高层管理团队异质性与企业绩效关系研究

本文通过对深沪两市356家我国上市公司2001-2002年的数据的实证分析，结果表明，在我国的社会环境下，企业绩效受其高层管理团队特征的影响与国外的不同，高层管理团队的任期异质性、职业经验异质性与企业绩效负相关。本文对这种不同的结果进行了具体的分析和讨论，并提出了未来研究的展望。     

高层管理团队异质性对企业绩效的影响研究——以股权集中度为调节变量

随着我国企业外部竞争环境日益复杂化和现代企业制度的逐步建立,高层管理团队在企业中扮演越来越重要的角色。本文研究了在我国经济转型的背景下,股权集中度对高层管理团队异质性与企业绩效之间关系的调节作用,有一定的理论和现实意义。     

高层管理团队异质性对IPO折价的影响

本文主要探讨高层管理团队异质性对IPO折价的影响问题。基于在IPO过程中存在信息不对称现象和信号传递理论,本文认为高层管理团队的异质性对于投资者判断IPO企业的价值有较大的影响,从而最终影响到企业的IPO折价。高层管理团队的异质性主要包括：职能背景异质性、教育背景异质性、年龄异质性以及任期异质性。     

企业高层管理团队研究的进展

自从1984 年Hambrick 与Mason 提出“高层梯队理论”后,学术界涌现出大量高层管理团 队与组织绩效、战略、组织变革等方面的研究. 在此之前,有关高层领导的研究几乎完全针对领 导人个体,我国目前也沿袭这种研究模式. 激烈的市场竞争要求高层领导更多地以团队方式进 行运作,加强中国高层管理团队的研究势在必行. 文章对近20 年来国际有关企业高层管理团 队的科学管理做一综述,探讨高层管理团队的特征、运作过程以及不同文化背景对高层管理团 队绩效、组织绩效的影响,分析企业高层管理团队建设的研究框架,提出已有研究的局限及对 未来研究的展望.     

以基于内部互动的社会资本视角再看高层管理团队

当前高层管理团队的研究构建往往着眼于高层管理团队的人口统计学特征,并以此作为具体分析点来探究高层管理团队内部组成对组织战略行为与组织绩效的影响。这种研究构建不仅在内容上忽略了高层管理者之间的互动特征,而且在分析视角上缺乏较深入的透视性。基于这一认识,对高层管理团队的研究可以超越人口统计学的特征,借助社会网络与社会资本理论,重点审视高层管理团队内部的互动过程,以此来透视高层管理团队内部运作机制及其对组织战略决策和组织绩效的影响。     

国际化战略实施与高层管理团队构成实证研究

利用信息处理理论和高阶梯队理论考察国际化战略实施对高层管理团队特征(年龄、任期、教育水平及其异质性、团队规模等)选择的要求.研究结果表明:企业国际化战略的实施需要拥有某些特定属性的高层管理团队;企业国际化程度越高,要求高层管理团队任期越短、任期异质性越小,而且团队规模和教育水平异质性越大;良好的制度建设和经营管理是确保选择合理的高层管理团队执行国际化战略的重要影响因素.     

高层管理团队领导行为对团队绩效的影响机制:案例研究

针对现有文献在深入揭示领导行为对团队绩效作用机理方面尚有不足,旨在为管理者创建高绩效的高层管理团队提供理论指导,并完善领导行为对团队绩效作用机制的理论研究.首先,依据系统论和团队"输入-过程-输出"(IPO)理论,提出了高层管理团队领导行为对团队绩效作用机制的理论模型.然后,采用案例研究方法,以公共部门的一个高层管理团队为研究对象,揭示高层管理团队领导行为影响团队绩效的内在机制.最后,在通过归纳与编码识别了团队领导过程中关键变量的基础上,验证和修订了理论模型.研究表明,高层管理团队领导行为通过团队过程、团队成员以及团队环境等变量影响团队绩效,且各变量之间存在交互影响作用.     

创业团队异质性与新企业绩效:领导者乐观心理的调节作用

异质性是创业团队的重要属性,也是创业研究的热点。本文研究将异质性分为两类:任务相关异质性和身份相关异质性,并分别讨论了两类异质性对新企业绩效的不同影响以及团队领导者乐观心理的调节作用。实证研究发现,在任务相关异质性中,行业经验异质性正向影响新企业绩效,而在身份相关异质性中,年龄相关异质性负向影响新企业绩效;同时,团队领导者的乐观心理正向调节行业和职能经验异质性与新企业绩效之间的关系。     

企业高层管理团队决策效果影响因素研究

本文以决策过程作为对企业高层管理团队(TMT)运作过程研究的切入点,在对TMT各种来源的影响因素进行梳理的基础上,结合决策行为的特点构建出TMT决策效果影响因素模型。本文丰富了高层管理团队理论以及群体决策行为理论,为深入研究TMT与企业绩效间的内在机制提供理论基础和方法指导的同时确立了决策在它们之间的研究地位,为TMT与企业绩效之间的实践研究提供了一种新思路。     

团队异质性与高层更换：我国上市IT公司的实证研究

本文以我国IT行业上市公司为样本，从个人和团队整体两个层面分析了高层管理团队成员的异质性与高层更换的关系。结果表明：在个人层面，年龄和领薪方式的异质性增加了董事长、总经理更换的可能，任期的异质性并不能较好地解释董事长、总经理更换的原因；在团队整体层面，董事长、总经理更换可能性与领薪方式异质性显著正相关，与年龄、任期的异质性相关性不显著。本文的研究不仅从理论上进一步拓展了现有高层管理团队异质性与高层更换关系的相关理论，而且为企业的实践活动提供了实证依据。     

创业导向与创新绩效：高管团队特征和市场动态性的影响

创业导向对创新绩效的提升具有重要的影响,但创业导向与创新绩效的关系还可能受高管团队特征和市场动态性的影响。根据基于注意力的观点,对创业导向、创新绩效、高管团队的异质性、高管团队的共同愿景和市场动态性的关系进行研究,探讨高管团队的异质性和共同愿景对创业导向与创新绩效关系的调节作用,并进一步研究这种调节作用是否受市场动态性的影响。利用在广东、江苏、山东、陕西和河南5地收集的264份调查问卷,采用多元线性回归和调节效应的检验方法对研究假设进行实证检验。研究结果表明,创业导向对创新绩效有正向促进作用,高管团队的异质性有助于加强创业导向与创新绩效的关系。在稳定的市场环境下,高管团队的异质性对创业导向与创新绩效关系的调节效应更强;在不考虑环境动态性和环境动态性较低的情况下,高管团队的共同愿景对创业导向与创新绩效关系的调节效应不显著,但在动态性较高的市场环境下,可以显著地正向调节创业导向与创新绩效的关系。     

Top Management Team Heterogeneity,Strategic Change and Operational Performance*

This study examines the role of top management team (TMT) heterogeneity in facilitating strategic change. Based on the upper echelons literature, we argue that heterogeneous management teams are better able to handle the simultaneous and conflicting demands of refocusing the organization strategically and keeping up operational performance. We expect this to be true only for teams that are heterogeneous with respect to factors directly related to job requirements, however. Data were collected from 92 full TMTs of hospitals in Spain that were confronted with institutional pressures that challenged their current strategies. In support of our hypotheses, the results show job‐related TMT heterogeneity moderates the relation between strategic change and operational performance. No moderating effect is found for non‐job‐related TMT heterogeneity.     

Top management teams within multinational corporations: Effects of cultural heterogeneity

This research examined the relationship of cultural heterogeneity with team and organizational performance, as mediated by selected aspects of group processes. The study was done with top management teams (TMTs) in international subsidiaries of multinational corporations (MNCs). It was found that cultural heterogeneity within the TMT is positively related to both the level of issue-based conflict the team experiences and to TMT performance. The TMT performance and the subsidiary's performance were positively related. Issue-based conflict affected negatively TMT performance but had a positive effect on subsidiary performance. The hypothesis that cultural heterogeneity would be negatively related to TMT cohesion was not supported. The results provide general support for the importance of cultural heterogeneity for the functioning of TMTs and their international subsidiaries.     

我国上市公司的实证研究：股权结构和高层梯队与公司绩效的关系

分析了股权结构和高层梯队对公司绩效的影响并进行了实证研究。股权结构与公司绩效的实证结果显示,流通股对公司绩效有显著负面影响,而法人股则与之呈弱的正相关关系。在国有股权控股的企业中,股权一定程度上的集中对公司是有利的,且政府直接控股比间接控股更有利于企业的整体价值。在论证高层梯队与公司绩效关系上,从团队的传记性特征方面作了实证分析,初步得出了公司绩效与高层梯队平均年龄和平均受教育状况正相关,而与年龄和教育背景的差异性呈负相关关系这一结论。此外,在不同股权结构下,高层梯队对公司绩效影响具有差异性。     

Top Management Team Diversity: A Review of Theories and Methodologies

This paper reviews empirical research on top management team (TMT) diversity. A number of scholars have concluded that upper echelons findings, in particular in terms of the consequences of TMT heterogeneity, have been inconclusive. This review conducts an in‐depth analysis of conceptual and methodological issues related to upper echelons diversity studies and offers some directions for future research. Sixty journal articles, published in ten top international journals over a 22‐year period (1984–2005), were analyzed. The results suggest that upper echelons research is increasingly multidisciplinary in nature; however, in‐depth inquiries into the antecedents of TMT composition and the multilevel contextual influences on the implications of TMT heterogeneity are still needed. This review finds that clarity about level of analysis, both theoretically and empirically, remains an important issue in the field and thus a multilevel approach is strongly encouraged. Moreover, the complexity of diversity as a theoretical construct needs to be acknowledged and operationalized accordingly in upper echelons studies.     

高管团队职能异质性与企业绩效关系研究:基于管理者认知和团队冲突的中介分析

高管团队的职能特征如何反映到企业绩效中一直是管理领域研究的重点,但是其实证检验结果呈现出复杂化的特征,一致性的结论尚未达成。本文从高阶梯理论和信息处理理论出发,较为全面地探索高管团队职能异质性如何影响企业绩效。研究结果表明:(1)高管团队职能异质性对企业绩效水平有负向的影响;(2)高管团队职能异质性会显著促进管理者认知集中性和复杂性的提高;(3)管理者认知集中性和复杂性的提高会进一步促进绩效水平的提高;(4)管理者认知是高管团队职能异质性影响企业绩效水平的中介机制;(5)高管团队职能异质性的提高会显著促进团队冲突的提高;(6)团队冲突的增强会抑制企业绩效水平的提高;(7)团队冲突是职能异质性影响企业绩效水平的中介机制。     

The role of CEO emotional stability and team heterogeneity in shaping the top management team affective tone and firm performance relationship

In this paper, we aim to bridge the micro-macro divide by addressing continued calls from strategic leadership and affect researchers to examine the black box to consider how CEO characteristics relate to top management team (TMT) affective experiences, and, in turn firm outcomes. We further consider the role of one key contextual factor in this relationship: TMT heterogeneity. We predict that CEO personality, specifically, emotional stability, is positively associated with TMT affective tone. Moreover, we posit that the relationship between TMT affective tone and firm performance depends on TMT task-related heterogeneity, such that positive affective tone benefits firm performance in heterogeneous TMTs, whereas negative affective tone benefits firm performance in homogeneous TMTs. Using a novel methodology that measures key psychological aspects of the CEO and TMT, we examined 50 TMTs from publicly-traded companies to test our predictions. Our findings offer theoretical contributions to the strategic leadership, affect and diversity literatures as well as managerial applications for CEO selection and management and managing diversity in upper echelons.     

Promoting business model innovation through social media strategic capability: A moderated mediation model

The rapid development of social media has significantly affected organizational innovation activities. However, scant research has investigated how social media, as an important innovative tool within the corporate landscape, influences firm business model innovation (BMI). This paper provides an initial investigation into whether, and how, social media can be used to promote firm BMI. Drawing on the strategic capability literature, the study examines the relationship between social media strategic capability (SMSC) and BMI by focusing on the mediating role of strategic flexibility and the moderating effects of top management team (TMT) heterogeneity and environmental dynamism. Empirical results from a sample of 283 Chinese firms with two key informants each show a significant and positive association between SMSC and BMI, which is mediated by strategic flexibility. In addition, moderated path analyses indicate that TMT heterogeneity positively moderates the SMSC–strategic flexibility path, while environmental dynamism positively moderates the strategic flexibility–BMI path in the mediated relationship. Theoretical and practical implications of this study for both social media and BMI research are discussed.