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1.
The effect of immigration on the labor market performance of native-born workers: some evidence for Spain 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
Raquel Carrasco Juan F. Jimeno A. Carolina Ortega 《Journal of population economics》2008,21(3):627-648
This paper provides an approximation to the labor market effects of immigrants in Spain, a country where labor market institutions
and immigration policy exhibit some peculiarities, during the second half of the 1990s, the period in which immigration flows
accelerated. By using alternative data sets, we estimate both the impact of legal and total immigration flows on the employment
rates and wages of native workers, accounting for the possible occupational and geographical mobility of immigrants and native-born
workers. Using different samples and estimation procedures, we have not found a significant negative effect of immigration
on either the employment rates or wages of native workers.
相似文献
A. Carolina OrtegaEmail: |
2.
How to partly bounce back the struggle against illegal immigration to the source countries 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Recent models on the dynamics of immigration control claim that tightening internal borders may trigger the formation of networks supporting clandestine foreign workers. This may, in turn, increase the overall stock of illegal immigrants in the economy. One possible solution to this threatening situation might be to partly bounce back the struggle against illegal immigration to the source countries. This paper suggests that under certain conditions, the receiving country should direct some of the resources earmarked for coping with the problem of the illegal flow of workers to financially supporting the source countries, allowing them to compete among themselves for such aid. This support would be allocated according to the relative effort made by each source country in curbing illegal immigration, thereby motivating them to moderate the phenomenon. The model is also applicable to other fields of negative externalities, such as the smuggling of drugs and weapons, terrorism, and pollution.
相似文献
Tikva LeckerEmail: |
3.
Michael Haan 《Population research and policy review》2008,27(6):751-771
In recent years, successive cohorts of immigrants to Canada have experienced a striking level of deterioration in their economic
well-being. At the same time, more immigrants than ever before are choosing to live in Montréal, Toronto, or Vancouver, Canada’s
three-first-tier or ‘gateway cities’. This paper uses instrumental variable regression techniques to determine the extent
to which gateway city clustering is related to immigrant economic well-being. It identifies whether employment status, earnings,
and employment suitability would significantly improve if more immigrants chose to live outside of Canada’s three gateway
cities. The results suggest that, for the most part, although immigrants do worse than the native-born in gateway cities,
they do experience marginally higher earnings than their non-gateway counterparts. Income and unemployment rates are higher
for immigrants in gateway cities than they are for the native-born, but the gateway/non-gateway disparity is minimal. Levels
of employment mismatch are substantially higher in gateway cities, compared to both the gateway city native-born population,
and non-gateway immigrants. An analysis of the data shows that only marginal improvements to economic well-being would result
from an increase in non-gateway immigration, and that there are other factors, like race or skin colour, that seem to be more
closely linked to labour market success.
相似文献
Michael HaanEmail: |
4.
The dynamics of immigrant welfare and labor market behavior 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper analyzes transitions into and out of social assistance, unemployment, and employment. We estimate a dynamic multinomial
logit model, controlling for endogenous initial condition and unobserved heterogeneity, using a large representative Swedish
panel data set. The empirical results suggest that particularly refugee immigrants display a greater degree of “structural”
state dependence than natives. The high welfare participation rates among refugee immigrants may be due to the existence of
a “welfare trap”, while participation among natives and non-refugee immigrants is largely due to permanent unobserved characteristics.
These results suggest that welfare reforms may have differential effects on refugee immigrants and natives.
相似文献
Magnus LofstromEmail: |
5.
Wen-Jen Tsay 《Journal of population economics》2006,19(4):749-767
The social status and well-being of political immigrants’ children are seldom touched upon in literature. This paper focuses on the impact of refugee experience on the relative educational attainment of second-generation immigrants in Taiwan. In contrast with the results in van Ours and Veenman (J Popul Econ 16(4):739–753, 2003) and Riphahn (J Popul Econ 16(4):711–737, 2003) who showed that second-generation immigrants lag behind their native counterparts, this paper’s principle finding is that the father’s immigration status can help his children achieve a higher educational qualification than native Taiwanese after controlling the relevant determinants of educational attainment, including parental background and the neighborhood where the interviewee grows up. In addition, women born in the earlier cohort benefit more by their fathers’ immigration status than their male counterparts do. However, Taiwanese schooling advances across generations are impressive, whereby the gap in schooling attainment between second-generation immigrants and native Taiwanese is found to decline over time.
相似文献
Wen-Jen TsayEmail: Fax: +886-2-27853946 |
6.
Asadul Islam 《Journal of population economics》2009,22(1):199-217
This paper examines the substitutability or complementarity between Canadian-born and immigrant workers. These are examined
by estimating a set of wage equations using a generalized Leontief production function. The paper finds that, in general,
there is no displacement of Canadian-born workers by immigrants. Recent immigrants affect the native-born positively, while
older immigrants are neither substitute nor complement for natives. However, the effects differ across industries. Overall,
the evidence that immigrants harm the opportunities of native-born workers is scant.
相似文献
Asadul IslamEmail: |
7.
Kræn Blume Mette Ejrnæs Helena Skyt Nielsen Allan Würtz 《Journal of population economics》2009,22(4):881-908
In developed countries, immigrants are more likely to be nonemployed and self-employed compared to natives. Based on register
data of male immigrants in Denmark, we performed a detailed investigation of the immigrant–native difference in transition
patterns across labor market states. We find that a high proportion of immigrants from non-Western countries tend to be marginalized
relative to natives, and they tend to use self-employment to escape marginalization.
相似文献
Allan WürtzEmail: |
8.
Timothy J. Hatton 《Journal of population economics》2005,18(4):719-740
Since the 1970s Britain has gone from being a country of net emigration to one of net immigration, with a trend increase in
immigration of more than 100,000 per year. This paper represents the first attempt to model the variations in net migration
for British and for foreign citizens, across countries and over time. A simple economic model, which includes the selection
effects of differing income distributions at home and abroad, largely accounts for the variations in the data. The results
suggest that although improved economic performance in the UK relative to overseas has tended to increase immigration, rising
UK inequality has had an even larger effect. Immigration policies at home and abroad have also increased net immigration,
particularly in the 1990s.
相似文献
Timothy J. HattonEmail: |
9.
Too many migrants, too few services: a model of decision-making on immigration and integration with cultural distance 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We model the political demand for immigrants as a trade-off that native voters face between having services, assumed to be
produced only by unskilled and nonassimilated immigrants, and experiencing disutility due to the immigrant workers having
a culture different from the native culture. Immigrants decide whether to integrate into the native culture. We show that
if services are priced according to per unit costs, the market demand for immigrants will exceed the political demand. Market
forces then lead to higher services prices, implying that the initially allowed number of immigrants is ‘politically’ too
large.
相似文献
Lex MeijdamEmail: |
10.
How important is homeland education for refugees’ economic position in The Netherlands? 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
We use data on refugees admitted to The Netherlands that include registration of education in their homeland by immigration
officers. Such data are seldom available. We investigate the quality and reliability of the registrations and then use them
to assess effects on refugees’ economic position during the first 5 years after arrival. The most remarkable finding is the
absence of returns to higher education.
相似文献
Aslan ZorluEmail: |
11.
This paper studies natives’ economically motivated preferences over different levels of immigration of low-income earners. Immigration affects natives through both intra- and intergenerational redistribution programmes and in the labour market. Our analysis suggests, in a welfare state that looks after the poor and the aged, economic motivation does not necessarily lead a native to have an extreme opinion on the preferable level of immigration, although it causes disagreement among natives. We find, regardless of parameter values, high-income earners prefer at least as much immigration as low-income earners who, in turn, prefer at least as much immigration as pensioners. The median voter is then likely to be a low-income native.
相似文献
Yuji TamuraEmail: Fax: +44-24-76523032 |
12.
Alexander Kemnitz 《Journal of population economics》2006,19(2):299-313
This paper shows that the admittance of immigrants who are on average less skilled than natives can be part of a support-maximizing government policy despite a general political bias in favour of the poor. We make this point in a simple model with redistributive unemployment insurance. Once wage contracts are binding, the government has an incentive to increase the unemployment benefit, which leads to excessive unemployment. Affecting the political balance within the constituency, immigrants can serve as a commitment device against this time inconsistency. We show that this possibility can be greatly promoted by restrictions on political naturalization.
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Alexander KemnitzEmail: Phone: +49-621-1811798Fax: +49-621-1811794 |
13.
Sarit Cohen-Goldner Chemi Gotlibovski Nava Kahana 《Journal of population economics》2009,22(4):983-1003
This paper presents a two-period human capital investment model, which is used to study the optimal investment decisions of
credit-constrained married immigrants relative to single immigrants and native couples facing a perfect capital market. The
model predicts that: (1) The comparative advantage in investment in local skills of one of the spouses may emerge from his/her
higher growth rate of imported human capital. (2) The optimal investment of each spouse is non-increasing in the level of
imported human capital of the spouse with the comparative advantage in investment, while it is non-decreasing in the level
of imported human capital of the other spouse. (3) When two immigrants get married, the spouse with the comparative advantage
in investment invests more than when he/she was single whereas the other spouse invests less.
相似文献
Nava KahanaEmail: |
14.
Studies of immigrants' destination language acquisition to date have focused on the individual. In contrast, this paper is
concerned with the relationships among family members in the determinants of destination language proficiency among immigrants.
A model of immigrant language proficiency is augmented to include dynamics among family members. It is tested using data on
a sample of recent immigrants. Children are shown to have a negative effect on their mother's language proficiency, but no
effect on their father's. There is a substantial positive correlation between the language skills of spouses. This is due
to the correlation between spouses in both the measured and the unmeasured determinants of destination language skills, even
when country of origin fixed effects are held constant.
相似文献
Paul W. MillerEmail: |
15.
This paper discusses the question of whether or not the high incidence of poverty among immigrants in Norway persists even
after immigrants have been in the country for a long period, i.e. after they have had the opportunity to integrate and adapt
their skills to the expectations in their new home. While similar to traditional studies of wage assimilation, a study of
assimilation in relation to poverty propensity nevertheless measures something different than labor market assimilation, and
this represents the main innovation of this study. Analysis of assimilation with respect to poverty focuses on welfare for
the lower end of the income distribution and for all individuals, regardless of their relationship with the labor market.
It can therefore be seen to better reflect the degree to which immigrants as a whole are able to achieve at least the minimum
necessary to participate in the life of their new home and avoid difficulties later on.
相似文献
Rolf AabergeEmail: |
16.
Anna Piil Damm 《Journal of population economics》2009,22(1):145-174
This paper exploits a Danish spatial dispersal policy on refugees, which can be regarded as a natural experiment to investigate
the influence of regional factors on recent immigrants’ location choices. The main push factors are lack of co-nationals and
immigrants. Additional push factors are lack of rental, including social, housing and lack of institutions for qualifying
education, which explain why recent immigrants are attracted to large cities. Finally, placed refugees tend to leave locations
with relatively high regional unemployment, and there is indirect evidence of welfare seeking.
相似文献
Anna Piil DammEmail: |
17.
Minorities such as ethnic and immigration groups have often been subject to exclusion through labor market discrimination, residential and employment segregation policies, business ownership regulations, restrictions on political participation, access to public services, and more. This paper studies the dynamics of minority exclusion. From the viewpoint of the dominant majority, the exclusion decision balances the motive to redistribute income in its favor and the interest in avoiding potential civic unrest or even violent confrontation with the minority. The analysis also has implications for immigration policies, suggesting that they have to take this group dynamics into account.
相似文献
Maurice SchiffEmail: |
18.
We propose a method for computing indicators of the relative success of local authorities at integrating new immigrants in
the labour market, taking account of differences in characteristics of immigrants and local labour markets. The indicator
for integration success is based on mean duration from date of residence permit to start of an employment spell. We apply
this method to a Danish administrative dataset. Correcting for differences in immigrant characteristics and local labour market
conditions has an important impact on the estimated ranking of local authorities. We investigate how robust the ranking is
with respect to changes in the specification of criteria for integration success and controls.
相似文献
Eskil HeinesenEmail: |
19.
Lena Nekby 《Journal of population economics》2006,19(2):197-226
This study analyzes emigration propensities for natives and immigrants delineating among immigrant emigrants between return and onward migration. Results indicate that emigrants are positively selected in terms of upper education. Well-educated immigrants have a higher probability of leaving for third-country destinations than returning to countries of origin. Predicted age–income profiles for immigrants show that return migrants have higher adjusted mean income levels than non-emigrants up to the age of 40. Onward migrants have lower predicted income levels across the age distribution due to this group’s composition and relatively low employment levels in Sweden. Separate estimations by region of origin indicate that within each group, onward migrants are more positively selected then return migrants in terms of income.
相似文献
Lena NekbyEmail: Fax: +46-44-8159482 |
20.
We estimate models of employment an earnings for a sample of white and non-white male immigrants drawn from the Labour Force
Survey between 1993 and 2004. Immigrants who arrived to enter the labour market (labour market entrants) are distinguished
from those who arrived to complete their education (education entrants). Diverse patterns of labour market assimilation are
found depending on ethnicity and immigrant type. Amongst labour market entrants, whites do better than non-whites, whilst
amongst education entrants, highly qualified prime-age non-whites perform as well as their white counterparts. Relative to
white natives, labour market outcomes for all immigrant groups have a tendency to decline with age.
相似文献
Joanne LindleyEmail: |