古代中国的自我认同——以"仁"为中心的考察

本文从自我认同的角度,以"仁"为中心,描绘了一幅古代中国自我认同的路线图,考察并探讨了两个关键性问题儒家自我的道德内涵以及古代中国的自我(己)与家、国、天下的关系.文章指出,就"古代中国的自我认同"而言,前者揭示的是自我认同的价值来源,而后者则呈现出道德价值和现实世界的复杂关系.简洁地说,作为"仁"的来源,孝悌、"爱人"的观念,与自我认同的确立密切相关;作为"仁"的实施,推己及人与克己复礼开辟了自我认同的实践途径;而作为"仁"的扩展,在"己"与家、国以及天下建立关系的同时,也为自我认同的延伸指明了方向.     

原生论与建构论:当代西方的两种族群认同理论

西方的族群研究文献甚多,人类学、社会学和政治学都有涉及。归纳起来,关于族群认同的理论大致可分为"原生论"与"建构论"两种,这两种理论的分野也造就了当代西方族群研究以及相关问题研究的分殊。"原生论"强调族群认同的定在、稳固和持续。"建构论"则反对固定、僵化的族群认同理论,认为族群认同是建构的、流动的,并随着特定的政治、经济和社会过程而改变。尽管一直存在争论,但二者其实是从不同角度揭示了族群认同的属性,因此,从综合的角度来看此问题应该更为妥当。     

个人观念的变迁:埃利亚斯《个体的社会》思想分析

埃利亚斯在《个体的社会》中指出,个人与社会并不是两个相互独立的实体,必须实现从传统的实体思维转向关系思维来探究这两者之间的相互关系。同时,个人具有社会性与个体性的两大面向,它们是辩证统一的。在历史的发展变迁中,个人认同经历了传统的"我们认同"向现代的"个人认同",再向更高层次的"我们—自我平衡"的认同变迁。     

豪门叙事与都市现代性的隐喻:《上海的金枝玉叶》与《天津卫的金枝玉叶》之比较

陈丹燕的《上海的金枝玉叶》与林希的《天津卫的金枝玉叶》都运用了"城与人"相互指涉的文学构思模式,以都市豪门的命运沉浮讲述城市的历史与未来。南北两座城市共同的殖民历史以及创作者的地域文化自觉形成了两个文本共同的"东方史诗性"美学追求。但南北两个大都市以及创作者投射其中的情感价值又有本质区别,代表了近代以来殖民环境下中国都市现代性的诉求差异,一种是对西方文明的有限认同,追求文化共性和融合;一种是认别,强调文化差异和自我。     

新中国成立之初的外交形象塑造

面对驱除旧中国屈辱的外交形象和赢得国际社会理解与认同的要求 ,新中国提出了主动塑造外交新形象的思想 ,设计了新的外交形象的基本内涵 ,规定了塑造者的基本素质 ,确立了塑造的基本原则 ,对外交形象作了全新的塑造 ,使新中国获得了并不完全与国力相称的良好的外交形象     

"农民工"称谓对民工认同状况的影响

本文以"农民工"这一称谓为切入点,探讨了民工对"农民工"称谓的基本态度及"农民工"称谓对于他们社会认同所产生的影响.作者认为,政府与社会要高度重视农民工的认同问题,并要积极引导民工调整策略,化解消极的社会认同,作者还建议通过改变农民工称谓、转变农民工身份以及"设置超级目标"等途径,改善群际关系,实现社会公正.     

重建基础性社会认同与新的集体合作能力(英文)

与新时期"社会建设"的目标相联系,"社会认同"的话题开始凸显。我们认为,构建和谐社会的社会学探索需要关注"社会自我调适系统"和"新的集体合作能力"的生成,这其实也是新时期社会认同再结构的过程。基础层面的社会认同涉及福利渗透、意义系统和社会组织三个领域,如何把握好当前社会认同基础性领域之间的关系构成,并了解它们之间的配合机制对社会整合以及社会生活新秩序的影响,是"社会建设"中一个非常重要的问题。     

从台湾客家小说看“大地之母”形象塑造

透过台湾客家小说的阅读视野,最能体现客家族群文化性格的人物,当属有着"大地之母"美誉的客家女性。这种族群形象与性格的生成,一是与客家女性在移垦社会生存方式中的族群角色定位直接相关,二是与她们爱乡爱土的大地情感和生命意识分不开,究其根源,皆来自于客家女性对农耕文化的生命认同。     

“老字号”的文化特质:记忆隐喻与空间认知的维度

"老字号"不仅是一种品牌和一类企业,同时也是城市文化与社会生活的符号象征。人们能够通过感观体验对"老字号"形成认同,其深层原因在于"老字号"背后的记忆隐喻以及人们对"老字号"的空间认知。     

俄国“熊”眼中的中国“龙”——基于中国文化软实力调查数据的分析

本文的基础是1061份在俄罗斯境内进行的社会调查问卷,问卷根据美国学者约瑟夫·奈提出的"软实力"概念所设计,力图从社会文化、社会制度、价值观、外交关系等主要层面的吸引力和影响力出发,考察中国文化软实力在俄罗斯民众中的认知与认同。调查结果显示,俄罗斯对中国的认知度和认同度正在不断提高,中国软实力在俄罗斯具备良好的发展基础。中俄两国在价值观层面有较大的共识,在制度层面没有明显的敌视和排斥,中国文化与中国的社会发展成就对俄罗斯民众具有相当的吸引力,俄罗斯民众对中俄关系也给予普遍赞同。但受访者对中国制度方面的认知有偏差,对中国存有一定的戒心,对中国人的诚信和中国产品质量问题抱有疑虑。论文力图多维展现中国在俄形象,并探其缘由,为完善中国国家形象提供一些思考和建议。     

The Retirement Provisions in China,Hong Kong,Singapore and Taiwan: Perspectives on Policy Inputs and Social Outputs

This paper aims to develop an integrated policy index system using a Surface Measure of Overall Performance (SMOP) approach to comprehensively evaluate and compare the policy input and social output of the retirement payment system in urban and rural China, Hong Kong, Singapore and Taiwan. With this, a tool may be developed to help insightfully examine the old‐age income policies and appropriately, and perhaps theoretically in the future, categorize the types of retirement provisions or social security policies as a whole in the East and West. The results indicate that, particularly in urban China, Hong Kong, Singapore and Taiwan, a low level of de‐familization and medium and high levels of gender equality are the common features of these five pensions in China, Hong Kong, Singapore and Taiwan. Furthermore, it is found that the retirement provisions in China, Hong Kong, Singapore and Taiwan can well be divided into two groups based on the level of pension right protection and illustrate different characteristics between them accordingly. In addition, policy implications and suggestions for further reforms of these retirement payment schemes are elaborated in the light of the findings of this policy index system.     

Relationships among the civic awareness,mobilization, and electoral participation of elderly people in Hong Kong

Given the significance of the elderly population in the burgeoning democratic politics of Hong Kong, research is necessary to elucidate the basis for elderly people’s electoral participation. Furthermore, questions regarding impacts of mobilization, and civic awareness on the participation are of important concern. In response to the questions, the present study is the first one surveying a representative sample of 831 Chinese elderly people (aged > 60) in Hong Kong. Using causal modeling techniques, it identified latent variables of civic awareness (including exposure to media on public affairs and political knowledge), electoral participation, and mobilization by politicians and estimated their relationships. Results showed that civic awareness had a strong effect on electoral participation and mobilization also had some significant effect. Electoral participation also appeared to be a function of the elderly person’s education, age, sex, community attachment, and membership in an elderly center. These findings suggest that Hong Kong elderly people’s electoral participation is subject to influence of power, both internally through civic awareness and education and externally through mobilization.     

The Public's Changing Perceptions of the Condition of Social Welfare in Hong Kong: Lessons for Social Development

In the aftermath of the Asian financial crisis, the Hong Kong government introduced welfare reforms to ease the pressure from fiscal challenges and swelling welfare rolls; at the same time, to maintain its development credentials, it made an effort to adhere to its colonial tradition on the provision of welfare. The government adopted various strategies to garner popular support for promoting economic development as the primary goal and for promoting social harmony under the concept of ‘helping people to help themselves’. This article examines Hong Kong people's changing perceptions of the condition of social welfare in the past decade. Using a multidimensional developmental welfare approach and data from two opinion surveys conducted in 1997 and 2008, the study finds that Hong Kong people expressed a relatively high level of satisfaction about their own lives, but varying degrees of reservation about the problem of poverty, government provision of social welfare, and opportunities for social mobility. As a result of the sectorally unbalanced welfare reforms, which are biased against the disadvantaged, some of these perceptions have become more negative in recent years. Socially vulnerable people, especially the lower classes, are now more critical of the condition of social welfare, and such feelings seem to be intensifying. It is thus suggested that special attention to the issue of class should be paid in social development programmes to ensure social equality and social justice.     

新管理主义时代香港社会福利领域NGO之发展

全球第三部门正处在发展的十字路口,面临转型的挑战。本文运用个案研究方法,试图探讨20世纪90年代以来新管理主义如何影响香港社会福利领域NGO的发展。研究发现,尽管新管理主义的价值观已深植于NGO领域,但不同个案机构对其影响的回应不尽相同;组织的社会倡导价值对于市场化价值的妥协在本研究中虽有体现,但如何使商界更加关注社会福利的改善正日益成为香港NGO实践其倡导价值的新关注点。     

Renewed Conception of Harmonious Society,Governance, and Citizenship – Evidence from the Study of Chinese Perceptions in Hong Kong

This paper aims at constructing a modern theoretical conception of a harmonious society and testing it in relation to governance and citizenship rights, based on an empirical study of Chinese people’s perceptions in Hong Kong. It is proposed that a harmonious society can be defined as “a society in which the component parts are integrative and cooperative; even if there is conflict, it can be resolved within the established mechanisms and does not interrupt the orderly functioning of society.” This study investigates the social, economic, and political aspects and their related institutions in the renewed conception of harmonious society. Overall, less than two‐fifths of the respondents felt that Hong Kong was a harmonious society. The strength of governance in Hong Kong is its sound and trustworthy institutions; the weaker elements are social and interpersonal relations. This finding is in contrast to the traditional notion, which regards social harmony as harmonious social and interpersonal relationships. It is clear that the greatest challenge for the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government is the need to rebalance the interests of big business and those of labor and the lower class in order to enhance the perception of a harmonious society among its citizens.     

Local worker discretion within non-governmental organisations: social integration,social control,or innovation?

Abstract

This paper focuses on the dynamics of frontline organisational practice and examines how non-governmental organisations (NGOs) act as an intermediary between people and the state. It explores how workers in NGOs in the Pearl River Delta are responding to the needs of local migrant populations including rural-to-urban migrants and foreigners within mainland China, cross-border ‘new arrival’ Chinese and ethnic minorities in Hong Kong. We examine how government policy imperatives that relate to (im)migrants within the wider region are operationalised in strategic and direct practice, drawing on the theory of street-level bureaucracy to guide the analysis of primary data collected in two cities (Hong Kong and Guangzhou) during 2014. Key findings provide evidence of discretionary agency in both locations although the broader scope for an agency is evident in Hong Kong than Guangzhou. Implications for future practice are discussed within the context of increasingly restrictive political and social environment within the region.     

The politics of community arts: quilting the power and identity of women

This article attempts to articulate and re-validate the unique social contributions of marginalized and working women to their communities and to society-at-large, contributions which tend to be obscured if not forgotten, given the global dynamics of exclusion as they are at work in the capitalist society of Hong Kong. It looks at how a group of disenfranchised women workers renegotiate their identity, reclaim their dignity and regenerate social power through a community arts project ‘Quilting the Power and Identity’; that is, how through these creative but powerful actions, their transformation from a transient state of imposed victimhood into active agency could be made possible.     

The power to change: Muslim women’s rights movement and the resistance towards gender-based violence

Abstract

Under transnational migration, migrant women are not confined by the new host society; the unbreakable attachments to the home society constantly affect and shape these women’s perceptions of their gender and position in the host society. As a result of the growing number of Muslim migrant women, both Muslim and non-Muslim communities have begun to be aware of and recognise the rights of Muslim women and the violence that occurs. Yet, unlike international experiences of Islamic feminist groups being established to promote Muslim women’s rights, an increasing number of local women’s rights groups have started to work with Islamic faith-based organisations to disseminate the idea of women’s rights in Muslim communities. With a lack of studies regarding Muslim migrant women in Hong Kong, this article draws on the significance of international studies on culture, religion and migration to understand the situation in Hong Kong. By analysing the social and political influences on minority integration, this article seeks to uncover the capacity of the Muslim women’s rights movement in guarding against gender-based violence in Hong Kong.     

A systematic review of studies on ethnic minority youth development in Hong Kong: an application of the ecological framework

Abstract

Ethnic minority young people play a significant role in the socio-economic growth of an ageing society with a decreasing fertility rate. The successful social integration of individuals with diverse cultural backgrounds within a society is a core value of the social work profession. This study examines the understanding of ethnic minority youth development in Hong Kong using a systematic review methodology. Risk prevention and positive promotion factors were identified using Bronfenbrenner’s ecological framework. Articles were searched through multiple databases in English, and 36 academic articles were reviewed. These studies mainly examined the risks of academic failure of these students in Hong Kong while few focused on the positive directions of multidimensional youth development. Future social work research and practice should examine positive youth development for ethnic minorities which can inform social work practice in Hong Kong and within other East Asian traditionally ethnically homogeneous societies undergoing significant changes in ethnic diversity.     

Multicultural social work practice and South Asian migrants in Hong Kong

This paper explores how multicultural social work responds to the needs and structural issues faced by South Asian migrants in Hong Kong. Three working approaches, namely, the problem-solving approach, the strengths-based approach, and the rights-based approach are identified from our empirical data. The analyses demonstrate the generally insufficient awareness of the practice in critically addressing existing policies and power relations based on race. Moreover, there is a lack of critical reflection on the notion of culture and social workers’ ethnocentric biases. This paper argues that this insufficient awareness could lead to reinforcement of the existing social exclusion of ethnic minorities in Hong Kong. Using Hong Kong as an example, this paper reflects on the implications of applying Western-based literature and practice model in a non-Western society.