蔡元培“以美育代宗教说”的价值结构分析

蔡元培的"以美育代宗教说"不仅是一个重要的现代美学命题,更是现代中国一个极具诱惑力的文化现代性主张;既是一个启蒙现代性方案,又具有审美现代性的内涵;既深受西方现代思想的影响,又难掩文化保守主义倾向;既包含终极追求精神,又体现出世俗关怀的抱负.这些价值矛盾的生成是同中国社会思想文化的复杂生存形态及其发展路径紧密相关的.     

第三种现代思风--中国现代学再思考

当前反思中国文学的现代性传统,可以从若干具体途径着手,例如考察文学现代性体验、分期、语言特征、代表人物及其作品等。我这里想说的是一种总体视野或基本眼光的变迁:中国文学现代性反思应当毫不犹豫地越出单纯的文学地盘,而延伸和拓展到更广更具关联性的文化视野中,这就是“     

现代性研究的方法论选择——从哈贝马斯的现代性理论出发

由于现代性的多维度性,对现代性的讨论可以采用不同的话语形式。哈贝马斯区分了现代性的社会学话语、美学话语、哲学话语等话语形式,虽然他对美学现代性持一定的认同态度,但是其对现代性的考察仍然固守在主体理性的维度上,通过改造近代以来的主体性哲学传统挽救现代社会的规范形式。从哈贝马斯对现代性三种话语形式的区分,及其从主体理性出发对现代社会规范形式的挽救中,我们可以得出现代性研究的方法论选择。现代性的多维度性决定了现代性研究不能采取"本质主义"和"多元主义"的方法,而应采取"视角主义"的方法。     

全球化与现代性的关系之辨--从地方性的角度看

20世纪90年代中期以后热闹起来的"全球化"讨论,在一定程度上取代了此前的"现代性与后现代性之争".但是,全球化与现代性之间又是怎样的关系呢?这是我们无法回避的一个关键问题.本文首先概述了目前学界有关这个问题的三种不同主张,它们分别认为全球化是现代性的结果、全球化是现代性的终结以及全球的多种现代性.但是,仅从一般而抽象的角度,并不能深入探索全球化与现代性之间的内在关系.所以,本文接着从现代性与全球化建构地方性的不同方式入手,尝试着展示它们之间的连续性与断裂性.通过揭示"自上而下的全球化"中所包含的讹诈,本文主张我们应当践行一种"自下而上的全球化"方案,也就是一种重新本体化.这不仅能使我们克服无家可归的状态,而且也有助于我们在全球化进程中采取自觉的行动.     

法兰克福学派社会批判理论与当代中国现代性建构

由于时代境遇和问题关注的共通性,法兰克福学派社会批判理论对于当代中国现代性建构具有重要的思想启示.法兰克福学派的新型人学立场,有助于我们确立现代性建构的合理价值;法兰克福学派所具有的"反思启蒙"与"重新启蒙"的问题意识,有助于我们调整现代性建构的致思方向;法兰克福学派所确立的"超越现代性"与"重建现代性"的实践目标,有助于我们把握现代性建构的方向;法兰克福学派融批判与建构于一炉的研究方式,有助于当代中国现代性建构的合理选择.     

论马克思主义中国化开启的现代性意蕴

马克思主义中国化和中国对现代性的诉求、消化与建构存在着密切的关联。中国共产党是在半封建半殖民地的历史境遇中接受马克思主义的现代性启蒙与教育,由于马克思主义理论本身具有的开放性和世界性意识,中国共产党在马克思主义的现代性指导过程中,具体、科学和有效地结合中国社会发展的实际状况,实现了对西方现代性的"本土化"与"中国化"的转换,彻底摆脱了对现代性的模仿与焦虑;同时清醒地认识和解决了对被各种主义、话语、框架、叙事等掩盖的实事与问题,特别是那些本己的实事与问题,开启真正的自我理解的现代性道路,彰显出马克思主义中国化的当代价值与意义。     

资本现代性视阈下大学生道德教育困境的破解路径

在现代性因素,尤其是资本现代性与大学生逐步成形的个体性交互的作用下,高校作为承载教书育人重任与青年步入社会的过渡场所,其道德教育功效呈现减弱态势,甚至成为一个道德迷失的地方.为此,加强大学生道德教育建设,提升大学生现代国民品质与素养,要在把握资本现代性双重作用下,通过建构顺应"德才兼备"发展要求的教育实践路径,破解大学生道德教育过程中存在的四种困境,回归以"育人为本"为核心的本体性道德教育.     

马克思现代性思想对中国现代化的启示

中国的现代性意识是促成社会发展的内在动力。具有五千年传统文化的中国社会,在矢志不渝地坚持和发展马克思主义的思想指导下,真正探寻到了一条适合国情的中国道路,形成了独具特色的中国模式,体现了中国的现代性意识。中国现代性的过程不仅要综观不同学者对现代性视域的理解和把握,借鉴西方社会现代性发展的经验,更要注重把握中国社会历史发展的自身过程。自鸦片战争以来中国人自强不息、奋力拼搏,在践行马克思所推崇的现代性所追求的一个理性、自由、解放、发展的"自由人的联合体"的社会目标的过程中,探索出了中国特色社会主义道路、制度和理论体系。马克思的现代性思想为中国现代化的深入发展打开了理论视域。     

现代性视野中的现代都市文学

现代都市文学的发展与现代性诉求的嬗变具有密切的逻辑关联。以群体意识为核心的前现代性与启蒙现代性、审美现代性共同"在场"营造了多元对抗的文化 审美格局,三者的不同矛盾形式与消长的规律,内在地决定了现代都市文学由萌生到分化再到成熟的演变轨迹。     

现代性迷误:从文学革命到革命文学

从文学革命到革命文学,对文学的社会功能和艺术价值的理解不断窄化,加之反现代性作风盛行,造成文学观念的现代性迷误。其根源在于现代性本身的内在矛盾。在中国现代化进程中,现代性本身的逻辑在历史情境中的展开,即在文学与社会的双重现代化之内在困境中的展开,最终使文学观念走向现代性的反面     

体验本真性：北漂青年的社会交往与双重生活

通过对A青年空间的案例研究,本文力图呈现制度性个体化背景下中产阶层北漂青年所经历的双重生活。在高度竞争性的制度环境中,北漂青年一方面形成了适应功利型人生模式的奋斗自我,另一方面却对制度化的生活感到怀疑和失落,在制度依赖与自主需求之间挣扎。在青年空间中建构社会交往成为他们探寻“本真性自我”的方式。然而,青年空间中的社会交往以“反日常”为前提,本真性自我的建构往往成为一种悬置性体验,并且悖论式地遵循着制度化生活的逻辑。本文反思了现有文献对中国社会个体化的讨论中功利型取向的“奋斗个体”范式,丰富了对个体化进程中当代青年生活处境与主观世界的理解。     

青春文学的崛起

＂青春文学＂的崛起是新世纪以来中国文坛最靓丽的景观之一。以＂80后＂为主体的青春文学作家,创作了一大批风靡国内的、以青少年为消费群体的文学作品,并在文学市场上取得令前辈作家侧目的成绩。从崛起到分化,再到逐渐成熟,青春文学走过了一段波澜壮阔的历程,成为和＂纯文学＂并峙的文学种类。尽管青春文学还显稚嫩,但随着青春文学作家的成长,我们有理由相信他们能写出无愧于时代的作品。     

青年失业与人生转型

本文采用扎根理论方法探讨了失业对中国青年人生转型的影响,指出西方理论运用于中国时具有局限性,中国文化背景下的青年人生转型的含义并非脱离原生家庭关系网络而独立,而是在原有家庭关系网络中实现经济自立,并为处于社会网络的父母争面子以及反哺父母。失业对中国青年人生转型的影响主要表现其拖延了青年以上人生目标的实现。本文还简要地讨论了社会科学研究本土化的问题。     

论青年文化的"偏离"与整合

青年是人类社会中最活跃的群体。青年文化是整个人类文化的一部分。由于青年文化具有边缘性、超前性等特点 ,对社会主流文化存在着“偏离”行为 ,但也包含着积极的意义。因此 ,社会主流文化应对青年文化进行吸纳和整合 ,使其朝着有利于社会进步的方向健康发展。     

谈梁晓声知青小说中的反思性问题

梁晓声知青小说以浓重的知青情结和对理想主义、英雄主义的高扬而独树一帜,在20世纪80年代的知青小说创作领域占据了重要的一席之地,不过,其知青小说因此而招来了不少的批评和质疑的声音,被认为小说中缺乏对知青运动、文革历史的深刻反思与批判。然而,纵观梁晓声的知青小说创作的流变,不难发现其小说创作的深层动因远不是一些论者所批评的那样简单,而是梁晓声的知青情结与创作伦理的背后更为主要的原因,在于为一代知青的青春和生命找寻意义与价值的明证。     

Youth Experiences Survey (YES): Exploring the Scope and Complexity of Sex Trafficking in a Sample of Youth Experiencing Homelessness

ABSTRACT

In the United States, sex trafficking victims have been identified at ages across the lifespan but young persons (under age 25) have been found to have unique vulnerabilities. At-risk youth, such as those who run away from home or those experiencing homelessness, are also at an increased risk of sexual exploitation. To better understand the scope and complexity of sex trafficking among these at-risk youth, a convenience sample of 131 homeless youth aged 12 to 25 years old experiencing homelessness recruited from Kentuckiana youth service providers completed an enhanced version of the Youth Experiences Survey (YES). Univariate and bivariate analyses were conducted. Results indicated that 41.2% of the homeless youth were victims of sex trafficking. The sex trafficked youth were more likely to report previous self-harm behaviors, suicide attempts, and substance use. This study not only provides support for improved service delivery, but also provides essential statistics that should inform internal policy and procedures for youth serving agencies in Kentucky and Indiana. Findings highlight a need for trauma-informed interventions designed to treat not only females but also males and LGBTQ youth. Additionally, service providers should consider partnering with victim providers and clinicians to offer therapeutic groups, individual therapy, and supportive services that increase prevention, education, and wraparound care for clients. In regards to future research, findings point towards a need to better understand the role that trauma and adverse childhood experiences may play in making young people vulnerable to sex trafficking, and encourage the need for testing prevention and early intervention practices among vulnerable youth.     

Changing faces: the story of two Canadian street youth shelters

This study addresses the relationship between street youth shelters and formal child welfare systems in Toronto, Canada. Two case examples, Covenant House (CH) and Youth Without Shelter (YWS), are examined through archival material, participant observations and structured interviews with 21 front-line and managerial shelter workers. The findings suggest that both shelters have formed reciprocal and unequal partnerships with formal child-welfare organisations. The consequences of such an arrangement are threefold: (1) CH and YWS no longer possess an internal environment to support traditional street youths; (2) both shelters have strayed from their original intentions; and (3) many shelter workers express frustration within this dynamic. Several recommendations are put forward to support the survival of youth shelters: advocating increased government daily rates; seeking a balance between building a legitimate public image and an alternative street youth reputation; making every effort to house hard-core street youths; and building innovative internal programmes to act as referral points.     

The Impacts of Acculturative Stress and Social Competence on the Mental Health of Mainland Chinese Immigrant Youth in Hong Kong

Correspondence to Dr Daniel Fu Keung Wong, Associate Professor in the Department of Social Work and Social Adminstration, 1317 K K Leung Building, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong.E-mail: dfkwong{at}hkucc.hku.hk Summary Attempts were made to examine migration stressors, social competence,and mental health status of immigrant youth in Hong Kong andto examine the effects of social competence on stress and themental health of immigrant youth. Data on 106 immigrant youth,which were collected through a structured questionnaire, wereanalysed. It was discovered that immigrant youth found survivalissues and losses, rather than cultural differences and unfulfilledexpectations, to be stressful. Male immigrant youth exhibitedmore psychological distress symptoms than female immigrant youth.Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that social competenceexerted moderating effects on stress and the mental health ofimmigrant youth. Immigrant youth who had a higher level of socialcompetence, in terms of self-control, empathy, assertivenessand the ability to read social cues, had less stress and enjoyedbetter mental health. In conclusion, personal and socio-culturalreasons are put forward to explain the findings. Practice andpolicy implications are also discussed.     

Exploring the promotion of youth voice in community-based youth development programmes

This constructivist grounded theory study used semi-structured interviews with 19 youth service providers in community-based youth development programmes to develop a context-specific framework of how and why youth voice promotion occurred. Factors external to the youth programmes, such as funder expectations, influenced the conceptualization of role for youth workers. The social process of meaning making in relation to role identity impacted how youth workers perceived self-efficacy when working with youth, especially when engaged with behaviours falling outside programmatic expectations or norms. Workers prioritized fostering physical and psychological safe spaces for youth participants. When conflict occurred, perceptions of efficacy guided workers in taking positions that either promoted or restricted youth voice based on their perceptions of efficacy in resolving conflict safely. Youth programmes have the capacity to resist or replicate oppression present within the educational system. The adoption and adaptation of educational models of resistance offer a strategy for community-based youth organizations to promote equity and thriving youth.     

公共政策对青少年道德成长的影响及其对策

从公共政策制定、执行和监督等环节分析公共政策对青少年道德成长的影响,在公共政策的制定中,要确立整体性理念,使各项政策形成有利于促进青少年道德成长的合力。为了使公共政策的执行获得更好的实效性,要建立分类指导的操作方案。要充分发挥大众传媒在现代社会中的影响力,加强公共政策的舆论监督。