderson与Venkatraman提出的战略匹配模型,通过研究UPS与FedEx公司在不同竞争阶段应用相应的IT战略来支持竞争的整个发展过程,指出了UPS和FedEx在不同的环境下运用不同的战略匹配模型来选择与企业战略相匹配的IT战略的途径,从而提出了在不同的竞争环境下,根据企业关注的焦点不同,选择不同的IT战略与企业战略相适应的方法,这一方法将有助于指导企业管理人员制定与企业战略相匹配的IT战略。     

企业信息技术能力及其对信息化成功影响的实证研究——基于RBV理论视角

本文研究目的是探讨企业信息技术能力的构成维度、概念测量以及其实现信息化成功的影响机制.基于我国信息化的实践,作者以企业资源理论(RBV)与以往文献为基础,研究并建立了信息技术能力及其对信息化成功影响的理论模型,认为IT基础设施、IT管理技能以及业务/IT之间关系能力三者共同交互并影响了信息技术在企业中的扩散与吸收.作者通过问卷调查法收集数据,运用结构方程模型进行实证分析,分步骤验证了信息技术能力的概念测量模型以及对信息化成功影响的结构关系模型.本研究将有助于指导企业识别和培育核心信息技术能力.从而实现信息化成功及其推动的持续竞争优势.     

“乐高”世界战略管理模型研究

目前主流教科书中战略管理模型都是以战略规划学派的战略管理模型为基础的,已经越来越难以适应未来战略管理环境。同时,其知识体系太完备,几乎自成体系,脱离于企业日常管理,往往让战略管理者难以把握其重点。本文结合了管理环境的变化趋势与"乐高"世界战略管理的特征,进而尝试性提出适应"乐高"世界需求的战略管理模型,并就战略管理流程与战略要素做了概述。     

电子公共服务战略规划方法研究及实证

从业务层与职能层的角度研究了地方政府电子公共服务战略规划问题.首先,提出一个包括4个阶段15步的战略规划方法,详细讨论了电子公共服务的战略规划过程,并提出研究的理论假设.然后,以问卷调查及年鉴数据为基础,对与战略环境相关的理论假设进行了实证研究.实证研究验证了战略规划方法中所讨论环境影响因素的合理性,支持了文中所提出规划方法的有效性.该方法提出后的应用情况表明,它是科学、合理与可操作的.     

企业持续发展与信息战略

分析了当代企业环境, 指出管理面临的困境, 探讨了出路何在? 说明了IT 的战略意义和规划. 市场全球化、竞争激烈化, 企业由资本经营转向信息经营是当代环境的特点; 管理论空虚, 组织落后, 效率低下是其困境; 出路在于BPR; IT 将对其产生巨大影响, 而IT 的规划又是IT 成功的关键因素. 本文描述了一个IT 规划应含盖的内容.     

基于能力的公司规划与信息系统规划战略关系实证研究

本文基于第五代战略管理理论--"资源能力现",研究影响公司规划(BP)与信息系统规划(ISP)战略关系的关键因素,并采用结构方程模型,利用中国企业调研数据进行了实证分析.结果表明外部市场环境主要影响信息系统规划的战略地位,而形成公司独特能力的企业内部环境,才是BP-ISP战略关系的重要影响因素,它直接决定着IT投资的效益.     

企业战略与信息系统战略规划集成过程研究

随着信息系统在企业中应用的发展、变化以及整个市场环境的变化 ,企业战略规划和信息系统战略规划的集成已经成为必然趋势 .本文在评述集成过程方法的基础上 ,针对信息系统应用不同阶段 ,探讨了不同集成过程的特点 ;并且根据变革时期环境对企业提出的挑战 ,研究了变革时期的集成过程的总体框架和组合模型     

基于质量信息不对称度的消费者效用与企业利润研究

本文回顾并分析了国内外学者关于质量信息不对称以及质量信息不对称度的相关研究成果,通过比较产品质量真实信息与消费者预期质量信息对质量信息不对称度进行了定义.创造性地将质量信息不对称度引入消费者效用和企业利润的研究之中,基于质量信息不对称度、产品质量与产品价格构建了消费者效用模型与企业利润模型,讨论了质量信息不对称度变化对消费者效用与企业利润的影响,分析了质量信息不对称度和消费者偏好变化的经济意义,实例研究验证了本文定义及推理的合理性和有效性.获得了有意义的结论:企业可以通过调整发布的信息量来改变质量信息不对称度追求较大的利润,将产品质量信息不对称度控制在合适的水平才能获得较高的企业利润和消费者效用.     

集团财务战略执行力:纵向价值链的优化与信息集成策略——以中国电子信息产业集团为例

在我国企业集团迅速崛起的发展过程中,集团财务战略是否有效执行至关重要,而制约集团财务战略有效执行的主要原因之一在于信息治理的缺失。本文以案例研究方法对中国电子信息产业集团在IT环境下提高集团财务战略执行力的过程进行了详细考察和深入分析,构建了IT环境下的财务战略执行框架,阐明优化纵向价值链提升集团财务战略执行力的研究思路,为我国企业集团利用IT技术提升财务战略管理能力提供了新的思考。     

Educational Landscapes and Urban Development. Contextual and Spatial Interfaces and Linkages

In the broad sociopolitical discussion on education quality within the last decade, it has become apparent that education is gaining importance for urban development, as well as space and the urban context are important dimensions of education. This becomes particularly evident in concepts for local educational landscapes (Ger. Bildungslandschaften). The young field of research on educational landscapes is currently lacking empirical research from spatial and planning sciences. In the paper, the current state of scientific research on educational landscapes in Germany and Europe and first insights to contextual and spatial interfaces and linkages between education and urban development in general are presented.     

Inventory Models with Continuous and Poisson Demands and Discounted and Average Costs

We develop a new, unified approach to treating continuous‐time stochastic inventory problems with both the average and discounted cost criteria. The approach involves the development of an adjusted discounted cycle cost formula, which has an appealing intuitive interpretation. We show for the first time that an (s, S) policy is optimal in the case of demand having a compound Poisson component as well as a constant rate component. Our demand structure simultaneously generalizes the classical EOQ model and the inventory models with Poisson demand, and we indicate the reasons why this task has been a difficult one. We do not require the surplus cost function to be convex or quasi‐convex as has been assumed in the literature. Finally, we show that the optimal s is unique, but we do not know if optimal S is unique.     

E-governance and Corruption-developments and Issues in Ethiopia

This paper reports the results of a survey of 400 respondents in Ethiopia about factors generating corruption and the potential of e-Governance to mitigate corruption. It is suggested that e-Governance can help not only in weeding out corruption but also in the establishment of sounder government citizen relationships in Ethiopia. While e-Governance cannot cure all the structural factors that breed corruption in the society, strategic implementation of e-Governance can help improve the critical variable in combating corruption-government citizen relationships. It is argued that while e-Governance initiatives can make important contributions to improving public services they can best do so by helping improve overall relationships between governments and citizens.

CEO and Chairperson characteristics and firm performance

This paper focuses on the relationship between Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Chairperson characteristics and firm performance. Specifically, the study examines the association between the characteristics of the CEO and the Chairperson of the board and firm performance. Using a sample of S&P 500 firms, the evidence found suggests that demographic and experience-related characteristics may be associated with the market valuation and financial performance of the firm. In particular, the reported results indicate a positive relationship between the presence of female CEOs or Chairs and firm performance, thus suggesting that gender-based differences may affect the CEO’s/Chairperson’s success. Moreover, the findings concerning the age of the CEO or Chair are mixed, while their experience and quality appear positively related to firm performance. Interestingly, a CEO or Chairperson holding multiple board seats is negatively associated with firm performance, whereas CEO duality has a positive relationship with Tobin’s Q and the return on assets (ROA) of the firm.     

David and Goliath: causes and effects of coopetition between start-ups and corporates

Coopetition (collaboration between competitors) among young firms (i.e. start-ups) and larger, more established firms (i.e. corporates) may be beneficial for both partners as each party typically has something to offer that is missing in the other. Start-ups often develop innovative ideas, are flexible and agile, willing to take risks, and aspire to achieve high growth, but they tend to lack the required resources, capabilities, and knowledge due to their newness and smallness. Corporates have resources, routines, and experience that enable them to work efficiently but lack a certain innovation capability. Research has suggested that coopetition represents an opportunity for start-ups facing restrictions in resources, while corporates benefit from start-ups’ innovative ideas. However, it is yet unknown whether start-ups and corporates engage in coopetition with each other and, if so, how and why they do this. This study seeks to fill this void by exploring the motives of coopeting start-ups and corporates, how they manage their coopetitive relationship, and what implications occur including potential benefits and risks. We present a multiple case study based on qualitative data collected through 70 interviews with Austrian-based start-ups and corporates representing 35 coopetitive partnerships. Discussing the findings based on our data, we propose relationships concerning coopetition and its role to enlarge resource- and technology-bases as well as its role in the development of dynamic capabilities.     

Career orientations and career success among research,and development and engineering professionals

Managing the careers of research, development and engineering (RD&E) professionals is important to the strategic use of RD&E in the economy. Appropriate mechanisms for motivating RD&E professionals will probably emerge as a critical success factor for organizations that want to compete in world markets. This study examines dimensions and levels of career orientation and their correlations with individual and work-related outcome variables among 78 RD&E professionals. The findings reveal a rich diversity of career orientation in RD&E professionals. The data strongly suggest that RD&E professionals are service, lifestyle and security oriented. However, they scored low on technical orientation and entrepreneurship. This paper suggests that the dual career ladder is not an effective device for managing RD&E professionals. Organizations must be careful to provide career paths that retain and motivate workers and, more importantly, find matches between organizational needs and individuals' needs, and restructure jobs accordingly. The authors offer suggestions for future research and identify implications for management.     

Work and shopping overflow — Consequences and differentiation among selected psychological and demographic characteristics

Contemporary individuals are forced to deal with excessive stimulation, which causes an overload in the cognitive and emotional areas. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the possible factors differentiating the perceived level of work and shopping overflow experienced by individuals and consequences of these states. Two psychological variables: cognitive control and sensation seeking, are chosen as potential factors differentiating the perceived levels of overflow. We assume that individuals with high cognitive control and sensation seeking will report lower levels of both types of examined overflows. Experiencing low overflow levels may manifest in the search for additional stimuli, rather than in the desire to limit them. Two indexes of behavior connected to seeking extra stimulation are selected: one belonging to the area of consumer behavior (readiness to participate in the experience economy) and one belonging to vocational behavior (choosing a boundaryless career). The quantitative study is conducted on a sample of 297 management students who are currently employed. The research results support the relation between cognitive control and perceived level of work and shopping overflow. Individuals who can cognitively control the situation and the incoming stimuli report lower levels of overflow. No significant relationship between sensation seeking and the level of overflow is found. The demographic variables that influence the perceived overflow are age and salary for work overflow and age for shopping overflow. As far as consequences of overflow are concerned, a low level of shopping overflow is related to readiness to participate in the experience economy. However, there is no link between work overflow and preferred career pattern. The managerial implications for human resource management and marketing strategy design are discussed.     

Review and reappraisal of modelling and predicting mental workload in single- and multi-task environments

The concept of mental workload has long been recognized as an important factor in individual performance within complex systems. It is documented that either overload or underload may degrade performance, and further affect the efficiency of the whole system. Therefore, systems designers need some explicit models to predict the mental workload imposed on individuals by the system at an early design phase so that alternative system designs can be evaluated. In examining mental-workload literature, it is found that few predictive mental-workload models have considered factors specific to individuals. This research aims to develop a practical framework for predicting mental workload in both single- and multi-task environments considering such individual factors. In order to describe mental workload more precisely and more completely, a framework for mentalworkload definitions, which contains instantaneous workload, average workload, accumulated workload, peak workload and overall workload, is proposed. In order to model individual factors, two new variables, i.e. effective workload and ineffective workload, are introduced to model the taskgenerated workload and individual-generated workload. The extension of the model to multi-task environments is also discussed. The proposed conceptual models are domain-independent and could be used to guide the development of operational models for different specific tasks.