团队真实型领导、新员工反馈寻求行为与社会化结果

领导掌控着组织的资源,其态度和行为对新员工能否顺利社会化起关键作用。基于真实型领导和员工反馈寻求社会化理论,探讨团队真实型领导、反馈导向对新员工反馈寻求行为和社会化结果的影响。纵向选取53个团队中304个入职9个月内的新员工为调查样本,运用多层回归和结构方程模型进行验证。研究结果表明,团队真实型领导和反馈导向正向影响新员工反馈寻求行为,团队真实型领导显著正向调节反馈导向与新员工反馈寻求行为之间的关系;在高团队真实型领导水平下,高反馈导向的新员工表现出更频繁的反馈寻求行为;团队真实型领导与反馈导向的交互作用通过新员工反馈寻求行为对角色清晰度、社会融入度和工作满意度3个社会化结果起间接积极作用,表明团队真实型领导可以促进新员工有更多的反馈寻求行为,进而帮助他们成功社会化。     

双元领导对团队创新绩效影响研究——基于惯例视角

领导力及组织双元领域的研究认为,领导者的悖论认知模式和管理行为对于组织中任何一种双元形式的构建都发挥着重要的作用。然而,目前学术界对于这种复杂领导方式的具体作用效果及影响机制,尤其是对于团队创新过程中如何有针对性地处理团队整体性与个体差异性间存在的突出矛盾这一问题仍然缺乏深入的研究。 基于社会认知理论、组织双元理论和动态能力理论,从团队惯例视角出发,构建双元领导行为-团队双元文化-团队创新绩效的影响过程模型,探讨领导行为的协调作用,同时以成员自我调节导向和环境动态性作为调节变量,研究在此影响过程中团队内、外部情景因素的调节作用。采用SPSS 17.0和AMOS 17.0进行多层次回归分析和组间方差分析,对来自长三角区域高新技术型企业中123个知识团队的调研数据进行实证分析。 研究结果表明,①双元领导对团队创新绩效具有积极影响并且显著优于单一领导方式,而变革型领导和交易型领导对团队创新绩效的影响并无显著差异,但要显著优于无明显领导风格的团队,且这两种领导方式能够产生协同效应,其交互正向影响团队创新绩效;②双元领导主要通过团队双元文化部分中介作用直接或间接影响团队创新绩效,但其所包含的变革型和交易型领导行为对团队创新绩效的作用机理存在差异,变革型领导主要通过适应性文化的部分中介作用直接和间接影响创新绩效,交易型领导则通过一致性文化的部分中介作用直接和间接影响创新绩效;③自我调节导向在双元领导与团队创新绩效关系间发挥正向调节作用;④环境动态性在双元领导与团队创新绩效关系间发挥正向调节作用。     

差异化授权型领导与创新绩效: 基于社会认同的视角

  许多企业为适应经济竞争开始组织结构变革,以授权型工作团队代替传统的层级管理结构,因此授权型领导如何在团队层面发挥作用引起学者们的广泛关注。基于共享视角的团队导向授权型领导对创新绩效的作用机制已得到广泛研究,但在具有关系文化的中国团队情景中,团队领导不一定针对团队内部不同成员进行无差别的授权,相反团队领导很可能进行差别授权,因此差异化授权型领导对创新绩效的影响有待探究。         基于社会认同理论,通过跨层次分析方法,探讨差异化授权型领导如何影响个体创新绩效和团队创新绩效,检验团队认同在差异化授权型领导与个体创新绩效和团队创新绩效之间的中介作用,检验领导认同在差异化授权型领导与个体创新绩效之间的中介作用。以99个工作团队706位企事业单位员工为研究对象,采用问卷调查方法,运用Spss 19.0和Mplus 7.4对研究假设进行验证。         研究结果表明,①差异化授权型领导显著负向跨层影响个体创新绩效;②差异化授权型领导显著负向影响团队创新绩效;③差异化授权型领导显著负向影响团队认同,团队认同分别在差异化授权型领导与个体创新绩效和团队创新绩效之间起中介作用;④差异化授权型领导显著负向跨层影响领导认同,领导认同在差异化授权型领导与个体创新绩效之间起中介作用。         研究结果丰富了差异化领导的研究,并扩展了团队层面授权型领导的研究,验证了差异化授权型领导对创新绩效的负向作用;丰富了差异化授权型领导的理论研究视角,基于社会认同理论探讨差异化授权型领导对创新绩效的跨层次影响机制。团队领导在进行授权时要考虑团队的文化特性,增强谨慎意识,要充分考虑如果团队内部领导授权的差异化程度过高会破坏团队成员的团队认同和领导认同,进而降低个体创新绩效和团队创新绩效,以致降低组织创新绩效。     

领导者不当督导对员工创新行为的影响研究

以400名企业员工作为问卷调研的样本,采用结构方程模型与层次回归分析法,探究领导者不当督导对员工创新行为的影响,以及员工心理资本、团队-成员交换在其中的调节作用。研究表明,领导不当督导对员工创新行为具有显著负向影响;心理资本和团队-成员交换在不当督导与员工创新行为的关系中起调节作用。在此基础上,从个体、团队和领导等方面对员工创新管理提出建议。     

变革型领导与创新行为：一个被调节的中介作用模型

以认知机制和内在动机理论为基础,探究在科研团队中变革型领导对下属成员创新行为的影响及其内在作用机制。采用问卷调查方法,对中国科学院所属学部内科研团队中的领导者及其直属下属进行调研。由下属完成员工问卷(包括变革型领导、心理授权、工作复杂性),领导者对其下属的创新行为进行评价,共获得79名领导者和237名科研人员的配对数据,采用Mplus软件进行统计分析。研究结果表明,在科研团队中,变革型领导对其下属的创新行为有显著正向影响;下属的心理授权在变革型领导和下属创新行为间起中介作用;下属所从事工作的复杂性对变革型领导→心理授权→下属创新行为这一中介作用有正向调节作用,即工作复杂性较高时,变革型领导通过心理授权影响下属创新行为的正向中介作用显著,而工作复杂性较低时该中介作用不显著。     

授权型领导对员工创新行为的影响研究:心理资本和情绪智力的作用

基于社会信息加工理论和资源保存理论,探究授权型领导对员工创新行为的影响机制,结果表明:授权型领导对员工创新行为存在显著正向影响,授权型领导对心理资本有积极促进作用,心理资本在授权型领导与员工创新行为之间起部分中介作用,情绪智力正向调节授权型领导与员工创新行为之间的关系,心理资本的中介作用在情绪智力对主效应的整体调节之下不显著。为此,要促进员工创新行为,需要选拔与培训授权型领导,鼓励领导者关注员工心理资本,将情绪智力相关测试结果作为招聘人员的参考依据,并纳入员工培训体系和职业生涯规划,切实提升员工情绪智力,提高组织绩效。     

仆从领导与员工创新行为关系研究

近年来,国内外对领导风格与员工创新行为关系的研究层出不穷,主要集中在变革型领导、交易型领导、伦理型领导、包容型领导、涌现型领导、真实型领导与员工创新行为的关系等方面.这些研究普遍认为领导者通过职位与权力来影响员工的创新态度与行为,忽视了领导者通过关注员工内在价值对员工创新行为的影响.自格林里夫等人提出仆从领导概念以来,国内外学者对仆从领导理论的概念、特征等进行了大量研究,但关于仆从领导与员工创新行为之间关系的研究一直少见,尤其运用实证探讨仆从领导对员工创新行为的作用机理更是罕见.     

差异化变革型领导对员工创新行为的影响：资源转化视角

 差异化变革型领导是变革型领导多层次建构的结果。早期的变革型领导研究尚未触及领导层面的核心,而差异化变革型领导研究为分层面探讨领导理论提供了新视角。按照中国式交往原则,领导在不同的工作场所会根据与员工不同的关系质量形成差序格局,进而表现出差异化的领导行为。而资源守恒理论认为,差序格局是领导与员工间资源交换差异的结果。        基于资源守恒理论和领导-成员交换理论,将环境动态性、环境竞争性、领导-成员交换引入差异化变革型领导与员工创新行为关系机制中,构建以领导-成员交换为中介、环境动态性和环境竞争性为调节的三维交互下有调节的中介模型,从资源视角揭示差异化变革型领导对创新行为影响的内在机制。采用结构方程模型、Bootstrapping法和双因素分析方法进行层面和简单效应分析,以25人以上的科技企业作为调研对象,收集软件研发、电子通信、生物医药、新材料制造等多个行业32家科技企业人力和研发部门的58个团队配对样本进行实证。        研究结果表明,团队一致性和个体差异性变革型领导均对员工创新行为具有显著正向影响,领导-成员交换在个体差异性变革型领导与员工创新行为间起部分中介作用,在团队一致性变革型领导与员工创新行为间没有中介作用;环境动态性与环境竞争性的交互项在个体差异性变革型领导与员工创新行为间以领导-成员交换为中介的间接关系中有正向调节作用,且高动态-高竞争环境组合更能促进领导资源优化配置。        中国情景下形成的圈子文化更利于领导与员工间的资源互动,进而促进创新行为,且组织内外部环境的高度协同更能促进领导与员工间的资源转化进程。均衡分配领导资源可以直接促进员工创新,但并不利于二者间的资源交互。研究结果厘清了复杂环境下差异化变革型领导者与成员的资源传递机制,为解释中国本土文化提供了新的视角。     

权力距离导向与员工建言:组织地位感知的影响

员工建言对于组织运营和发展的作用是不言而喻的,然而在中国情境下往往事与愿违,员工常常会选择知而不言。采用问卷调查方式收集81名团队领导与其467名下属的配对样本,运用多层线性模型方法,从文化价值观的视角探讨中国情境下不同层级个体的权力距离导向对员工建言的效应以及领导组织地位感知和员工组织地位感知在其中的调节效应。统计分析结果表明,领导权力距离导向和员工权力距离导向对员工建言行为都具有显著的负向预测作用,领导组织地位感知显著调节领导权力距离导向与员工建言间的关系,员工组织地位感知显著调节员工权力距离导向与员工建言间的关系。研究结果有助于理解中国情境下员工建言的影响因素和边界条件,对于改变这种现状、实现组织的有效管理具有重要的现实意义。     

组织公正和交易型领导对组织承诺的影响方式研究

随着组织中越来越多独立工作团队的出现,团队领导者的领导风格作为一种先验的情境因素,会对组织管理的行为效果产生一定的影响.然而过去的研究中很少将团队层次的领导行为作为情景变量来考察.本研究运用676名员工样本对组织公正和交易型领导对组织承诺的影响方式进行研究,发现三种形式的组织公正对员工承诺都有正向影响,互动公正的影响作用最强,分配公正的影响不显著;团队交易型领导方式对组织互动公正与员工承诺之间的关系产生调节作用,即交易型领导越明显的团队中,组织互动公正对员工承诺的影响越大.     

Peers,proactivity, and problem-solving: A multilevel study of team impacts on stress appraisals of problem-solving demands

ABSTRACT

To date, there is a paucity of research on team-level impacts on the individual stress appraisal process despite the recognised role of teams for solving problems. Applying a multilevel approach, this study investigates the cross-level impact of team problem prevention behaviours on employee stress appraisals of problem-solving demands. It was hypothesised that team problem prevention would moderate the individual-level relationship between problem-solving demands and stress appraisals. Data were collected from 43 work teams comprised of 192 team members including all team leaders who also provided evaluations of their team’s problem prevention behaviour. Results supported the hypothesised cross-level moderating effects on challenge appraisal, but not threat appraisal. As one of the first studies to demonstrate that stress appraisals are impacted by the group, not just by individual factors, the results support a multilevel conceptualisation of stress appraisals. The findings also highlight implications for practice, broadening the scope of possibilities for stress management interventions to utilise team-level strategies such as leadership development programmes and/or team building initiatives.     

LMX差异化对创造力的影响:一项多层次研究

领导—成员交换关系的差异化是近年来学术界的一个热点课题.尽管已有研究考察了它对一些个体和团队产出的影响,但领导—成员交换关系差异化对创造力的影响一直为研究者们所忽略.领导—成员交换关系差异化文献和社会比较理论表明领导与不同下属交换质量的差异对团队及个人创造力的发挥具有重要意义.基于此,本研究采用社会比较的理论视角,同时从个体和团队两个层面考察领导—成员交换关系差异化对团队和个体创造力的影响,并进一步分析团队层面的差异化对个体层面效应的调节作用.通过对中国大陆80个知识型团队的367名个体的问卷调查,结果发现:在个体层面,相对的领导—成员交换关系(RLMX)对个体创造力有显著正向影响,团队自主支持感在这两者关系中起着中介作用;在团队层面,领导—成员交换关系差异和团队创造力之间呈U型关系,领导—成员交换关系差异对个体创造力有消极影响,但团队层面的关系差异化对RLMX和个体创造力关系的调节效应不显著.总体来看,本研究发现LMX差异化对个体层面和团队层面的影响是不一致的.最后讨论了本研究的不足及未来潜在的研究方向.     

R&D员工领导创新期望、内部动机与创新行为研究

在现代组织行为研究领域推动员工创造、创新的组织行为研究是一个热点问题。本文通过对我国跨地区企业研发员工的问卷调查研究对领导创新期望、员工内部工作动机及其创新行为间的关系进行了实证探讨。研究发现,在我国背景下,直属领导对下属员工的创新期望、员工之间横向交换对研发员工创新的行为都具有正向预测作用,其中员工内在工作动机在领导创新期望、员工横向交换对员工创新行为的作用路径关系中起到中介效应。本研究的调查结论不仅有助于加深我们对组织内员工创新行为推动和作用机制的深入了解,同时也会对我国企业,特别是高新技术企业推动员工创新的管理实践提供借鉴。     

Bringing the cognitive revolution forward: What can team cognition contribute to our understanding of leadership?

Cognition is a central element of organizational behavior and leaders are seen as key shapers of organizational cognition. Leaders’ influence over organizations often occurs through their influence on the collectives or teams they are leading. Hence, leaders influence organizational outcomes by modeling team cognition. Despite the importance of this relationship for organizational outcomes, there is little integration currently between the leadership and team cognition literatures. To address this gap, we conduct an integrative review. First, we develop a model for leader and team influence based on organizational emergence and leadership complexity theories. Our model makes a distinction between the source of influence over cognition (leader → team, team → leader, reciprocal) and form of cognition emergence (variance reduction, variance enhancement); constraints that shape cognitions that vary in levels (within and between-level, contextual) and focus (individual, interindividual, collective); and leader behaviors (administrative, adaptive, enabling). We apply this model to review and analyze ninety-nine studies in the current literature and then discuss the limitations and future directions drawing on our findings and theoretical model. We contribute a unifying framework of leadership and team emergence that can be expanded and applied to other settings.     

Bounded leadership: An empirical study of leadership competencies,constraints, and effectiveness

Contrary to the previous leadership theories, which focus on specific and narrow aspects of leadership such as employee characteristics, leader’s authenticity, or boundary spanning, the bounded leadership theory is a broad and complex concept. It takes simultaneously many constraints, which are related to activities on an individual, team, organization, and stakeholder level. This study applies the bounded leadership theory to analyze the leadership constraints as the mediator of the relationship between leadership competencies and effectiveness. Our findings show that leaders’ competencies are not enough for them to be effective. Specific competencies enable leaders to overcome the set of constraints and then to increase their effectiveness.     

How Leaders Affect Followers’ Work Engagement and Performance: Integrating Leader−Member Exchange and Crossover Theory

Drawing on leader?member exchange and crossover theory, this study examines how leaders’ work engagement can spread to followers, highlighting the role of leader?member exchange as an underlying explanatory process. Specifically, we investigate if leaders who are highly engaged in their work have better relationships with their followers, which in turn can explain elevated employee engagement. For this purpose, we surveyed 511 employees nested in 88 teams and their team leaders in a large service organization. Employees and supervisors provided data in this multi‐source design. Furthermore, we asked the employees to report their annual performance assessment. We tested our model using multilevel path analyses in Mplus. As hypothesized, leaders’ work engagement enhanced leader?member exchange quality, which in turn boosted employee engagement (mediation model). Moreover, employee engagement was positively linked to performance and negatively linked to turnover intentions. As such, our multilevel field study connects the dots between work engagement research and the leadership literature. We identify leaders’ work engagement as a key to positive leader?follower relationships and a means for promoting employee engagement and performance. Promoting work engagement at the managerial level may be a fruitful starting point for fostering an organizational culture of engagement.     

Creating team ambidexterity: The effects of leader dialectical thinking and collective team identification

In the current, increasingly dynamic environment, more attention is being devoted to ambidexterity (both explorative and exploitative learning), as it is beneficial to organizational functioning. Despite an abundance of research on organizational ambidexterity, there is a paucity of research examining team-level ambidexterity. In a cross-level empirical study, we examine a leader's dialectical thinking as an antecedent of team-level ambidexterity. We also incorporate collective team identification as a moderator in the study. Our findings support that a leader's dialectical thinking can help facilitate team ambidexterity that, in turn, improves employee performance. Those teams whose members have strong team identification and whose leader is high in dialectical thinking will reap the most benefit from team ambidexterity.     

A meta-analysis of humble leadership: Reviewing individual,team, and organizational outcomes of leader humility

Humility is a concept grounded in a self-view that something greater than oneself exists. A multitude of disciplines to date have sought to understand how humility impacts leaders, as well as the individuals, teams, and organizations they lead. Despite overlapping research questions, methodologies, and empirical contexts, studies examining leader humility have developed largely in isolation with little overlap between fields. This has created a fundamental divide between micro and macro researchers who suggest that humility is conceptualized as both a mutable behavioral state and a stable leader trait, respectively. We provide a systematic review of research on leader humility at multiple organizational levels of analysis to provide linkages across disciplinary and theoretical divides. We couple our systematic review with a meta-analysis of 212 unique studies, identifying 99 estimates for the relationships between leader humility and numerous individual, team, and organizational variables. Among all variables, we find humble leadership most strongly predicts followers’ satisfaction with the leader and the leaders’ participative decision making. We also find humble leadership does not affect their own job performance or the performance of organizations, but improves the performance of their followers and teams. Building on our results, we call for research across academic disciplines.     

调节焦点视角下工作压力对员工创造力的影响

基于调节焦点理论,本研究探讨了促进型调节焦点在挑战性工作压力和员工创造力之间、防御型调节焦点在阻碍性工作压力和员工创造力之间所起的中介作用,并根据社会信息处理理论,进一步探究了参与型领导在此过程中的调节作用。通过对202份调查问卷进行统计分析,得出以下研究结论:(1)挑战性工作压力能够诱发员工的促进型调节焦点,阻碍性工作压力能够诱发员工的防御型调节焦点;(2)促进型调节焦点在挑战性工作压力与员工创造力之间起中介作用,即挑战性工作压力通过增强促进型调节焦点继而提高员工创造力,防御型调节焦点在阻碍性工作压力与员工创造力之间的没有起到中介作用;(3)参与型领导增强了挑战性工作压力与促进型调节焦点之间的正向关系,并在这个模型中起调节作用;(4)参与型领导削弱了阻碍性工作压力与防御型调节焦点之间的正向关系,但并没有在整个模型中起到调节作用。以上研究为"如何使员工在沉重的工作压力下提高创造力"等问题提供了一个新的解释,具有重要的理论和实践意义。     

How leadership matters: The effects of leaders' alignment on strategy implementation

Research has confirmed that leader behavior influences group and organizational behavior, but we know less about how senior leaders ensure that group and organizational members implement their decisions. Most organizations have multiple layers of leaders, implying that any single leader does not lead in isolation. We focused on how the consistency of leadership effectiveness across hierarchical levels influenced the implementation of a strategic initiative in a large health care system. We found that it was only when leaders' effectiveness at different levels was considered in the aggregate that significant performance improvement occurred. We discuss the implications of these findings for leadership research, specifically, that leaders at various levels should be considered collectively to understand how leadership influences employee performance.